# Paraspadella

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Genus of marine worms

Paraspadella Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chaetognatha Class: Sagittoidea Order: Phragmophora Family: Spadellidae Genus: Paraspadella von Salvini-Plawen, 1986[1]

***Paraspadella*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [chaetognaths](/source/Chaetognatha) in the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Spadellidae](/source/Spadellidae). *Paraspadella* was originally considered as *[Spadella](/source/Spadella)* before a revision separated that genus into three genera: *Spadella*, *Paraspadella*, and *Gephyrospadella*,[1] the last of which is now synonymised to *Paraspadella*.[2] The initial division was based on previous knowledge of three groups of *Spadella*, in a similar manner in which *[Sagitta](/source/Sagitta)* was divided into a family of genera.[3] *Paraspadella* is differentiated from *Spadella* by the presence of disparate (digital) adhesive organs, present in the former to various degrees, but entirely absent in the latter.[1]

## Species

- *[Paraspadella anops](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraspadella_anops&action=edit&redlink=1)* Bowman & Bieri, 1989[2]

- *[Paraspadella caecafea](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraspadella_caecafea&action=edit&redlink=1)* (von Salvini-Plawen, 1986)[1]

- *[Paraspadella gotoi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraspadella_gotoi&action=edit&redlink=1)* Casanova, 1990[4]

- *[Paraspadella johnstoni](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraspadella_johnstoni&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Mawson, 1944)[5]

- *[Paraspadella legazpichessi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraspadella_legazpichessi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Alvariño, 1981)[6]

- *[Paraspadella nana](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraspadella_nana&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Owre, 1963)[7]

- *[Paraspadella pimukatharos](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraspadella_pimukatharos&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Alvariño, 1987)[8]

- *[Paraspadella pulchella](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraspadella_pulchella&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Owre, 1963)[7]

- *[Paraspadella schizoptera](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraspadella_schizoptera&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Conant, 1895)[9]

- *[Paraspadella sheardi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paraspadella_sheardi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Mawson, 1944)[5]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-von_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-von_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-von_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-von_1-3) von Salvini-Plawen, L. (1986). Systematic notes on *Spadella* and on the Chaetognatha in general. *Zeitschrift für Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung*, 24(2), 122–128.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Bowman_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Bowman_2-1) Bowman, T. & Bieri, R. (1989). *Paraspadella anops*, new species, from Sagittarius Cave, Grand Bahama Island, the second troglobitic chaetognath. *Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington*, 102(3), 586–589.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Tokioka, T. (1965). The taxonomical outline of Chaetognatha. *Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory*, 12(5), 335–357.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Casanova, J. (1990). A new species of *Paraspadella* (Chaetognatha) from the coastal waters of Japan. *Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington*, 103(4), 907–912.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Mawson_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Mawson_5-1) Mawson, P. M. (1944). Some species of the chaetognath genus *Spadella* from New South Wales. *Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia*, 68, 327–333.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Alvariño, A. (1981). *Spadella legazpichessi*, a new benthic chaetognath from Enewetak, Marshall Islands. *Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington*, 94, 107–121.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Owre_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Owre_7-1) Owre, H. B. (1963). The genus *Spadella* (Chaetognatha) in the western North Atlantic Ocean with descriptions of two new species. *Bulletin of Marine Science*, 13, 378–390.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Alvariño, A. (1987). *Spadella pimukatharos*, a new benthic chaetognath from Santa Catalina Island, California. *Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington*, 100, 125–133.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Conant, F. S. (1895). Description of two new chaetognaths: *Spadella schizoptera* and *Sagitta hispida*. *Johns Hopkins University Circulars*, 14(119), 77–78.

Taxon identifiers Paraspadella Wikidata: Q2054325 Wikispecies: Paraspadella BOLD: 27765 CoL: 84RRB GBIF: 2307082 IRMNG: 1350087 ITIS: 158667 NCBI: 34757 Open Tree of Life: 321957 WoRMS: 264926

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Paraspadella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraspadella) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraspadella?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.