# Panray

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{{Short description|Genus of cartilaginous fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|50|0|[Early Eocene](/source/Early_Eocene) to present}}
| image = Zanobatus schoenleinii.jpg
| image_caption = [Striped panray](/source/Striped_panray), ''Zanobatus schoenleinii''
| parent_authority = [Fowler](/source/Henry_Weed_Fowler), 1928
| taxon = Zanobatus
| authority = [Garman](/source/Samuel_Garman), 1913
| subdivision_ranks = [Species](/source/Species)
| subdivision = 2, ''see text''
| synonyms = 
}}

The '''panrays''' are a [genus](/source/genus), '''''Zanobatus''''', of [rays](/source/Batoidea) found in coastal parts of the warm East Atlantic Ocean, ranging from [Morocco](/source/Morocco) to [Angola](/source/Angola).<ref name=LastWhite2016>{{cite book| editor1=Last|editor2=White|editor3=de Carvalho|editor4=Séret|editor5=Stehmann|editor6=Naylor | title=Rays of the World | year=2016 | publisher=[CSIRO](/source/CSIRO) | pages=134–136 | isbn=9780643109148 }}</ref> It is the [only genus](/source/Monotypic_taxon) in the family '''Zanobatidae''', which is included in the [Myliobatiformes](/source/Myliobatiformes) order,<ref name = ECoF>{{cite web|url=https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-classification|title=Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification|access-date=29 October 2024|publisher=[California Academy of Sciences](/source/California_Academy_of_Sciences)}}</ref> but based on genetic evidence some authorities place it in [Rhinopristiformes](/source/Rhinopristiformes)<ref>{{cite book| author1=Naylor, G.J.P.|author2=Caira, J.N.|author3=Jensen, K.|author4=Rosana, K.A.M.|author5=Straube, N.|author6=Lakner, C. | year=2012 | title=Elasmobranch Phylogeny: A Mitochondrial Estimate Based on 595 Species | editor1=Carrier, J.C.|editor2=Musick, J.A.|editor3=Heithaus, M.R. | work=Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives | edition=2 | publisher=CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida | pages=31–56}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| author1=Aschliman|author2=Nishida|author3=Miya|author4=Inoue|author5=Rosana|author6=Naylord | year=2012 | title=Body plan convergence in the evolution of skates and rays (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=63 | issue=1 | pages=28–42 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.012|pmid=22209858 |bibcode=2012MolPE..63...28A }}</ref> or a [sister taxon](/source/sister_taxon) to Rhinopristiformes.<ref>{{cite journal| author1=Last, P.R.|author2=Séret, B.|author3=Naylor, G.J.P. | year=2016 | title=A new species of guitarfish, Rhinobatos borneensis sp. nov. with a redefinition of the family-level classification in the order Rhinopristiformes (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea) | journal=Zootaxa | volume=4117 | issue=4 | pages=451–475 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4117.4.1 | pmid=27395187|url=http://publication.plazi.org/id/C549FF88FFFA0209FFFEED4BFFE2FFCE }}</ref>

The two species of panrays are generally poorly known and one of the species was only [scientifically described](/source/scientifically_described) in 2016.<ref name=LastWhite2016/><ref name=Seret2016>{{cite journal| author=Séret, B. | year=2016 | title=Zanobatus maculatus, a new species of panray from the Gulf of Guinea, eastern central Atlantic (Elasmobranchii: Batoidea: Zanobatidae) | journal=Zootaxa | volume=4161 | issue=4 | pages=509–522 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4161.4.2 | pmid=27615946 }}</ref> They are up to about {{convert|60|cm|ft|abbr=on|0}} long, and brownish above with a heavily mottled, blotched or barred dark pattern. They are [ovoviviparous](/source/ovoviviparous) and feed on [benthic](/source/benthic) invertebrates.<ref name=LastWhite2016/>

==Species==
There are two recognized species in the genus:<ref name=LastWhite2016/><ref name=Seret2016/>

* ''[Zanobatus maculatus](/source/Zanobatus_maculatus)'' {{small|[Séret](/source/Bernard_S%C3%A9ret), 2016}}
* ''[Zanobatus schoenleinii](/source/Zanobatus_schoenleinii)'' {{small|([J. P. Müller](/source/Johannes_Peter_M%C3%BCller) & [Henle](/source/Friedrich_Gustav_Jakob_Henle), 1841)}}
[[File:Die eocänen Selachier vom Monte Bolca (Plate II (photograph)) BHL8573513.jpg|left|thumb|Fossil specimen of ''[Plesiozanobatus](/source/Plesiozanobatus)'']]
A fossil relative, †''[Plesiozanobatus](/source/Plesiozanobatus)'' <small>Marramà ''et al'', 2020</small> is known from the [Early Eocene](/source/Ypresian)-aged [Monte Bolca](/source/Monte_Bolca) site of Italy. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marramà |first=Giuseppe |last2=Carnevale |first2=Giorgio |last3=Claeson |first3=Kerin M. |last4=Naylor |first4=Gavin J. P. |last5=Kriwet |first5=Jürgen |date=2020-07-13 |title=Revision of the Eocene ‘<i>Platyrhina</i>’ species from the Bolca Lagerstätte (Italy) reveals the first panray (Batomorphii: Zanobatidae) in the fossil record |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2020.1783380 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=18 |issue=18 |pages=1519–1542 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2020.1783380 |issn=1477-2019 |pmc=7455076 |pmid=32939187 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230304015814/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2020.1783380 |archive-date=2023-03-04}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3574764}}

Category:Batomorphi genera
Category:Taxa named by Samuel Garman
Category:Myliobatiformes

{{batoid-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Panray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panray) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panray?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.