# Parides proneus

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{{Short description|Species of butterfly}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Parides proneus-1.jpg
| image_caption = ''Parides proneus'' observed in Brazil
| image2 = MZLU-00129338 (51055348213).jpg
| image2_caption = ''Parides proneus'' MZLU
| genus = Parides
| species = proneus
| authority = ([Hübner](/source/Jacob_H%C3%BCbner), [1831])
| synonyms =
*''Hectorides proneus'' <small>Hübner, [1831]</small>
*''Papilio phryneus'' <small>Lucas, 1852</small>
*''Papilio fallax'' <small>Röber, 1925</small>
}}

'''''Parides proneus''''' is a species of [butterfly](/source/butterfly) in the family [Papilionidae](/source/Papilionidae). It is found in [Brazil](/source/Brazil) and [Paraguay](/source/Paraguay).

==Description==
Males and females:both wings with narrow white band, the red submarginal spots of the hindwing straight or slightly curved; anal spot not v-shaped. No discal spot proximal of the anal submarginal one. Width of central band and
the number of spots composing it on hindwing variable.<ref>
Jordan, K., in Seitz, A. ( 1907) . ''The Macrolepidoptera of the World''. 5: The Macrolepidoptera of the American faunistic region. Papilionidae 1-45. {{PD-notice}}</ref>
A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906).<ref name="RothJord">Rothschild, W. & Jordan, K. (1906). [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/8/mode/2up "A revision of the American Papilios"]. ''[Novitates Zoologicae](/source/Novitates_Zoologicae)''. '''13''': 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) {{PD-notice}}</ref>

==Life cycle==
The larva feeds on ''[Aristolochia](/source/Aristolochia) melastoma''.

==Taxonomy==
''Parides  phalaecus'' is a member of the ''ascanius'' [species group](/source/Species_complex)<ref name="RothJord"/>
<ref>Edwin Möhn, 2007 ''Butterflies of the World'', Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. ''Parides'' Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag 
Goecke & Evers {{ISBN|9783937783277}}</ref> ("Fringe-spots white. Hindwing with submarginal spots and usnally also discal spots or dots, or a discal band; a quadrate whitish spot in space 2 of the forewing; mostly with tail). A quadrate whitish spot in space 2 of the forewings is quite peculiar of the ''ascanius group''<ref>Racheli, Tommaso an Olmisani. Luca 1998. A cladistic analysis of the genus ''Parides'' Hubner, [1819], based on androconial structures (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). ''Neue Ent. Nachr''. (Marktleuthen),41:119-131.[http://www.zobodat.at/stable/pdf/Neue-Entomologische-Nachrichten_41_0119-0131.pdf pdf]</ref>

The members are
:*''[Parides agavus](/source/Parides_agavus)'' <small>(Drury, 1782)</small>
:*''[Parides alopius](/source/Parides_alopius)'' <small>(Godman & Salvin, [1890])</small> 
:*''[Parides ascanius](/source/Parides_ascanius)'' <small>(Cramer, [1775])</small> 
:*''[Parides bunichus](/source/Parides_bunichus)'' <small>(Hübner, [1821])</small>
:*''[Parides gundlachianus](/source/Parides_gundlachianus)'' <small>(C. & R. Felder, 1864)</small> 
:*''[Parides montezuma](/source/Parides_montezuma)'' <small>(Westwood, 1842)</small> 
:*''[Parides phalaecus](/source/Parides_phalaecus)'' <small>(Hewitson, 1869)</small>
:*''[Parides photinus](/source/Parides_photinus)'' <small>(Doubleday, 1844)</small> 
:*''Parides proneus'' <small>(Hübner, [1831])</small>

==Status==
A common species and not known to be threatened.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Collins |first1=N. Mark |last2=Morris |first2=Michael G. |title=Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98674#page/7/mode/1up |year=1985 |publisher=[IUCN](/source/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature) |location=Gland & Cambridge |isbn=978-2-88032-603-6 |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

*Möhn, Edwin (2006). ''Schmetterlinge der Erde.'' Butterflies of the World Part XXVI (26), Papilionidae XIII. ''Parides''. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books. {{ISBN|978-3-937783-27-7}} (Supplement 13 in English - by Racheli)

==External links==
*[http://en.butterflycorner.net/Parides-proneus.1451.0.html Butterfly Corner]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Images from [Naturhistorisches Museum Wien](/source/Naturhistorisches_Museum)
*[http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/parides_proneus_types.htm Images] of the [type](/source/Holotype) specimen

{{Taxonbar|from=Q13488978}}

Category:Butterflies described in 1831
proneus
Category:Swallowtail butterflies of South America
Category:Taxa named by Jacob Hübner
Category:Lepidoptera of Brazil

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Parides proneus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parides_proneus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parides_proneus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.