# Palomo
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{{short description|Mountain in Chile}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Palomo
| image = Palomo.jpg
| image_caption = Palomo volcano
| elevation_m = 4860
| elevation_ref = [{{cite gvp|vn=357022|name=Palomo}}]
| location = [Chile](/source/Chile)
| range = [Andes](/source/Andes)
| coordinates = {{coord|34.608|S|70.295|W|type:mountain}}
| coordinates_ref = [{{cite journal |last1=Bobylyova |first1=E. S. |last2=Сергеевна |first2=Бобылева Елена |title=Structural-and-Semantic Analysis of Oronyms of Chile, Структурно-семантический анализ оронимов Чили |journal=RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics, Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Теория языка. Семиотика. Семантика |date=15 December 2016 |issue=2 |page=124 |url=http://journals.rudn.ru/semiotics-semantics/article/view/7399/6852 |language=ru |issn=2411-1236}}]) is a {{Convert|4860|m}} high [Chile](/source/Chile)an [stratovolcano](/source/stratovolcano) located in the [commune](/source/Communes_of_Chile) of [Machali](/source/Machali_commune), [Cachapoal province](/source/Cachapoal_Province),[{{Cite report|last1=Bertin|first1=Daniel|last2=Orozco|first2=Gabriel|date=October 2015|title=Petrografía, geoquímica y peligros volcánicos de los volcanes Palomo y Tinguiririca, VI Región|url=http://biblioteca.sernageomin.cl/opac/DataFiles/14905_v3_pp_124_127.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613234253/http://biblioteca.sernageomin.cl/opac/DataFiles/14905_v3_pp_124_127.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 13, 2018|publisher=[SERNAGEOMIN](/source/SERNAGEOMIN)}}]
The edifice of the volcano is irregular and various estimates of its volume exist, ranging {{convert|16.6|-|35.5|km3}}. The best estimate is considered to be {{convert|9.2|km3}}. Palomo rises from an elevation of about {{convert|3215|m}}, and it covers a surface area of {{convert|22.4|km2}}.[{{Cite journal|last1=Völker|first1=David|last2=Kutterolf|first2=Steffen|last3=Wehrmann|first3=Heidi|date=2011-08-15|title=Comparative mass balance of volcanic edifices at the southern volcanic zone of the Andes between 33°S and 46°S|journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research|volume=205|issue=3–4|page=119|doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.03.011|bibcode=2011JVGR..205..114V}}] Beneath the volcano lie two calderas with diameters of {{Convert|3|km}} and {{Convert|5|km}}; the summit has a double crater as well,[{{Cite journal|last=Charrier|first=Reynaldo|date=2010-08-30|title=Los Volcanes Andres y Don Casimiro: Dos Centros Descubiertos en los Andes Entre 34° y 34°45' Latitud Sur|url=http://www.andeangeology.cl/index.php/revista1/article/view/V6n2-a04|journal=Andean Geology|language=es|issue=8|issn=0718-7106}}]{{rp|83}} This vent features a {{Convert|500|m}} wide crater that opens to the south.[{{cite journal |last1=Charrier |first1=Reynaldo |last2=Iturrizaga |first2=Lasafam |last3=Carretier |first3=Sébastien |last4=Regard |first4=Vincent |last5=Charrier |first5=Reynaldo |last6=Iturrizaga |first6=Lasafam |last7=Carretier |first7=Sébastien |last8=Regard |first8=Vincent |title=Evolución geomorfológica y glaciar de las hoyas de los ríos Maipo superior y Cachapoal en la Cordillera Principal Andina, Chile central (34°-35° S) |journal=Andean Geology |date=May 2019 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=240–278 |doi=10.5027/andgeov46n2-3108 |url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-71062019000200240&script=sci_arttext |issn=0718-7106|doi-access=free }}]
The volcano is flanked by [glacier](/source/glacier)s.[{{Cite journal|last1=Rivera|first1=A.|last2=Bown|first2=F.|last3=Brock|first3=B. W.|last4=Burger|first4=F.|last5=Carrión|first5=D.|last6=Cisternas|first6=S.|last7=Gacitúa|first7=G.|last8=Oberreuter|first8=J.|last9=Silva|first9=R.|date=2013-05-01|title=Outline of recent research on ice-volcano interactions in Southern Chile|bibcode=2013AGUSMGC44A..02R|journal=AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts|volume=44|pages=GC44A–02}}]
Several of these sizeable glaciers form the Rio Blanco, Rio Cortaderal and Rio de los Cipreses on the northern flank, which drain into the [Cachapoal River](/source/Cachapoal_River). A thermal event in the volcano in 1847 caused a meltwater flood on the Cachapoal River.[{{Cite journal|last1=Rojas|first1=Octavio|last2=Mardones|first2=María|last3=Arumí|first3=José Luis|last4=Aguayo|first4=Mauricio|date=2014-05-01|title=Una revisión de inundaciones fluviales en Chile, período 1574–2012: causas, recurrencia y efectos geográficos|url=http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0718-34022014000100012&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es|journal=Revista de Geografía Norte Grande|issue=57|pages=177–192|doi=10.4067/S0718-34022014000100012|issn=0718-3402|doi-access=free}}] The southern slope features the {{Convert|10|km}} Universidad Glacier, which forms the Rio San Andrés which drains into the [Tinguiririrca River](/source/Tinguiririca_River).[{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P59sPiXnWpIC&pg=PA153|title=Dynamics of Mountain Geosystems|last=Singh|first=Ram Bali|date=1992-01-01|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=9788170244721|pages=168}}] it was the second longest glacier in Central [Chile](/source/Chile) in 1958, but since then glaciers in the region have shrunk.[{{Cite journal|last=Lliboutry|first=Louis|author-link=Louis Lliboutry|year=1958|title=Studies of the Shrinkage After a Sudden Advance, Blue Bands and Wave Ogives on Glaciar Universidad (Central Chilean Andes)|journal=[Journal of Glaciology](/source/Journal_of_Glaciology)|volume=3|issue=24|page=261|doi=10.1017/S002214300002390X|issn=0022-1430|bibcode=1958JGlac...3..261L|doi-access=free}}]
thumb|Palomo volcano from the air (view to the east)
The edifice is mainly constructed by [lava flows](/source/lava_flows) that bury parts of the calderas in the foot of the volcano.[{{Cite journal|last1=Hickey-Vargas|first1=Rosemary|last2=Holbik|first2=Sven|last3=Tormey|first3=Daniel|last4=Frey|first4=Frederick A.|last5=Moreno Roa|first5=Hugo|author-link5=Hugo Moreno Roa|date=2016-08-01|title=Basaltic rocks from the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone: Insights from the comparison of along-strike and small-scale geochemical variations and their sources|journal=[Lithos](/source/Lithos_(journal))|volume=258–259|pages=120|doi=10.1016/j.lithos.2016.04.014|bibcode=2016Litho.258..115H}}] as well as [basaltic andesite](/source/basaltic_andesite). All rocks are [calc-alkaline](/source/Calc-alkaline_magma_series) rocks of medium [potassium](/source/potassium) content. The main edifice rocks contain abundant [phenocryst](/source/phenocryst)s dominated by [plagioclase](/source/plagioclase); [clinopyroxene](/source/clinopyroxene), [orthopyroxene](/source/orthopyroxene) and other minerals are less prevalent. The Andrés edifice has a distinct composition, with more [amphibole](/source/amphibole) and [olivine](/source/olivine) and less plagioclase than the main edifice.[{{cite journal |last1=Iturrizaga |first1=Lasafam |last2=Charrier |first2=Reynaldo |title=Sudden glacier advances in the Cachapoal Valley, Southern Central Andes of Chile (34°S) |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |date=1 January 2021 |volume=105 |page=20 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102787 |bibcode=2021JSAES.10502787I |s2cid=225396202 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895981120303308 |language=en |issn=0895-9811|url-access=subscription }}] Future activity at Palomo might generate [lahar](/source/lahar)s through the melting of ice, which could affect the valleys of the rivers draining the volcano.