# Pango > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Pango > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Pango.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pango > Source revision: 1355180621 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{short description|Library for text rendering}} {{Other uses}} {{use DMY dates|date=July 2025}} {{Infobox software | name = Pango | title = | logo = Pango-name.svg | logo size = 200px | logo alt = Pango name written as intended, it consist of Greek ''pan'' (παν, "all") and Japanese ''go'' (語, "language") | logo caption = Pango name written as intended | collapsible = | author = Owen Taylor[https://www.osnews.com/story/5453 Interview: Red Hat's Owen Taylor on GTK+], '' also known for his contributions on Pango.'', by Eugenia Loli, 19th Dec 2003
[Raph Levien](/source/Raph_Levien) | developer = [Behdad Esfahbod](/source/Behdad_Esfahbod) | released = {{Start date and age|1999|07|11|df=yes}}[https://people.redhat.com/otaylor/pango-mirror/download.shtml Pango], Made version 0.2, Owen Taylor, redhat.com | latest release version = {{wikidata|property|edit|reference|P348}} | latest release date = {{start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|P348|P577}}}} | programming language = [C](/source/C_(programming_language)) | operating system = [Unix-like](/source/Unix-like), [Microsoft Windows](/source/Microsoft_Windows), Other | platform = | size = | language = | language count = | language footnote = | genre = [Software development library](/source/Library_(computing)) | license = [LGPL](/source/LGPL) | alexa = | website = {{URL|https://www.gtk.org/docs/architecture/pango}} | standard = | AsOf = }} '''Pango''' (stylized as Παν語) is a text (i.e. [glyph](/source/glyph)) layout engine [library](/source/library_(computing)) which works with the [HarfBuzz](/source/HarfBuzz) shaping engine for displaying multi-language text.{{cite web|url=https://www.gtk.org/docs/architecture/pango|title=Pango website|access-date=19 July 2025}} Full-function rendering of text and cross-platform support is achieved when Pango is used with platform APIs or third-party libraries, such as [Uniscribe](/source/Uniscribe) and [FreeType](/source/FreeType), as text rendering [backend](/source/Front_and_back_ends)s. Pango-processed text will appear similar under different operating systems.{{clarify|date=November 2012}} Pango is a special-purpose library for text and not a general-purpose graphics rendering library such as [Cairo](/source/Cairo_(graphics)), with which Pango can be used. The Cairo documentation recommends Pango be used to "render" text rather than Cairo for all but the simplest text "rendering".{{cite web|url=https://cairographics.org/manual/cairo-text.html|title=Cairo: A Vector Graphics Library: text|access-date=27 November 2015}} == History and naming == The name pango comes from Greek ''pan'' (παν, {{gloss|all}}) and Japanese ''go'' (語, {{gloss|language}}).{{cite web|url=https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-u-pango1/|title=The Pango connection: Part 1|website=[IBM](/source/IBM)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627223318/http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-u-pango1/|archive-date=27 June 2009|access-date=19 July 2025|url-status=dead}} In January 2000, the merger of the GScript and GnomeText projects was named Pango.{{cite web|url=https://people.redhat.com/otaylor/pango-mirror/status-000114.shtml|title=Pango - Status - 2017-11-30|author=Owen Taylor|publisher=Redhat}}{{cite web|url=https://linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2000/03/21/guadec/guadec.html?page=2|title=GNOMEs in Paris: A Report from GUADEC|quote=''The most impressive part of their presentation was the discussion on Pango (the result of the GScript and GnomeText merger)''|date=21 March 2000|author=Chuck Toporek|publisher=O'Reilly Media|url-status=dead|access-date=19 July 2025|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031331/http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2000/03/21/guadec/guadec.html?page=2}}{{cite web|url=https://www.levien.com/gnome/pango-0.1.html|title=Pango proposal, rev 0.1|author=Raph Levien|date=28 July 1999|access-date=19 July 2025}}{{cite web|url=https://people.redhat.com/otaylor/gscript/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000815092557/http://people.redhat.com/otaylor/gscript/|url-status=live|archive-date=15 August 2000|access-date=21 July 2025|title=GScript - Unicode and Complex Text Processing|quote=''The GScript project has been merged with the GnomeText project. For information about the result, named Pango, see:https://www.pango.org If you have trouble accessing that site, there is a mirror here. By Owen Taylor''}}{{cite web|url=https://www.levien.com/gnome/gnome-text.html|title=Gnome-Text API documentation|author=Raph Levien|date=10 Jul 1999|quote=''Owen Taylor is working on gscript, which has some overlap with the functions described in this interface. We're working on unifying the two api's as much as possible.''}}{{cite web|url=http://beast.testbit.eu/_mirror/gnome-news/946276088.html|title=GNOME Developer's Interview Follow-up|first=Ali|last=Abdin|date=1999|website=beast.testbit.eu|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602195924/http://beast.testbit.eu/_mirror/gnome-news/946276088.html|archive-date=2 June 2013|quote=''Pango (which is the code name for a merger of my Gscript project and Raph Levien's GnomeText project) is a modular set of libraries for doing layout and rendering of international text. It's a bit similar to Microsoft's Uniscript or Apple's ATSUI.''}} Pango version 1.0.0 was released 11 March 2002.{{cite web|url=http://gtk.org/pango-1.0.0-announce.html|title=Pango 1.0.0 released|access-date=20 February 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020402201452/http://gtk.org/pango-1.0.0-announce.html|archive-date=2 April 2002}}{{cite web|url=https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2002-March/msg00022.html|title=GTK user interface libraries, version 2.0|access-date= 19 July 2025}} ==Support for OpenType features== thumb|250px|Default rendering above, localized Romanian rendering below Pango 1.17 and newer support the '{{not a typo|locl}}' feature tag that allows localized glyphs to be used for the same Unicode code point. Assuming you have [Verdana](/source/Verdana) version 5.01 installed, which supports the 'locl' feature for the latn/ROM (Romanian) script, a quick demonstration (on Linux) is: for lang in en ro do pango-view \ --font="Verdana 64" \ --text "şţ vs. șț in $lang" \ --language=$lang done For an explanation of the substitutions rules for Romanian, see this [discussion](/source/Romanian_alphabet). Setting the locale via the POSIX environment variable, e.g. LANG=ro_RO.UTF-8 will also cause Pango to use 'locl' font feature. Finally, you can change the language on the fly in the same text using [https://docs.gtk.org/Pango/pango_markup.html Pango markup], e.g.: pango-view \ --font="Verdana 24" \ --markup \ --text 'In the same text: şţ(en) and şţ(ro).' Since 1.37.1, Pango added more attributes to provide complete support for processing OpenType feature.{{cite web | url = https://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/pango/1.37/pango-1.37.1.news | title = Overview of changes between 1.37.0 and 1.37.1 | access-date = 18 August 2015}}{{cite web | url = https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=738505 | title = Bug 738505 - Add fontfeatures support in PangoAttributes and markup | publisher = GNOME Bugzilla | access-date = 18 August 2015}}{{cite web | url = http://tavmjong.free.fr/blog/?p=1442 | title = Font Features Land in Inkscape Trunk | publisher = Tavmjong Bah's Blog | date = 23 June 2015 | access-date = 18 August 2015}} ==Major users== [[File:GTK+ software architecture.svg|thumb|Simplified software architecture of [GTK](/source/GTK). Pango, [GDK](/source/GDK), [ATK](/source/Accessibility_Toolkit), [GIO](/source/GIO_(software)), [Cairo](/source/Cairo_(graphics)) and [GLib](/source/GLib).]] Pango has been integrated into most Linux distributions. The [GTK](/source/GTK) UI toolkit uses Pango for all of its text rendering.{{cite web|title=Download for GNU/Linux and Unix|url=http://www.gtk.org/download/linux.php|website=gtk.org|access-date=2017-11-30|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818111012/http://www.gtk.org/download/linux.php|archive-date=18 August 2016}} The [Linux](/source/Linux) versions of the [Mozilla Firefox](/source/Mozilla_Firefox) web browser and [Mozilla Thunderbird](/source/Mozilla_Thunderbird) mail client use Pango for text rendering.{{cite web|title=Thunderbird 52.1.0 System Requirements|url=https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/52.1.0/system-requirements/|website=mozilla.org|access-date=31 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510012333/https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/52.1.0/system-requirements/|archive-date=10 May 2017}} ==See also== {{Portal|Free and open-source software}} * [HarfBuzz](/source/HarfBuzz) (text shaping engine which is incorporated into Pango itself but can be also used stand-alone) * [Core Text](/source/Core_Text) (modern multilingual text rendering engine introduced in [Mac OS X 10.5](/source/Mac_OS_X_10.5)) * [Graphite](/source/Graphite_(smart_font_technology)) (multiplatform open source smart-font renderer) * [WorldScript](/source/WorldScript) (Old Macintosh multilingual text rendering engine) * [Typographic ligature](/source/Typographic_ligature) * [Computer font](/source/Computer_font) ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==External links== * {{Official website}} * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180112034541/http://www.pango.org/ScriptGallery |title=Script Gallery - Pango |date=2018-01-12}} * [https://fishsoup.net/bib/PangoIuc25-paper.pdf Pango, an open-source Unicode text layout engine. by Owen Taylor in Twenty fifth Internationalization and unicode conference, April 2004]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706025551/http://fishsoup.net/bib/PangoIuc25-paper.pdf|date=2020-07-06}}. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120227064838/http://ols.fedoraproject.org/OLS/Reprints-2001/taylor.pdf "Pango: internationalized text handling" Owen Taylor in Ottawa linux symposium 2001] * [https://docs.gtk.org/Pango/ Pango Reference Manual] * {{YouTube|Is4PW6f4Pk4|The journey of a word: how text ends up on a page}}, at [linux.conf.au](/source/linux.conf.au) 2017 Simon Cozens explained the rendering of fonts {{Free and open-source typography}} {{Freedesktop.org}} Category:1999 software Category:C (programming language) libraries Category:Free computer libraries Category:Free software programmed in C Category:Freedesktop.org libraries Category:GNOME libraries Category:GTK Category:Software that uses Meson Category:Text rendering libraries --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pango](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pango) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pango?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.