# Parwan Province

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Province of Afghanistan

"Parwan" redirects here. For the locality in Australia, see [Parwan, Victoria](/source/Parwan%2C_Victoria).

Province in Afghanistan

Parwan پروان Province The Salang Pass during winter Map of Afghanistan with Parwan highlighted Coordinates (Capital): 35°00′N 69°00′E / 35.0°N 69.0°E / 35.0; 69.0 Country Afghanistan Capital Charikar Government • Governor Mohammad Farid Omar[1] • Deputy Governor Maulvi Dost Mohammad Haqqani[2] Area • Total 5,715 km2 (2,207 sq mi) Population (2021)[3] • Total 751,040 • Density 131.4/km2 (340.4/sq mi) Time zone UTC+4:30 (Afghanistan Time) Postal code 11xx ISO 3166 code AF-PAR Main languages Dari and Pashto[4]

**Parwan**[a] is one of the 34 [provinces of Afghanistan](/source/Provinces_of_Afghanistan). It is the largest province of the Greater Parwan region, and has a population of about 751,000.[3] The province is multi-ethnic and is a mostly rural society. The province is divided into 10 [districts](/source/Districts_of_Afghanistan). The town of [Imam Abu Hanifa](/source/Charikar) serves as the provincial capital. The province is located north of [Kabul Province](/source/Kabul_Province) and south of [Baghlan Province](/source/Baghlan_Province), west of [Panjshir Province](/source/Panjshir_Province) and [Kapisa Province](/source/Kapisa_Province), and east of [Maidan Wardak Province](/source/Maidan_Wardak_Province) and [Bamyan Province](/source/Bamyan_Province). The province's famous tourism attraction is the Golghondi Hill, also known as “the flower hill,” located in Imam Azam about an hour away from the capital city of Kabul.[5] After Panjshir this province has been considered as one of the main raising points of Afghanistan War against Soviets.

The name Parwan is also attributed to a town, the exact location of which is now unknown, that supposedly existed during prehistory, in the nearby [Hindu Kush](/source/Hindu_Kush) mountains.[6]

Despite a four-decade-long state of [war in Afghanistan](/source/War_in_Afghanistan_(1978%E2%80%93present)), Parwan was relatively free of conflict by the mid-2010s. While occasional attacks on government or international forces were reported, they were usually minor.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] Such incidents in Parwan mostly involved grenade attacks on the residences of government officials or roadside bombs.[7] [Bagram Air Base](/source/Bagram_Airfield), which was one of the largest US military bases in Afghanistan, is located in Parwan.

## History

Part of a series on the History of Afghanistan Timeline Ancient Indus Valley Civilisation 2200–1800 BC Oxus civilization 2100–1800 BC Gandhara kingdom 1500–535 BC Median Empire 728–550 BC Achaemenid Empire 550–330 BC Macedonian Empire 330–312 BC Seleucid Empire 312–150 BC Maurya Empire 305–180 BC Greco-Bactrian kingdom 256–125 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD Indo-Greek kingdom 180–90 BC Indo-Scythian kingdom 155–80? BC Kushan Empire 135 BC – 248 AD Indo-Parthian kingdom 20 BC – 50? AD Sasanian Empire 230–651 Kidarite kingdom 320–465 Rob Alchon Huns 380–560 Hephthalite Empire 410–557 Nezak Huns 484–711 Medieval Kabul Shahi 565–879 Principality of Chaghaniyan 7th–8th centuries Rashidun Caliphate 652–661 Tang China 660–669 Tibetan Empire 660–842 Umayyads 661–750 Zunbils 680–870 Lawik 750-977 Abbasids 750–821 Tahirids 821–873 Saffarids 863–900 Samanids 875–999 Banjurid dynasty 900–1030 Ghaznavids 963–1187 Ghurids before 879–1215 Seljuks 1037–1194 Khwarezmids 1215–1231 Mongol Invasion 1219–1226 Chagatai Khanate 1226–1245 Qarlughids 1224–1266 Ilkhanate 1256–1335 Kartids 1245–1381 Timurids 1370–1507 Arghuns 1520–1591 Modern Mughals 1501–1738 Safavids 1510–1709 Kunduz Khanate ?–1859 Hotak dynasty 1709–1738 Sadozai Sultanate 1716–1732 Afsharid Iran 1738–1747 Durrani Empire 1747–1823 Maimana Khanate 1747–1892 Herat 1793–1863 Principality of Qandahar 1818–1855 Emirate 1823–1926 Saqqawist Emirate 1929 Kingdom 1926–1973 Daoud coup 1973 Republic 1973–1978 Saur Revolution 1978 Democratic Republic 1978–1987 Republic 1987–1992 Tanai coup attempt 1990 Islamic State 1992–1996 Islamic Emirate 1996–2001 US invasion 2001 Islamic State (reinstated) 2001 Interim/Transitional Administration 2001–2004 Islamic Republic (politics) 2004–2021 Islamic Emirate (reinstated) since 2021 Related historical regions Arachosia Aria Ariana Bactria Gandhara Iran Kabulistan Kafiristan Khorasan Kushanshahr Paropamisadae Sistan Zabulistan Related topics Political history Political violence Culture Economic history Name Afghan (ethnonym) List of years List of heads of state Wars List of wars Hinduism history Hindu and Buddhist heritage Jewish history Muslim conquests Category Afghanistan portal v t e

Further information: [History of Afghanistan](/source/History_of_Afghanistan)

In 329 BC, [Alexander the Great](/source/Alexander_the_Great) founded the settlement of Parwan as his [Alexandria of the Caucasus](/source/Alexandria_of_the_Caucasus). It was [conquered by Arab Muslims](/source/Islamic_conquest_of_Afghanistan) in 792 AD.[6] In 1221, the province was the site of the battle between the invading [Mongols](/source/Mongol_Empire), led by [Genghis Khan](/source/Genghis_Khan), and the [Khwarazmian Empire](/source/Khwarazmian_Empire) led by [Jalal al-Din Mangburni](/source/Jalal_al-Din_Mangburni), where the Mongols were defeated.[6]

The Kingdom of Kapisa (known in contemporary Chinese sources as Chinese: 漕國 Caoguo and Chinese: 罽賓 Jibin) was a state located in what is now Afghanistan during the late 1st millennium CE. Its capital was the city of [Bagram](/source/Bagram). The kingdom stretched from the Hindu Kush in the north to Bamiyan and Kandahar in the south and west, out as far as the modern Jalalabad District in the east.

The famous [Moroccan](/source/Morocco) traveler and scholar, [Ibn Battuta](/source/Ibn_Battuta), visiting the area in 1333 write:

We halted next at a place called Banj Hir ([Panjshir](/source/Panjshir_Valley)), which means "Five Mountains," where there was once a fine and populous city built on a great river with blue water like the sea. This country was devastated by [Tinkiz](/source/Genghis_Khan), the king of the [Tatars](/source/Tatars), and has not been inhabited since. We came to a mountain called Pashay, where there is a convent of the Shaykh Ata Awliya, which means "Father of the Saints." He is also called Sisad Salah, which is the Persian for "three hundred years," because they say that he is three hundred and fifty years old. They have a very high opinion of him and come to visit him from the towns and villages, and sultans and princesses visit him too. He received us with honor and made us his guests. We encamped by a river near his convent and went to see him, and when I saluted him he embraced me. His skin is fresh and smoother than any I have seen; anyone seeing him would take him to be fifty years old. He told me that he grew new hair and teeth every hundred years. I had some doubts about him, however, and God knows how much truth there is in what he says. We traveled thence to Parwan, where I met the amir Buruntayh. He treated me well and wrote to his representatives at [Ghazna](/source/Ghazni_Province) enjoining them to show me honor. We went on to the village of Charkh [Charikar], it being now summer, and from there to the town of Ghazna. This is the town of the famous warrior-sultan [Mahmud ibn Sabuktagin](/source/Mahmud_of_Ghazni), one of the greatest of rulers, who made frequent raids into [India](/source/Hindustan) and captured cities and fortresses there.[8]

— [Ibn Battuta](/source/Ibn_Battuta), 1304–1369

The area was subsequently ruled by the [Timurids](/source/Timurids) and [Mughals](/source/Mughal_Empire) until [Ahmad Shah Durrani](/source/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani) made it part of the [Durrani Empire](/source/Durrani_Empire) in 1747. In 1840, Parwan was the site of a major battle in the [First Anglo-Afghan War](/source/First_Anglo-Afghan_War) where the invading [British](/source/Company_rule_in_India) were defeated.[6] Parwan's modern history began with the construction of a new textile factory in the town of [Jabal Saraj](/source/Jabal_Saraj) in 1937.[6] Parwan was involved in the [Soviet–Afghan War](/source/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War) as some of the fiercest fightings took place in the area.[9] In the 1990s it was the site of heavy resistance against the [Taliban](/source/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)).

### Recent history

Computer class at the Korean Education and Cultural Center in Parwan.

Following the removal of the Taliban in late 2001, the [United States Armed Forces](/source/United_States_Armed_Forces) took control of [Bagram Air Base](/source/Bagram_Airfield) and began using it as one of their main bases in Afghanistan. A [Provincial Reconstruction Team](/source/Provincial_Reconstruction_Team) (PRT) led by [South Korea](/source/South_Korea) helped the locals with development activities in the province until 2014.[10] In mid-February 2011, five [rocket-propelled grenades](/source/Rocket-propelled_grenade) hit the newly built South Korean military base housing the provincial reconstruction team and civilian aid workers. No one was injured in the attack, but it came hours after a visit by South Korean Defense Minister [Kim Kwan-jin](/source/Kim_Kwan-jin), raising suspicions of [Taliban](/source/Taliban) involvement. The opening ceremony of the base was postponed indefinitely.[11]

A plan to build a power plant in the province is under consideration.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] A large portion of Parwan's economy relies on remittances from the [Afghan diaspora](/source/Afghan_diaspora) living abroad.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

In July 2012, the Taliban publicly executed a married woman in front of a large crowd after she was found guilty of adultery.[12] It was reported that the woman had a secret affair with a married military commander of the [Afghan National Army](/source/Afghan_National_Army). In August 2021, Parwan was captured by the [Taliban](/source/Taliban) during their [offensive](/source/2021_Taliban_offensive).

## Administrative divisions

Map of the districts of Parwan as of January 2004, prior to the redrawing of provincial and district boundaries later that year

Hisa-I-Awali Panjsher as of January 2004, at that time still part of Parwan Province

As per the figures below based on the ethnographics of each district as well as the density and therefore the inhabitability of each district, the province has a population of approximately 878,192.

Districts of Parwan Province District Capital Population (2022)[3] Area Pop. density Ethnicity[13] Bagram 117,181 381 308 60% Tajiks, 35% Pashtuns, 5% Hazara.[14] Charikar (capital) 202,210 258 783 Mixed Tajiks and Pashtuns.[15] Ghorband 109,342 908 120 Mixed Pashtuns, Tajiks and Hazaras.[16] Jabal Saraj 72,345 99 730 Tajiks.[17][18] Kohi Safi 35,075 569 62 Predominantly Pashtuns.[18] Salang 29,362 547 54 Predominantly Tajiks, few Pashtuns.[19] Sayed Khel 51,549 31 1,639 Mix Tajiks and Pashtuns.[18] Used to be part of Jabal Saraj District. Sheikh Ali 27,901 913 31 Predominantly Hazaras.[20] Shinwari 46,501 722 64 Predominantly Pashtuns.[18] Surkhi Parsa 46,234 1,152 40 Predominantly Hazaras.[21] Parwan 737,700 5,715 129 Majority Tajik, notable minorities include Hazaras and Pashtuns.

## Demographics

Further information: [Demography of Afghanistan](/source/Demography_of_Afghanistan)

### Population

As of 2020, the total population of the province is about 751,000,[3] which is multi-ethnic and mostly a rural society. 8 percent of the population lived below the national [poverty line](/source/Poverty_line), the second lowest figure in Afghanistan behind only [Logar Province](/source/Logar_Province).[22]

### Ethnicity, languages and religion

According to the [Naval Postgraduate School](/source/Naval_Postgraduate_School), the ethnic groups of the province are as follows: [Tajiks](/source/Tajiks), [Hazaras](/source/Hazaras), [Uzbeks](/source/Uzbeks), [Pashtuns](/source/Pashtuns), [Kuchis](/source/Kuchi_people) and other minority groups.[23] According to Afghanistan's [Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development](/source/Ministry_of_Rural_Rehabilitation_and_Development):

Around three quarters (73%) of the population of Parwan lives in rural districts, while one quarter (27%) lives in urban areas, Around 50% of the population is male and 50% is female. [Persian](/source/Persian_language) ([Dari](/source/Dari) dialect) and [Pashto](/source/Pashto_language) are the main languages spoken in the province; however Persian speakers outnumber Pashto speakers by a ratio of 5 to 2.[4] Parwan province also has a population of [Kuchis](/source/Kuchi_people) or nomads whose numbers vary in different seasons. In winter 30,290 Kuchi live in Parwan province, of which 66% are short-range migratory and the remaining 34% are long-range migratory. During the summer, Kuchi migrate to Parwan province from Laghman, Kapisa, Baghlan and to a lesser extent from Kabul, Nangarhar and Kunar. The Kuchi population in the summer is 121,517 individuals.[24]

Estimated ethnolinguistic and -religious composition Ethnicity Persian-speaking people Pashtun Turkmen Others Sources Period Tajik/ Farsiwan Hazara Qizilbash

2004–2021 (Islamic Republic) 71 – 81% 18 – 29% 0 – 1% ∅ 2020 EU[25] 1st 3rd – 2nd – – 2018 UN[26] 70% 11% – 18%[b] 1% – 2015 CP[27] major ∅ ∅ major[c] – ∅[d] 2015 NPS[18] ∅ ∅ ∅ ∅[e] – ∅[d] 2011 PRT[28] 71% 29%[b] – – 2011 USA[29] 71% – 29% – – 2009 ISW[30] major ∅ ∅ major – –

Legend: ∅: Ethnicity mentioned in source but not quantified –: Ethnicity not mentioned specifically Source abbreviations: Empirical sources: –, Government sources: EU – European Union Agency for Asylum, CP – Colombo Plan, PRT – Provincial Reconstruction Team of the United States government, UN – United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, Editorial sources: ISW – Institute for the Study of War, NPS – Naval Postgraduate School, USA – United States Army

### Education

Further information: [Education in Afghanistan](/source/Education_in_Afghanistan)

The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) fell from 37% in 2005 to 28% in 2011.[31] The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 42% in 2005 to 54% in 2011.[31]

### Health

Further information: [Health in Afghanistan](/source/Health_in_Afghanistan)

The percentage of households with clean drinking water fell from 32% in 2005 to 11% in 2011.[31] The percentage of births attended to by a skilled birth attendant increased from 4% in 2005 to 7% in 2011.[31]

## Gallery

	- Images of Parwan Province

		- Near the [Shibar Pass](/source/Shibar_Pass) that connects Parwan to Bamyan.

		- A road in the Parwan Province, near the Sayed Bridge which is located short distance north from [Bagram Air Base](/source/Bagram_Airfield).

		- Fields near the Sayed Bridge

		- School girls in a rural area of Parwan

		- A member of the [Afghan National Police](/source/Afghan_National_Police) trying to control local children awaiting the distribution of goods from the U.S. military for the winter months.

		- Afghan women working inside a factory in Parwan

## See also

- [Provinces of Afghanistan](/source/Provinces_of_Afghanistan)

- [Battle of Parwan](/source/Battle_of_Parwan)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** - [Pashto](/source/Pashto_language): پروان, [romanized](/source/Romanization_of_Pashto): *Parwān*, pronounced [\[pɐɾˈwɑn\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto) - [Dari](/source/Dari_language): پروان, romanized: *Parwān*, cyrillized: Парвон, pronounced [\[pʰɐɾˈwɑːn\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-k_28-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-k_28-1) excl. [Kuchi](/source/Kochis).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** incl. [Kuchi](/source/Kochis).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-u_31-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-u_31-1) incl. [Uzbek](/source/Uzbeks).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** incl. [Wardak](/source/Wardak_(Pashtun_tribe)), [Safi](/source/Safi_(tribe)) and [Kuchi](/source/Kochis).

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["د پروان د استخباراتو نوي رييس په کار پيل وکړ"](https://bakhtarnews.af/ps/د-پروان-د-استخباراتو-نوي-رييس-په-کار-پيل/). *باختر خبری آژانس*. November 4, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["نشست محاکم پروان برگزار شد"](https://bakhtarnews.af/dr/نشست-محاکم-پروان-برگزار-شد/). *آژانس خبری باختر*. August 31, 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-nsia_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-nsia_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-nsia_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-nsia_3-3) ["Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021-22"](https://www.nsia.gov.af:8080/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Estimated-Population-of-Afghanistan1-1400.pdf) (PDF). National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204559/https://www.nsia.gov.af:8080/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Estimated-Population-of-Afghanistan1-1400.pdf) (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-demography_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-demography_4-1) ["Parwan Provincial profile"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150601175600/http://www.mrrd-nabdp.org/attachments/article/249/Parwan%20Provincial%20Profile.pdf) (PDF). *[United Nations](/source/United_Nations)*. Afghanistan's [Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development](/source/Ministry_of_Rural_Rehabilitation_and_Development). Archived from the original on June 1, 2015. Retrieved June 1, 2015. Persian and Pashto are the main languages spoken in the province; however Persian speakers outnumber Pashto speakers by a ratio of 5 to 2.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Gupta, Kanika (July 9, 2021). ["I Didn't Expect to Find This in Afghanistan"](https://www.fodors.com/news/trip-ideas/i-didnt-expect-to-find-this-in-afghanistan). *Fodors Travel Guide*. Retrieved February 22, 2023.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-EI_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-EI_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-EI_7-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-EI_7-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-EI_7-4) [Frye, Richard Nelson](/source/Richard_Nelson_Frye) (1999). "Farran (also Parwan)". *[Encyclopaedia of Islam](/source/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam)* CD-ROM Edition v. 1.0. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. Retrieved on December 18, 2007.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ISW_8-0)** ["Regional Command East: Parwan Province"](http://www.understandingwar.org/region/regional-command-east#Parwan). Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved June 16, 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Ibn Battuta (2004). [*Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325-1354*](https://books.google.com/books?id=zKqn_CWTxYEC&pg=PA179) (reprint, illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 179. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-415-34473-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-34473-5). Retrieved September 10, 2010.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Charikar"](http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Charikar.html). *[The Columbia Encyclopedia](/source/The_Columbia_Encyclopedia)* (Sixth ed.). Columbia University Press. 2007. Retrieved December 19, 2007.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Ha-won, Jung (July 2, 2010). ["Rocket attack on Korean compound in Parwan"](https://web.archive.org/web/20141215105148/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2922615). *[Joongang Daily](/source/Joongang_Daily)*. Archived from [the original](http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2922615) on December 15, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Moon, Gwang-lip (December 2, 2011). ["Taliban strike on Koreans confirmed"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110713115314/http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2932108). *Joongang Daily*. Archived from [the original](http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2932108) on July 13, 2011. Retrieved November 2, 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Video: Afghan Taliban publicly execute woman - World news - South and Central Asia - Afghanistan - msnbc.com"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120708111000/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48105731/ns/world_news-south_and_central_asia/). July 8, 2012. Archived from [the original](https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48105731/ns/world_news-south_and_central_asia/) on July 8, 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["FAO in Afghanistan | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations"](https://www.fao.org/afghanistan/en/). *www.fao.org*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** [District profiles. Bagram](https://web.archive.org/web/20051027172430/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/centra/parwan/bagram.pdf) aims.org.af

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** [District profiles. Charikar](https://web.archive.org/web/20051220110957/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/centra/parwan/charikar.pdf) aims.org.af

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** [District profiles. Siagard](https://web.archive.org/web/20051027173732/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/centra/parwan/siagerd.pdf) aims.org.af

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** [District profiles. Jabak Saraj](https://web.archive.org/web/20051027182711/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/centra/parwan/jabalsarraj.pdf) aims.org.af

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-nps_19-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-nps_19-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-nps_19-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-nps_19-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-nps_19-4) [East tribal map](https://nps.edu/documents/105988371/107571254/East_tribal_map07.pdf/e48b5c16-800d-42bb-9e24-3d84ac394666) npsu.edu Cite error: The named reference "nps" was defined multiple times with different content (see the [help page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_duplicate_key)).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** [District profiles. Salang](https://web.archive.org/web/20051027172457/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/centra/parwan/salang.pdf) aims.org.af

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** [District profiles. Sheikh Ali](https://web.archive.org/web/20051027181212/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/centra/parwan/shaikh_ali.pdf) aims.org.af

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** [District profiles. Lolinge](https://web.archive.org/web/20051027173703/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/centra/parwan/lolinge.pdf) aims.org.af

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Giustozzi, Antonio (August 29, 2012). [*Decoding the New Taliban: Insights from the Afghan Field*](https://books.google.com/books?id=nynR_73lsuYC&pg=PA255). C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781849042260](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849042260) – via Google Books.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["Parwan Province"](http://www.nps.edu/programs/ccs/Parwan.html). *Program for Culture & Conflict Studies*. [Naval Postgraduate School](/source/Naval_Postgraduate_School). Retrieved June 16, 2013. The population of approximately 560,000 is composed of Pashtun, Tajik, Uzbek, Qizilbash, Kuchi, Hazara, Turkmen and other minority groups.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** ["Parwan Province: B. Demography and Population"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120425132656/http://www.mrrd-nabdp.org/Provincial%20Profiles/Parwan%20PDP%20Provincial%20profile.pdf) (PDF). *[United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan](/source/United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_in_Afghanistan) and Afghanistan Statistical Yearbook 2006, Central Statistics Office*. Afghanistan's [Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development](/source/Ministry_of_Rural_Rehabilitation_and_Development). Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** ["Country Guidance: Afghanistan. Common analysis and guidance note"](https://www.euaa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/Country_Guidance_Afghanistan_2020_0.pdf) (PDF). [European Union Agency for Asylum](/source/European_Union_Agency_for_Asylum). 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-unama_27-0)** Ramizpoor (2018). ["Afghan People's Dialogue on Peace: Local Road Maps for Peace – Kabul and Surrounding Provinces"](https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/afghan_peoples_dialogue_34_roadmaps_on_peace_english.pdf) (PDF). [United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan](/source/United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_in_Afghanistan). Retrieved November 25, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** ["Faryab Province - Afghanistan National Drug Use Survey"](https://www.colombo-plan.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Afghanistan-National-Drug-Use-Survey-2015-compressed.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved December 13, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** ["Afghanistan Provincial Reconstruction Team"](https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA550604.pdf) (PDF). February 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** ["U.S. Army Afghanistan Smart Book, Third Edition"](https://info.publicintelligence.net/AfghanSmartBook.pdf) (PDF). January 2011. Retrieved December 15, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-understandingwar_35-0)** ["Regional Command East"](https://understandingwar.org/research/middle-east/regional-command-east/). Retrieved April 15, 2009.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-cimicweb.org_36-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-cimicweb.org_36-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-cimicweb.org_36-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-cimicweb.org_36-3) ["Parwan Province"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140531105042/https://www.cimicweb.org/AfghanistanProvincialMap/Pages/Parwan.aspx). *CimicWeb*. Archived from [the original](https://www.cimicweb.org/AfghanistanProvincialMap/Pages/Parwan.aspx) on May 31, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2014.

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Parwan Province](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Parwan_Province).

- [Homayoun Afghan Special Report on the Tour of the Arghavan National Festival - Part II](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATaduXrEy3M) on [YouTube](/source/YouTube_video_(identifier)), April 16, 2019, [Ariana Television Network](/source/Ariana_Television_Network).

- [Parwan Province](http://www.nps.edu/programs/ccs/Parwan.html) by the [Naval Postgraduate School](/source/Naval_Postgraduate_School)

- [Parwan Province](http://www.understandingwar.org/region/regional-command-east#Parwan) by the [Institute for the Study of War](/source/Institute_for_the_Study_of_War)

Places adjacent to Parwan Province Baghlan Province Panjshir Province Bamyan Province Parwan Province Kapisa Province Wardak Province Kabul Province

v t e Provinces of Afghanistan since 1964 Badakhshan Badghis Baghlan Balkh Bamyan Daykundi (since 2004) Farah Faryab Ghazni Ghor Helmand Herat Jowzjan Kabul Kandahar Kapisa Khost (since 1995) Kunar Kunduz Laghman Logar Maidan Wardak Nangarhar Nimruz Nuristan (since 1988) Paktia Paktika (since 1982) Panjshir (since 2004) Parwan Samangan Sar-e-Pol (since 1988) Takhar Uruzgan Zabul Afghanistan portal

v t e Parwan Province Capital: Charikar Districts Bagram Charikar Ghorband Jabal Saraj Kohi Safi Salang Sayed Khel Shekh Ali Shinwari Surkhi Parsa Populated places Ahtaj Ashava Bagram Gulbahar Istalif Jabal Saraj Landforms Band-e Hindukush Ghorband River Koh-e Hindukush Kotal e Hindukush Kushan Pass Salang mountains Salang Pass Salang River Shibar Pass Silsilah ye Koh e Hindukush Other Governors Parwan University

Authority control databases Geographic MusicBrainz area Other NARA Yale LUX

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Parwan Province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parwan_Province) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parwan_Province?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.