# Pan Gate

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{{More citations needed|date=December 2015}}
{{infobox Chinese
|pic=File:Land Gate of Pan Men.jpg
|picsize=250px
|piccap=The Panmen Land Gate
|s={{linktext|盘|门}}
|t={{linktext|盤|門}}
|p=Pánmén
|w=Pan-men
|l=
|suz=boe<sup>2</sup> men<sup>2</sup> <br> {{IPA|[bø mən]}}
}}
thumb|250px|right|The Wu Gate Bridge in front of Panmen Gate

'''Pan Gate''', '''Panmen''', or '''Panmen Gate'''<!--Chinese in infobox; cf [WP:MOS-ZH](/source/WP%3AMOS-ZH)--><ref name=fwgrs>{{citation |last= |first= |contribution-url=https://www.ehangzhou.gov.cn/2024-06/21/c_289984.htm |contribution=Fengshan Water Gate Relic Site |date=21 June 2024 |url=https://www.ehangzhou.gov.cn |title=''Official site'' |publisher=Information Office of the Hangzhou Municipal People's Government |location=Hangzhou }}.</ref> is a historical landmark in [Suzhou](/source/Suzhou), [Jiangsu Province](/source/Jiangsu_Province), [China](/source/China). It consists of a section of the old [Suzhou City Wall](/source/Suzhou_City_Wall) that includes two separate gates, one opening to a road for pedestrian and vehicular traffic and another opening to a canal for waterborne vessels. It is thus sometimes known as Suzhou's '''Land and Water Gate'''. Pan Gate at the southwest corner of the city's central historic district, with the water gate connecting the city's inner canals and former defensive moat with the nearby [Grand Canal](/source/Grand_Canal_(China)).

==History==
A gate has stood at the location since the construction of the [city wall](/source/Chinese_city_wall) of [Wu](/source/state_of_Wu) in {{nowrap|514 {{sc|bc}}}}, during the [Spring and Autumn Period](/source/Spring_and_Autumn_Period) of the later [Zhou](/source/Zhou_dynasty) [dynasty](/source/list_of_Chinese_dynasties). At that time, Pan Gate was the only entrance or exit from the city. The present structure was built {{c.|1351}} during the 11th year of the reign of [Ukhaatu Khan](/source/Ukhaatu_Khan), the Zhizheng Emperor of the [Yuan dynasty](/source/Yuan_dynasty).

==Present site==
Following [Deng Xiaoping](/source/Deng_Xiaoping)'s [Reform and Opening Up Policy](/source/Reform_and_Opening_Up_Policy), Suzhou has established the '''Pan Gate Scenic Area''' to renovate the "Three Landmarks of Pan Gate" and improve tourist facilities in the vicinity. In addition to the gates themselves, the landmarks include the [Ruiguang Pagoda](/source/Ruiguang_Pagoda) ({{translit|zh|Ruiguangta}}) and the [Wu Gate Bridge](/source/Wu_Gate_Bridge) ({{translit|zh|Wumenqiao}}). Originally dating to {{sc|ad}}{{nbsp}}247, the Ruiguang Pagoda is the oldest of the city's pagodas, constructed of brick walls with wooden platforms at each floor. It has simple Buddhist carvings at its base.<ref name="Witness">{{cite book|title=China|publisher=Eye Witness Travel Guides|pages=213}}</ref> The Wu Gate Bridge provided access to the land gate over the canals and was the highest bridge of the ancient city, allowing barges and other boats to more easily pass below.

Alongside [Fengshan Gate](/source/Fengshan_Gate) in [Hangzhou](/source/Hangzhou), Pan Gate is now also protected as a [World Heritage site](/source/UNESCO_sites_in_China) owing to its importance to the Grand Canal.<ref name=fwgrs/>

==See also==
*[City Wall of Suzhou](/source/City_Wall_of_Suzhou)

==References==
{{commons category|Pan Men}}
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Suzhou}}
{{coord|31|17|21|N|120|36|43|E|source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}}

Category:AAAA-rated tourist attractions
Category:Buildings and structures in Suzhou
Category:City walls in China
Category:Gates in China
Category:Tourist attractions in Suzhou
Category:Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Jiangsu

{{Suzhou-stub}}
{{China-struct-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Pan Gate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Gate) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Gate?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.