# Paraparaba > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Paraparaba > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Paraparaba.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraparaba > Source revision: 1301043275 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) ***Paraparaba*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [land planarians](/source/Land_planarian) from South America. ## Description Species of the genus *Paraparaba* have a slender body with nearly parallel margins while creeping. The largest specimens may reach about 8 cm in length. Both sides of the body are slightly convex. The [pharynx](/source/Pharynx) is cylindrical and the prostatic vesicle is extrabulbar. The [copulatory apparatus](/source/Reproductive_system_of_planarians) has a permanent, protrusible, conical penis occupying the entire male cavity, which is unfolded, and the female cavity is rounded and filled with a multilayered [epithelium](/source/Epithelium).[1] ## Taxonomy Species in the genus *Paraparaba* were first assigned to a genus named *Paraba*, of which the chosen type species was *Geoplana multicolor* Graff, 1899. However, this was based on specimens that are not conspecific with the [holotype](/source/Holotype) of *Geoplana multicolor*. An analysis of the holotype indicated that it matches the definition of the genus *[Geoplana](/source/Geoplana)* and not *Paraba*. This made *Paraba* become a junior synonym of *Geoplana* and the new name *Paraparaba* was chosen to include species previously in *Paraba*.[2] ## Etymology *Paraparaba* means multicolored, with many colors in the [Tupi language](/source/Tupi_language). It is formed by a reduplication of the word *Paraba* meaning variegated, and alludes to the name of the species *Geoplana multicolor*, which was originally chosen as the type species of *Paraba*. The name could also be interpreted as coming from [Greek](/source/Greek_language) *para*, beside, plus the name of the former genus *Paraba*.[2] ## Species The following species are recognised in the genus *Paparaba*: - *[Paraparaba aurantia](/source/Paraparaba_aurantia)* Marques & Leal-Zanchet, 2022[3] - *[Paraparaba bresslaui](/source/Paraparaba_bresslaui)* (Schirch, 1929)[4] - *[Paraparaba caapora](/source/Paraparaba_caapora)* (Froehlich, 1958) - *[Paraparaba cassula](/source/Paraparaba_cassula)* (E. M. Froehlich, 1955) - *[Paraparaba franciscana](/source/Paraparaba_franciscana)* (Leal-Zanchet & Carbayo, 2001) - *[Paraparaba gaucha](/source/Paraparaba_gaucha)* (Froehlich, 1959) - *[Paraparaba goettei](/source/Paraparaba_goettei)* (Schirch, 1929) - *[Paraparaba hortulana](/source/Paraparaba_hortulana)* Rossi & Leal-Zanchet, 2023[5] - *[Paraparaba iguassuensis](/source/Paraparaba_iguassuensis)* Peres, Rossi & Leal-Zanchet, 2020[6] - *[Paraparaba incognita](/source/Paraparaba_incognita)* (Riester, 1938) - *[Paraparaba impositrix](/source/Paraparaba_impositrix)* Rossi, Boll & Leal-Zanchet, 2024[2] - *[Paraparaba pankaru](/source/Paraparaba_pankaru)* Amaral & Leal-Zanchet, 2019 - *[Paraparaba phocaica](/source/Paraparaba_phocaica)* (Marcus, 1951) - *[Paraparaba piriana](/source/Paraparaba_piriana)* (Almeida & Carbayo, 2012) - *[Paraparaba preta](/source/Paraparaba_preta)* (Riester, 1938) - *[Paraparaba pseudogaucha](/source/Paraparaba_pseudogaucha)* Rossi & Leal-Zanchet, 2023[5] - *[Paraparaba rubidolineata](/source/Paraparaba_rubidolineata)* (Baptista & Leal-Zanchet, 2005) - *[Paraparaba smaragdina](/source/Paraparaba_smaragdina)* Rossi, Negrete & Leal-Zanchet, 2020[6] - *[Paraparaba suva](/source/Paraparaba_suva)* (Froehlich, 1959) - *[Paraparaba tapira](/source/Paraparaba_tapira)* (Froehlich, 1958) - *[Paraparaba tata](/source/Paraparaba_tata)* Bolonhezi, Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, 2020 - *[Paraparaba tingauna](/source/Paraparaba_tingauna)* (Kishimoto & Carbayo, 2012) - *[Paraparaba viricornuta](/source/Paraparaba_viricornuta)* Rossi & Leal-Zanchet, 2023[5] ## References 1. Carbayo, F.; Álvarez-Presas, M.; Olivares, C. U. T.; Marques, F. P. L.; Froehlich, E. X. M.; Riutort, M. (2013). "Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: Proposal of taxonomic actions". *Zoologica Scripta*. **42** (5): 508. [doi:10.1111/zsc.12019](https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12019) 1. Rossi, Ilana; Boll, Piter Kehoma; Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2024). "Multispecies multicolor: Resolving the century-old taxonomic trouble of *Geoplana multicolor* (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae)". *Zoologia (Curitiba)*. **41**. [doi:10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e23093](https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e23093) 1. Marques, Alessandro Damasceno; Hartmann, Alef; Valiati, Victor Hugo; Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (9 November 2022). ["Two new land planarian species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from the Cerrado biome in southwestern Brazil"](http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFF4EE2C0027FFA3877E122EB4394E47). *Zootaxa*. **5205** (4): 301–330. [doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.1](https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5205.4.1). [ISSN 1175-5326](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1175-5326). [PMID 37045429](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37045429) 1. Silva, Marcos Santos & Carbayo, Fernando (10 February 2020). "X-ray microcomputed tomography applied to the taxonomic study of rare material: redescriptions of seven of Schirch's Brazilian species of land planarians (Geoplanidae, Platyhelminthes)". *ZooKeys*. '***(910): 1–42. [Bibcode:2020ZooK..910....1S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ZooK..910....1S). [doi:10.3897/zookeys.910.39486](https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.910.39486). [ISSN 1313-2989](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1313-2989). [PMC 7026197](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026197). [PMID 32099514](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32099514)*** 1. Rossi, Ilana & Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria (2023). "Hidden diversity under stripes: three new species of land flatworms of the genus Paraba (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) from the southern Atlantic forest". *Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment*. **59** (2): 509–536. [doi:10.1080/01650521.2023.2278220](https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2023.2278220) 1. Rossi, Ilana; Peres, Jéssica Cardoso; Negrete, Lisandro; Leal-Zanchet, Ana (September 2020). "Increasing the species diversity of the genus Paraba (Platyhelminthes) with the description of two new species from the southern atlantic forest". *Zoologischer Anzeiger*. **288**: 11–23. [Bibcode:2020ZooAn.288...11R](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ZooAn.288...11R). [doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2020.06.003](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2020.06.003). [hdl:11336/136597](https://hdl.handle.net/11336/136597). [ISSN 0044-5231](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0044-5231) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Paraparaba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraparaba) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraparaba?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.