# Panchala

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Ancient Hindu kingdom of India

For the butterfly genus, see [Arhopala](/source/Arhopala).

Panchala Pañcāla c. 1100 BCE – c. 340 BCE Panchala and other kingdoms in the Late Vedic period. Panchala and other Mahajanapadas in the Post Vedic period. Capital Ahichatra (northern), Kampila Common languages Vedic Sanskrit Religion Historical Vedic religion Jainism Buddhism Government Monarchy Raja • c. 850 BCE Keśin Dālbhya • c. 750 BCE Pravahana Jaivali • c. 400 CE Achyuta Historical era Iron Age • Established c. 1100 BCE (in Late Vedic period) • Disestablished c. 400 CE (in Gupta Empire) Preceded by Succeeded by Rigvedic tribes Magadha Magadha Gupta Empire Today part of India

**Panchala** ([IAST](/source/IAST): *Pañcāla*) was an ancient [kingdom](/source/Realm) of [northern India](/source/Northern_India), located in the [Ganges-Yamuna Doab](/source/Ganges-Yamuna_Doab) of the [Upper Gangetic plain](/source/Gangetic_plain) which is identified as [Kanyakubja](/source/Kannauj) or region around [Kannauj](/source/Kannauj).[1][2] During Late [Vedic times](/source/Vedic_period) (c. 1100–500 BCE), it was one of the most powerful states of [ancient India](/source/History_of_India), closely allied with the [Kuru kingdom](/source/Kuru_kingdom).[3] By the c. 5th century BCE, it had become an [oligarchic](/source/Oligarchy) [confederacy](/source/Confederation), considered one of the *solasa* (sixteen) [mahajanapadas](/source/Mahajanapadas) (major states) of the [Indian subcontinent](/source/Indian_subcontinent). After being absorbed into the [Mauryan Empire](/source/Mauryan_Empire) (322–185 BCE), Panchala regained its independence until it was annexed by the [Gupta Empire](/source/Gupta_Empire) in the 4th century CE.

## Location

The Pañcāla state was located to the west of the [Gomti River](/source/Gomti_River), and the north of the [Chambal River](/source/Chambal_River). Its western neighbours were the [Sūrasenas](/source/Surasena) and the Yakṛllomas, while in the north-west it was separated from the [Ganga](/source/Ganga) and the [Kurus](/source/Kuru_Kingdom) by dense forests. The northern boundaries of Pañcāla were the forests around the region of the Gaṅgā's source. The territory of Pañcāla corresponded to the modern-day areas of Rohilkhand such as [Pilibhit](/source/Pilibhit_district), [Bareilly](/source/Bareilly_district), [Budaun](/source/Budaun_district), [Shahjahanpur](/source/Shahjahanpur_district), [Farrukhabad](/source/Farrukhabad_district), [Kannauj](/source/Kannauj) and [Kanpur](/source/Kanpur), and parts of Awadh such as the western half of [Hardoi](/source/Hardoi), and parts of [Lakhimpur](/source/Lakhimpur%2C_Uttar_Pradesh)[4][5] as well as the [Central](/source/Doab#Central_or_Middle_Doab) Gaṅgā-[Yamunā](/source/Yamuna) [Doab](/source/Doab) in [Uttar Pradesh](/source/Uttar_Pradesh).[6]

## Mahabharata

[Drupada](/source/Drupada), the king of [Panchala](/source/Panchala_Kingdom_(Mahabharata)) was the father of [Draupadi](/source/Draupadi), who married the [Pandavas](/source/Pandava). To avenge her humiliation during [the game of dice](/source/Mahabharata#The_dice_game) played at [Hastinapur](/source/Hastinapur) which led to their lengthy exile, he fought on the side of the Pandavas in the [Kurukshetra War](/source/Kurukshetra_War). [Bhishma](/source/Bhishma) ranked him a Mighty [*Maharathi*](/source/Hindu_mythological_wars#Levels_of_Warrior_Excellence), his son [Dhrishtadyumna](/source/Dhrishtadyumna) an *Atirathi* and his other son, [Shikhandi](/source/Shikhandi), a *Rathi*. He contributed three (of the seven) [Akshauhini](/source/Akshauhini) armies to the Pandavas during the war.[7]

## Vedic period

The Panchala [janapada](/source/Janapada) is believed to have been formed by multiple *[janas](/source/Jana_(Vedic_period))* (tribes). The *[Shatapatha Brahmana](/source/Shatapatha_Brahmana)* suggests that Panchala was the later name of the Krivi tribe (who, according to the [Rigveda](/source/Rigveda), lived on the bank of the [Indus River](/source/Indus_River)). The later [Vedic literature](/source/Vedas) uses the term Panchala to describe the close associates of the [Kurus](/source/Kuru_Kingdom). Panchala is identified with the city of [Kanyakubja](/source/Kanyakubja) or the region around it.[8][9] The *[Mahabharata](/source/Mahabharata)* mentions the 'Saranjayas' as a tribe or a family among the Panchalas, occasionally using the terms interchangeably, but also separately at a few places. The *Mahabharata* further mentions that the [Panchala country](/source/Panchala_Kingdom_(Mahabharata)) had its capital at [Kanyakubja](/source/Kanyakubja) or modern day [Kannauj](/source/Kannauj)[10][11][12][13] but was later divided into two territories: the northern Panchala with its capital at [Ahichchhatra](/source/Ahichchhatra), and the southern Panchala with its capital at [Kampilya](/source/Kampilya).[14][15]

According to the political scientist Sudama Misra, the name of the Panchala janapada suggests that it was a fusion of five (*pancha*) [janas](/source/Janapadas) (tribes).[16] [H.C. Raychaudhuri](/source/Hem_Chandra_Raychaudhuri) theorised that these five clans were the Krivis, the Turvashas, the Keshins, the Srinjayas, and the Somakas.[17] Each of these clans is known to be associated with one or more princes mentioned in the Vedic[18] texts – the Krivis with Kraivya Panchala, the Turvashas with Sona Satrasaha, the Keshins with Keshin Dalbhya, the Srinjayas with Sahadeva Sarnjaya, and the Somakas with Somaka Sahadevya. The names of the last two clans, the Somakas and the Srinjayas, are also mentioned in the [Mahabharata](/source/Mahabharata) and the [Puranas](/source/Puranas).

King Drupada, whose daughter Draupadi was married into the Pandavas in the Mahabharata, belonged to the Somaka clan.[19] However, the Mahabharata and the Puranas consider the ruling clan of the northern Panchala as an offshoot of the [Bharata](/source/Bharata_(Mahabharata)) clan, identifying [Divodasa](/source/Divodasa), [Sudas](/source/Sudas), Srinjaya, Somaka, and [Drupada](/source/Drupada) (also called Yajnasena) as its most notable rulers.[20] It is also mentioned that [Sutasoma](/source/Upapandavas#Sutasoma), the son of Draupadi and the Pandava prince [Bhima](/source/Bhima), was the king of the Somaka tribe during the [Kurukshetra War](/source/Kurukshetra_War).

The Panchala Kingdom rose to its highest prominence in the aftermath of the decline of the Kuru Kingdom, culminating in its eventual defeat by the non-Vedic [Salva tribe](/source/Salva_(India)). The king of Panchala, [Keśin Dālbhya](/source/Ke%C5%9Bin_D%C4%81lbhya) (approximately between 900 and 750 BCE[21]), was the nephew of the Kuru king, who had died heirless; Keśin subsequently took over the leadership, establishing his kingdom as the new political and cultural center, and ensuring the continuation of the Vedic tradition.[22] His dynasty remained in power for many generations; one of his later successors was the philosopher-king [Pravahana Jaivali](/source/Pravahana_Jaivali), who was the contemporary of King [Janaka](/source/Janaka) of [Videha](/source/Videha) and the philosophers [Uddalaka Aruni](/source/Uddalaka_Aruni) and [Svetaketu](/source/Svetaketu) (8th–7th centuries BCE).[23]

## Under Magadha

Originally a [monarchical](/source/Monarchy) [clan](/source/Jat), the Panchalas appear to have switched to a republican model of government around 500 BCE. The Buddhist text [Anguttara Nikaya](/source/Anguttara_Nikaya) mentions Panchala as one of the sixteen [mahajanapadas](/source/Mahajanapada) of the c. 6th century BCE.[24] The 4th century BCE text [Arthashastra](/source/Arthashastra) also attests to the Panchalas as following the *Rajashabdopajivin* (king consul) constitution. Panchala was annexed into the [Magadha empire](/source/Nanda_Dynasty) during the reign of [Mahapadma Nanda](/source/Mahapadma_Nanda) in the mid-4th century BCE.[25]

## Post-Mauryan period

Numismatic evidence reveals the existence of independent rulers of Panchala during the post-Mauryan period. Most of the coins issued by them are found at [Ahichatra](/source/Ahichchhatra) and adjoining areas. All the coins are round, made of a copper alloy and have a set pattern on the obverse-a deeply incised square punch consisting of a row of three symbols and the ruler's name placed in a single line below them. The reverse bears depictions of the deities or sometimes of their attributes, whose names form a component of the issuers' names (for example, coins of [Agnimitra](/source/Agnimitra) bear the depiction of [Agni](/source/Agni)). The names of the rulers found on these coins are Vangapala, Yajnapala, Damagupta, Rudragupta, Jayagupta, Suryamitra, Phalgunimitra, Bhanumitra, Bhumimitra, Dhruvamitra, Agnimitra, Indramitra, Vishnumitra, Jayamitra, Prajapatimitra, Varunamitra, Anamitra, Bhadraghosha and Yugasena (the reverse of the coins of Varunamitra, Yugasena and Anamitra do not exhibit any deity). Shaunakayaniputra Vangapala, ruler of Ahichatra, whom Vaidehiputra Ashadhasena mentioned as his grandfather in his Pabhosa inscription, is identified with king Vangapala, known from his coins. The name of Damagupta is also found on a clay sealing.[26][27]

The last independent ruler of Ahichatra was [Achyuta](/source/Achyuta_of_Panchala), who was defeated by [Samudragupta](/source/Samudragupta), after which Panchala was annexed into the [Gupta Empire](/source/Gupta_Empire).[28] The coins of Achyuta found from Ahichatra have a wheel of eight spokes on the reverse and the legend *Achyu* on the obverse.[29]

## Gallery

	- Panchala coinage

		- Coin of the Panchalas of Ahichhatra (75-50 BCE). **Obv** [Indra](/source/Indra) seated facing on pedestal, holding bifurcated object. **Rev** *Idramitrasa* in [Brahmi](/source/Brahmi), Panchala symbols.

		- Coin of Agnimitra, showing the depiction of [Agni](/source/Agni) with flaming hair on the obverse, and a reverse showing the three dynastic symbols of the Panchala rulers and a legend naming the king: Agimitasa.

		- A bronze currency of 1⁄2 [karshapana](/source/Karshapana) of King Indramitra (ca 75-50 BC?) Of Ahichatra of Panchala. **Obv:** A inside a rectangle, a line of 3 symbols, under the name of the king. **Rev:** Indra standing on a pedestal without pillars. **Dimensions:** 15 mm. **Weight:** 4.18 g.

		- Coin of Achyuta, the last Panchala king, showing an 8-spoked wheel and the king's name: Achyu.

## Rulers

Ajamida II had a son named Rishin. Rishin had two sons namely Samvarana II whose son was [Kuru](/source/King_Kuru) and Brihadvasu whose descendants were Panchalas.[30][31][32][33]

**List of Panchala Kingdom rulers are-**

- Rishin, (his sons were Brihadvasu and Samvarana II)

- Brihadbhanu, (son of Brihadvasu)

- Brihatkaya

- Puranjaya

- Riksha

- Bramhyaswa

- Aramyaswa

- Mudgala, Yavinara, Pratiswan, [Kampilya](/source/Kampilya) (Founder of [Kampilya](/source/Kampilya) – Capital of [Panchala Kingdom](/source/Panchala_Kingdom_(Mahabharata))) and Sranjaya were the sons of Aramyaswa and were the founders of Panchala Kingdom and were called as Panchalas.

- Dritimana, (son of Mudgala)

- Drdhanemi

- Sarvasena, (founder of Ujjain Kingdom)

- Mitra

- Rukmaratha

- Suparswa

- Sumathi

- Sannatimana

- Krta

- Pijavana

- Somadutta

- Jantuvahana

- Badhrayaswa

- Brihadhishu

- Brihadhanu

- Brihadkarma

- Jayaratha

- Visvajit

- Seinyajit

- Nepavirya, (after this King's name the country was named Nepaldesh)

- Samara

- Sadashva

- Ruchiraswa

- Pruthusena

- Prapti

- Prthaswa

- Sukrthi

- Vibhiraja

- Anuha

- Bramhadatta II

- Vishwaksena

- Dandasena

- Durmukha

- Durbuddhi

- Dharbhya

- Divodasa

- Sivana I

- Mitrayu

- Maitrayana

- Soma

- Sivana II

- Sadasana

- Sahadeva

- Somaka, (Somaka's eldest son was Sugandakrthu and youngest was Prishata. But in a war all sons died and Prishata Survived and became the king of Panchala)

- [Prishati](/source/Prishati), (son of Somaka)

- [Drupada](/source/Drupada), (son of Prishata)

- [Dhrishtadyumna](/source/Dhrishtadyumna), (was the son of Drupada, [Draupadi](/source/Draupadi) and [Shikhandi](/source/Shikhandi) were the daughters of Drupada)

- [Keśin Dālbhya](/source/Ke%C5%9Bin_D%C4%81lbhya)

- [Pravahana Jaivali](/source/Pravahana_Jaivali)

- [Achyuta](/source/Achyuta_of_Panchala), (last known ruler of Panchala Kingdom which was defeated in c. 350 CE by [Gupta](/source/Gupta_Empire) ruler [Samudragupta](/source/Samudragupta).)

## See also

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## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** wheeler, James Boy (1869). [*The History of India from the Earliest Ages: The Rámáyana and the Brahmanic period*](https://books.google.com/books?id=xzAQAAAAYAAJ&q=kanyakubja&pg=PA432). N Trubner. p. 432.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [*Bibliotheca Indica, Volume 270*](https://books.google.com/books?id=SVE0AAAAIAAJ&q=kanyakubja&pg=PA38). Baptist Mission Press. 1848. p. 38.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Witzel, Michael (1995), "Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state", EJVS |volume=1 |issue=4 |date=1995

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Olivelle, Austin Patrick (2006). [*Between the Empires, Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE*](https://books.google.com/books?id=efaOR_-YsIcC&dq=kanpur+panchala&pg=PA21). Oxford university press, USA. p. 21. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-977507-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-977507-1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Chakraborty, Dilip K. (2007). [*Archaeological Geography of the Ganga Plain, The Upper Ganga (Oudh, Rohilkhand, and the Doab)*](https://books.google.com/books?id=aJAMAQAAMAAJ&q=kanpur+panchala). Munshiram Manohar Lal Publications. p. 204. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-81-215-1185-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-215-1185-8).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra](/source/Hem_Chandra_Raychaudhuri) (1953). *Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of Gupta Dynasty*. [University of Calcutta](/source/University_of_Calcutta). pp. 70–74.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). *Political History of Ancient India*, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p. 206

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** wheeler, James Boy (1869). [*The History of India from the Earliest Ages: The Rámáyana and the Brahmanic period*](https://books.google.com/books?id=xzAQAAAAYAAJ&q=kanyakubja&pg=PA432). N Trubner. p. 432.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [*Bibliotheca Indica, Volume 270*](https://books.google.com/books?id=SVE0AAAAIAAJ&q=kanyakubja&pg=PA38). Baptist Mission Press. 1848. p. 38.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Singh Sandhu, Gurcharn (2000). [*A Military History of Ancient India*](https://books.google.com/books?id=0yXcAAAAMAAJ). Vision Books. p. 164. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-81-7094-375-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7094-375-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** [*Proceedings Volume 29*](https://books.google.com/books?id=9x7jAAAAMAAJ). Indian History Congress. 1968. p. 82.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** [*Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Farrukhabad. 39. Ballia*](https://books.google.com/books?id=-gJDAAAAYAAJ). Government of Uttar Pradesh. 1988. p. 29.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Bagchi, Jhunu (1993). [*The History and Culture of the Pālas of Bengal and Bihar, Cir. 750 A.D.-cir. 1200 A.D.*](https://books.google.com/books?id=J7RKoMeAtpUC&dq=Panchal+Kanyakubja&pg=RA1-PA3) Abhinav Publications. p. 3. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-81-7017-301-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-301-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTED._C._Sircar19851_14-0)** [D. C. Sircar 1985](#CITEREFD._C._Sircar1985), p. 1.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Tripathi, Rama Shanker (1989). [*History of Kanauj, To the Moslem Conquest*](https://books.google.com/books?id=2Tnh2QjGhMQC&q=Kunoj+Panchala). Motilal Banarsidas. pp. 212, 213. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-81-208-0404-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0404-3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudama_Misra197314_16-0)** [Sudama Misra 1973](#CITEREFSudama_Misra1973), p. 14.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Oroon K. Ghosh (1976). [*The Changing Indian Civilization: A Perspective on India*](https://books.google.com/books?id=gPUtAAAAMAAJ). Minerva. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-88386-502-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88386-502-6).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (1953). [*Political History of Ancient India - From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of the Gupta Dynasty*](https://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/1633.pdf) (PDF) (Sixth ed.). Kolkata: Calcutta University Press. p. 71. Retrieved 8 May 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Pargiter, F.E. (1972). *Ancient Indian Historical Tradition*, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p.117

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972) *Political History of Ancient India*, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.65-8.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** [Michael Witzel](/source/Michael_Witzel) (1989), *Tracing the Vedic dialects* in *Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes* ed. [Caillat](/source/Colette_Caillat), Paris, p.127

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** Witzel (1995), p.22

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Raychaudhury, pp.67–68

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). *Political History of Ancient India*, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p.85

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). *Political History of Ancient India*, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p.206

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** Lahiri, B. (1974). *Indigenous States of Northern India (Circa 200 B.C. to 320 A.D.)*, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, pp.170-88

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** Bhandare, S. (2006). *Numismatics and History: The Maurya-Gupta Interlude in the Gangetic Plain* in P. Olivelle ed. *Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE*, New York: Oxford University Press, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-19-568935-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-568935-6), pp.76,88

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). *Political History of Ancient India*, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p.473

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** Lahiri, B. (1974). *Indigenous States of Northern India (Circa 200 B.C. to 320 A.D.)*, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p.182

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Malik_30-0)** Malik, Dr Malti (2016). [*History of India*](https://books.google.com/books?id=bMg-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12). New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd. pp. 51–54. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-81-7335-498-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7335-498-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** Kisari Mohan Ganguli, *The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa Translated into English Prose*, 1883-1896, Bk. 1, Ch. 3.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** Kisari Mohan Ganguli, *The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa Translated into English Prose*, 1883-1896, Book Chapter 1

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** Raychaudhuri, H.C. (1972). *Political History of Ancient India*, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, p. 85

### Works cited

- [D. C. Sircar](/source/Dineshchandra_Sircar) (1985). [*The Kānyakubja-Gauḍa Struggle*](https://books.google.com/books?id=9mdQAQAAMAAJ). Asiatic Society. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788192061580](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788192061580). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [915112370](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/915112370).

- Sudama Misra (1973). [*Janapada state in ancient India*](https://web.archive.org/web/20160817151315/http://dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/131690). Vārāṇasī: Bhāratīya Vidyā Prakāśana. Archived from [the original](http://dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/131690) on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.

## External links

- [Coins of Panchala janapada](http://coinindia.com/galleries-panchala.html)

- [Coins of Post-Mauryan Panchala Kingdom](http://coinindia.com/galleries-panchala-kingdom.html)

- [Panchal Details from IGNCA](https://web.archive.org/web/20100217061043/http://tdil.mit.gov.in/coilnet/ignca/panchal.htm)

Preceded by Panchala (850 BC–500 BC) Succeeded by Nanda Dynasty

v t e Bareilly division topics General Rohilkhand Doab Pilibhit Tiger Reserve Terai Sivalik Hills Mythology, history History of Bareilly Hindu temples Panchala Panchala Kingdom Delhi Sultanate Districts Bareilly Budaun Pilbhit Shahjahanpur Rivers, dams, lakes Ramganga Ghaghara Gomti Sharda River Languages, people Hindustani English Urdu Punjabi Bengali Transport Bareilly Airport Bareilly railway station National Highway 24 (India) National Highway 93 National Highway 74 Uttar Pradesh State Highway 37 Lok Sabha constituencies Bareilly Badaun Aonla Pilbhit Shahjahanpur Major Incidents Sikh masacre in Pilibhit forest See also Cities and towns in Bareilly district Cities and towns in Budaun district Cities and towns in Pilibhit district Cities and towns in Shahjahanpur district Villages in Bareilly district Villages in Pilibhit district People from Budaun People from Bareilly People from Pilibhit People from Shahjahanpur Other divisions Agra Aligarh Ayodhya Azamgarh Basti Chitrakoot Devipatan Gorakhpur Jhansi Kanpur Lucknow Meerut Mirzapur Moradabad Prayagraj Saharanpur Varanasi Education in Bareilly Cities and towns in Bareilly district Historical regions of Rohilkhand

v t e Tribes and kingdoms mentioned in the Mahabharata Abhira Andhra Anarta Anga Anupa Assaka Asmaka Avanti Ay Bahlika Bhārata Chedi Chera Chola Chinas Dakshina Kosala Dakshinatya Danda Dasarna Dasharna Dasherka Dwaraka Gandhāra Garga Gomanta Gopa Rashtra Hara Huna Haihaya kingdom Himalaya Huna Kanchi Kasmira Kalakuta Kalinga Kamboja Karnata Karusha Kashi Kekeya Khasa Kikata Kimpurusha Kinnara Kirata Kingdom Kishkindha Konkana Kosala Kuninda Kunti Kuru Lanka Madra Madraka Magadha Maha Chinas Mahisha Malla Malava Manipura Matsya Mekhalas Mleccha Mudgala Mushika Nasikya Nepa Niharas Nishadas Odra Pallava Panchala Pandya Parada Parama Kamboja Parasika Parvartaka Parvata Paurava Pishacha Pragjyotisha Pratyagratha Prasthala Pundra Pulinda Saka Salva Salveya Salwa Saraswata Saurashtra Sauvira Shakya Sindhu Sinhala Sivi Sonita Sudra Suhma Surparaka Surasena Tamraparni Tangana Trigarta Tulu Tushara Ursa Uttara Kuru Uttara Madra Utkala Vanga Vatadhana Vatsa Videha Vidarbha Yavana Yaudheya

v t e Mahajanapadas Great Indian Kingdoms (c. 600 BCE–c. 300 BCE) Anga Asmaka (Assaka) Avanti Chedi Gandhara Kashi Kamboja Kosala Kuru Magadha Malla Maccha (Matsya) Panchala Surasena Vajji Vatsa (Vamsa)

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