# Palestinian Americans

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Americans of full or partial Palestinian descent

Ethnic group

Palestinian Americans فلسطينيو أمريكا (Arabic) Total population ~160,000 (2023 American Community Survey; 0.05% of U.S.'s population)[1] Regions with significant populations Chicago • New York City and Northern New Jersey • Philadelphia • Houston • Detroit • New Orleans • Los Angeles Metropolitan area • San Francisco Bay Area Languages English, Arabic Religion Islam, Christianity Related ethnic groups Other Arabs, Arab Americans

Part of a series on Palestinians Demographics Definitions Palestine History Name People Nakba Diaspora Politics Previous Arab Higher Committee Depopulated villages All-Palestine Protectorate Government Fedayeen militias PLO National Authority (PNA) (political parties) Current Fatah Hamas PFLP Islamic Jihad Politics of the Palestinian National Authority Enclaves Governorates Cities Gaza Strip governance (Hamas) Governorates of the Gaza Strip National Council (PNC) Legislative Council (PLC) Flag Law Palestine West Bank Gaza Strip East Jerusalem Religion / religious sites Christianity (In Gaza) Islam Judaism Al-Aqsa Cave of the Patriarchs Church of the Holy Sepulchre Church of the Nativity Dome of the Rock Great Mosque of Gaza Joseph's Tomb Lot's Tomb Nabi Samwil Rachel's Tomb Culture Art Cinema Costume and embroidery Cuisine Dabke (dance) Handicrafts Language Literature Music List of Palestinians v t e

**Palestinian Americans** ([Arabic](/source/Arabic_language): فلسطينيو أمريكا, [romanized](/source/Romanization_of_Arabic): *Filasṭīnīyū Amrīkā*) are [Americans](/source/Americans) who are of full or partial [Palestinian descent](/source/Palestinians).

There are around 160,000 Palestinian Americans according to the 2023 American Community Survey, making up around 0.05% of the U.S. population.

The Palestinian community is concentrated in the [Chicago](/source/Chicago), [New York City](/source/New_York_City),[2] [Philadelphia](/source/Philadelphia), [Houston](/source/Houston), and [Detroit](/source/Detroit) metropolitan areas, with other populations in the [Los Angeles](/source/Los_Angeles) and [San Francisco](/source/San_Francisco_Bay_Area) metropolitan areas. Some Palestinians have emigrated to smaller metropolitan or micropolitan/rural areas, such as [Gallup, New Mexico](/source/Gallup%2C_New_Mexico), in the late 20th and 21st century.

## History

The [Chicago metropolitan area](/source/Chicago_metropolitan_area) is home to the largest Palestinian population in the United States.[3][4]

### Early immigration

The first Palestinians who immigrated to the United States arrived after 1908, when the [Ottoman Empire](/source/Ottoman_Empire) passed a new [conscription](/source/Conscription) law mandating all Ottoman citizens into the military.[5] These Palestinians were overwhelmingly [Christian](/source/Palestinian_Christians), and only a minority of them were Muslims. The [1922 census of Palestine](/source/1922_census_of_Palestine) lists 1,778 Palestinians living abroad in the United States (1,352 Christian, 426 Muslim, along with 19 [Druze](/source/Druze)), the second highest number behind the group listing of South and Central American republics.[6] Palestinian immigration began to decline after 1924, with a new [law limiting the number of immigrants](/source/Immigration_Act_of_1924), as well as the [Great Depression](/source/Great_Depression), which heavily reduced immigration.

### Palestinian exodus

The population in the United States began to increase after [World War II](/source/World_War_II). During the 1950s, many Christians from Ramallah started immigrating to the states, then followed by Muslims from nearby towns. The establishment of the state of [Israel](/source/Israel) led to many [Palestinian Jews](/source/Palestinian_Jews) becoming [Israeli citizens](/source/Israeli_citizenship_law), and those that remained Palestinian were principally Arab, many of whom were then displaced in the [Nakba](/source/Nakba) due to the [1948 Arab–Israeli War](/source/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War). However, the greatest wave of Palestinian immigration began in 1967 after the [Six-Day War](/source/Six-Day_War), or as Middle Easterners and North Africans call it, the [June War](/source/June_War). This wave of immigrants reached its peak in the 1980s.[7]

### Modern history

After the [Immigration and Nationality act of 1965](/source/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965) was enacted, many Palestinians started immigrating again into the United States. Most Palestinians that immigrated to the United States in this period were more educated than the Palestinians that arrived before 1965, due to the preferential status for educated immigrants, and a "brain drain" of professionals and the more educated Palestinians.[8]

Beginning in the 1990s, many Palestinian communities were subject to intensive government surveillance under Operation Vulgar Betrayal (OVB), an FBI-led dragnet operation launched in collaboration with Israeli intelligence which sought to uncover networks of financial support for [Hamas](/source/Hamas) and [Hezbollah](/source/Hezbollah) among Palestinian Americans. These suspicions proved to be unsubstantiated, and no terrorism-related convictions were ever made. In 2015, filmmaker Assia Boundaoui produced a documentary on the experience of Palestinians living in [Bridgeview, Illinois](/source/Bridgeview%2C_Illinois), revealing the unscrupulous tactics used by the FBI as well as the total lack of transparency surrounding the surveillance effort.[9]

## Demographics

### U.S. cities

[Chicago, Illinois](/source/Chicago%2C_Illinois), is home to the largest Palestinian concentration among US metropolitan areas: There is an estimated population of 85,000 Palestinians in greater Chicagoland, and Palestinians form 60% of the [Arab](/source/Arabs) community in the region.[10][11] [Bridgeview, Illinois](/source/Bridgeview%2C_Illinois) (often referred to as "Little Palestine"),[12] and its surrounding suburbs in southwest Cook County also have a significant population of Palestinian Americans, alongside a large [Jordanian American](/source/Jordanian_Americans) community.[13] The southwest suburban Palestinian community features prominently in [Ta-Nehisi Coates](/source/Ta-Nehisi_Coates)' 2024 book, *[The Message](/source/The_Message_(Coates_book))*, with the author visiting a survivor of the [Deir Yasin Massacre](/source/Deir_Yassin_massacre) now living in [Orland Park, Illinois](/source/Orland_Park%2C_Illinois), and dining in a Middle Eastern restaurant alongside local Palestinian activists and leaders.

A large number of Palestinians settled in the areas surrounding [Paterson](/source/Paterson%2C_New_Jersey),[14][15] and [Bay Ridge](/source/Bay_Ridge%2C_Brooklyn),[16] which together make up the [New York metropolitan area](/source/New_York_metropolitan_area). Many other Palestinians settled in the [Houston metropolitan area](/source/Houston_metropolitan_area), [Los Angeles metro area](/source/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area), [Metro Detroit](/source/Metro_Detroit), [Greater Cleveland](/source/Greater_Cleveland), [Metro New Orleans](/source/New_Orleans_metropolitan_area), [Metro Jacksonville](/source/Jacksonville_metropolitan_area), and [Metro Miami](/source/Miami_metropolitan_area). [Paterson](/source/Paterson%2C_New_Jersey), [New Jersey](/source/New_Jersey), has its [southern half](/source/South_Paterson) of the city nicknamed *[Little Ramallah](/source/Little_Ramallah)*, with an [Arab American](/source/Arab_American) population estimated as high as 20,000 in 2015.[17] It is one of the most concentrated areas of Palestinian Americans in the entire United States.[18] It is also called *[Little Istanbul](/source/South_Paterson),* since it also has a growing [Turkish American](/source/Turkish_Americans) community.

[Bay Ridge](/source/Bay_Ridge%2C_Brooklyn)'s Arab community in [Brooklyn, New York](/source/Brooklyn%2C_New_York), is also a significant neighborhood home to an estimated population of 35,000,[19] of which its largest Arab ethnic groups are Palestinians and [Yemenis](/source/Yemeni_Americans).[16][20] However, it is also home to many other Arab ethnic groups, making Bay Ridge's Arab community a diverse population.

[Bay Ridge](/source/Bay_Ridge%2C_Brooklyn) in [Brooklyn](/source/Brooklyn), [New York City](/source/New_York_City); also has a strongly diverse [Arab](/source/Arabs) community, in which its largest Arab groups are [Palestinians](/source/Palestinians) and [Yemenis](/source/Yemenis). Its strong presence is noticeable from Arab shops to Babel Barber Shop, shown above during the January 2016 snow storm.

There are nearly 3,000 Palestinians in [San Mateo County](/source/San_Mateo_County), accounting for a half percent of its population; while still small on a large scale, it is ten times higher than the national rate of Palestinians Americans.[21] The [San Francisco Bay Area](/source/San_Francisco_Bay_Area), including [San Francisco](/source/San_Francisco) proper, has had a history of Palestinian settlement since the early 20th century.

According to the [2000 United States census](/source/2000_United_States_census), there were 72,112 people of Palestinian ancestry living in the United States, increasing to 171,969 by the 2022 [American Community Survey](/source/American_Community_Survey).[22] It is difficult to count the numbers of Palestinian Americans, since the United States does not recognize [Palestine](/source/Palestine) as a country, and only recognizes "Palestinian" as a [nationality](/source/Nationality).

Top 10 Cities with the Largest Palestinian Community in the United States are, according to [Zip Atlas](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zip_Atlas:&action=edit&redlink=1):[23]

Rank City No. of Palestinians 1 New York, NY 4,376 2 Chicago, IL 2,554 3 Houston, TX 2,134 4 Philadelphia, PA 1,971 5 Orland Park, IL 1,876 6 Los Angeles, CA 1,861 7 Tinley Park, IL 1,381 8 Cleveland, OH 1,285 9 Columbus, OH 1,211 10 Alafaya, FL 1,170

Also according to [Zip Atlas](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zip_Atlas&action=edit&redlink=1),[24] the top 10 Cities with the Highest Percentage of Palestinian Population in the United States are:

Rank City Percent of Population as Palestinian 1 Junction, IL 16.07% 2 Orland Hills, IL 13.51% 3 Apple Mountain Lake, VA 9.20% 4 Chicago Ridge, IL 7.87% 5 Clarkson, NY 7.62% 6 Willards, MD 6.52% 7 Hickory Hills, IL 6.10% 8 Spring Valley Village, TX 5.57% 9 Bridgeview, IL 5.28% 10 Roseland, IN 4.99%

### Religion

Palestinian Muslim Americans practice the [Sunni](/source/Sunni_Islam) sect of [Islam](/source/Islam), of the [Hanafi](/source/Hanafi) and [Shafi'i](/source/Shafi%E2%80%98i) [madhab](/source/Madhhab).[25]

A large part of Palestinian Christians belong to the [Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem](/source/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem), with a significant presence of the [Latin](/source/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem) and [Melkite](/source/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church) church followers. Smaller minorities adhere to various sects of [Protestantism](/source/Protestantism).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

### Language

Besides English, many Palestinian Americans speak [Palestinian Arabic](/source/Palestinian_Arabic). Palestinians who once lived or worked in [Palestine](/source/Palestine) may have spoken [Modern Hebrew](/source/Modern_Hebrew) as a second language.[25][26] Many Palestinians are fluent in other languages.

### Education

In the United States approximately 46% of Palestinians have obtained at least a college degree, compared to 18% of the American population.[27][*[failed verification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability)*] The study of culture and the [Arabic language](/source/Arabic_language) is increasingly important among Palestinians, especially in college and graduate school. Thus, some Palestinian or Arab organizations are working to monitor and improve the teaching of Arab history and culture in the American schools.[8] Palestinians, along with Jordanians, have one of the highest education rates among the Arab countries.[28]

### Socioeconomics

Among the 90 percent of Palestinian American men and 40 percent of women who are in the [labor force](/source/Workforce), 40 percent and 31 percent, have either professional, technical, or managerial positions. There are also large numbers in sales: 26 percent of men, and 23 percent of women. The [self-employment](/source/Self-employment) rate for men is a significant 36 percent (only 13 percent for women), compared to 11 percent for non-immigrant men. Of the self-employed, 64 percent are in [retail trade](/source/Retail), with half owning grocery stores. In terms of income, the mean for Palestinian families in 1979 was $25,400,(adjusted for inflation $109,728) with 24 percent earning over $35,000 and 20 percent earning less than $10,000.[25]

## Culture

Palestinian culture is a blend of [Eastern Mediterranean](/source/Eastern_Mediterranean) influences. Palestinians share commonalities with nearby peoples of the Levant, including [Lebanese](/source/Lebanese_Americans), [Syrians](/source/Syrian_Americans), and [Jordanians](/source/Jordanian_Americans).

[Kanafeh](/source/Kanafeh) is a popular Palestinian dessert which originated from [Nablus](/source/Nablus). Kanafeh is becoming very popular in the United States, including [New York City](/source/New_York_City).

### Cuisine

Palestinians cook many similar foods to [the Levant](/source/Levant). Examples are [kanafeh](/source/Kanafeh), [hummus](/source/Hummus), [falafel](/source/Falafel), [musakhan](/source/Musakhan), [waraq al-'inib](/source/Grape_leaves), and other [Palestinian dishes](/source/List_of_Palestinian_dishes). These foods, such as Kanafeh, have been very popular in the United States, such as in [New York City](/source/New_York_City).[29]

### Business

Palestinian Americans have owned Middle Eastern groceries, shops and restaurants ever since their immigration to the United States. Most of these businesses are in large cities such as New York City and Chicago.[30]

## Notable figures

For a more comprehensive list, see [List of Palestinian Americans](/source/List_of_Palestinian_Americans).

[Yousef Saleh Erakat](/source/FouseyTube), better known as FouseyTube, is a successful Palestinian American [YouTuber](/source/YouTuber) and [online streamer](/source/Online_streamer)

[Edward Said](/source/Edward_Said) was a U.S. naturalized Palestinian professor at [Columbia University](/source/Columbia_University), and widely known as the "Father of [Orientalism](/source/Orientalism)". He was also a strong voice and advocate for the [American Arab Anti Discrimination Committee (ADC)](/source/American-Arab_Anti-Discrimination_Committee) and studied the breaches of [civil liberties](/source/Civil_liberties) of Arabs and Muslims in the United States during the 1990s and later after [hijacking on September 11th 2001.](/source/September_11_attacks)[31]

[Rashid Khalidi](/source/Rashid_Khalidi) is a Palestinian-American historian of the Middle East and former Edward Said Professor [Emeritus](/source/Emeritus) of Modern Arab Studies at Columbia University. His many works include the 2020 publication of *[The Hundred Years' War on Palestine](/source/The_Hundred_Years'_War_on_Palestine): A History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917-2017,* in which he examines the Zionist claim to Palestine through the lens of [settler colonialism](/source/Settler_colonialism) and European and American [imperialism](/source/Imperialism). Khalidi retired from his position at Columbia University in October 2024.[32]

[Huwaida Arraf](/source/Huwaida_Arraf) is a Palestinian activist, author and lawyer based in the city of [Ramallah](/source/Ramallah) who founded an organization called the [International Solidarity Movement (ISM)](/source/International_Solidarity_Movement) which seeks to help the Palestinian side of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict through [non-violent protests](/source/Nonviolent_resistance).[33] She was also part of a peace initiative called [Seeds of Peace](/source/Seeds_of_Peace) which sought to create communication between Palestinian and Jewish youth.[34]

[Ismail al-Faruqi](/source/Ismail_al-Faruqi) was a Palestinian-American philosopher and theologian, known for his significant contributions to Islamic studies and the philosophy of religion. He founded the [International Institute of Islamic Thought](/source/International_Institute_of_Islamic_Thought) (IIIT) and was a leading figure in the [Islamization of knowledge](/source/Islamization_of_knowledge), advocating for the integration of Islamic principles with contemporary academic disciplines. Al-Faruqi's work emphasized the importance of cultural and religious understanding in addressing global issues.[35]

Khaled Mohamed Khaled, better known by his stage name [DJ Khaled](/source/DJ_Khaled), is an American [hip hop](/source/Hip_hop_music) artist and record producer of [Palestinian](/source/Palestinians) descent who rose to fame in the 2000s with the debut of his first album *[Listennn... the Album](/source/Listennn..._the_Album)* which reached the 12th spot on the [US Billboard 200](/source/Billboard_200) chart.[36]

[Gigi Hadid](/source/Gigi_Hadid) and [Bella Hadid](/source/Bella_Hadid), two sisters who are both models, are of Palestinian descent through their father [Mohamed](/source/Mohamed_Hadid). Both sisters have expressed their public support for Palestine.[37][38]

[Belal Muhammad](/source/Belal_Muhammad), the current UFC Welterweight Champion was born and raised in [Chicago, Illinois](/source/Chicago%2C_Illinois), to Palestinian parents. He often drapes the Palestinian flag around his shoulders both before and after his fights and is vocal in his support for a Free Palestine.

## Politics

### Domestic politics

[Rashida Tlaib](/source/Rashida_Tlaib), the first Palestinian-American woman elected to Congress.

A poll in October 2016 found that 60% of [Arab-American](/source/Arab_Americans) (including Palestinian-Americans) voters voted for [Hillary Clinton](/source/Hillary_Clinton) (with 26% voting for [Donald Trump](/source/Donald_Trump)). The survey found evidence of continued movement by Arab-American voters away from the [Republican Party](/source/Republican_Party_(United_States)), and that 52% of voters identified as [Democrats](/source/Democratic_Party_(United_States)) with only 26% calling themselves Republicans.[39]

#### 2016 Election

Arab Americans who supported Hillary Clinton believed that addressing gun violence, health care, and Social Security were important to electing the President, while those who supported Donald Trump saw combatting terrorism, further regulating government spending, and creating stricter immigration policies as of chief importance after "Jobs and the economy".[39] Both groups believed Hillary Clinton to be a stronger choice when it came to improving education and resolving racial tensions.[39]

#### 2020 Election

Despite 26% of Arab-Americans voting for Trump in 2016, the President's Pro-Israel policies such as the recognition of [Jerusalem](/source/Jerusalem) as [Israel's](/source/Israel) capital by moving the American Embassy from Tel Aviv [to Jerusalem](/source/Embassy_of_the_United_States%2C_Jerusalem) considerably lessened his support from Arab-Americans and Palestinian-Americans in particular.[40] Initiatives such as "Yalla Vote" formed to encourage [Arab](/source/Arab_Americans) voters to register and participate in the [2020 Election](/source/2020_United_States_elections) and boost the number of Arab-American votes. An exit poll indicated that the majority of Arab and Muslim Americans supported Biden in the election, with as much as 81% of Muslim voters casting their support in his favor.[41]

#### 2024 Election

In the leadup to the 2024 election, Palestinians and Arab Americans more broadly were considered a key electorate, particularly in Michigan, which is considered an essential swing state for winning the election.[42] Prominent Arab groups from Michigan had pressured Vice President and presidential candidate Kamala Harris to break from President Biden's staunchly pro-Israel policy and act to end the fighting in Gaza. Other groups with Michigan roots, such as the Uncommitted Movement, decided not to support Harris while urging voters not to support Trump either.[42]

In response to concerns, Harris made efforts to reach out to Arab American leaders in the community, setting up a meeting in which she discussed her consternation about the scale of suffering in Gaza and her efforts to end the war the war there. Harris' VP-pick, Minnesota governor [Tim Walz](/source/Tim_Walz), separately addressed Democratic Muslim groups with a promise to keep an open door to discussion and working to secure an end to the war, simultaneously pointing to Trump's documented history of Islamophobic policies and anti-Palestinian rhetoric.[43]

Granular data following Harris' defeat showed Trump and Jill Stein coming away with a substantial portion of the Arab Muslim vote; in the Detroit suburb of [Dearborn](/source/Dearborn%2C_Michigan), Trump won 42% of votes, followed by Harris at 36% and Stein at 18%.[44] While demographic groups across Michigan trended to the right from 2020, the change was particularly pronounced in Dearborn, which had overwhelmingly supported Biden (by a 3:1 margin) in 2020.[45] A similar swing was noted in [Hamtramck](/source/Hamtramck%2C_Michigan), Michigan, the first majority-Muslim city in the US. With an estimated 200,000+ registered Muslim voters in Michigan, and Trump's winning margin of 84,000 votes, the lost Muslim and Arab votes significantly harmed Harris' bid to win Michigan.[44]

Exit polls found that between 50 percent and 63 percent of US Muslim voters supported Harris.[45] Several Muslim and Arab voters who pivoted from supporting Biden in 2020 to Trump or Stein in 2024 mentioned wanting to exact accountability and punish Democrats for their perceived complicity in "genocide in Gaza", as well as an inability to procure a sustained ceasefire.[45]

### Foreign politics

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (September 2025)

### Government

[Ammar Campa-Najjar](/source/Ammar_Campa-Najjar) is a [Democratic](/source/Democratic_Party_(United_States)) candidate of Palestinian and Mexican Heritage from [East County](/source/East_County%2C_San_Diego) who ran for Congress to represent [California's 50th congressional district](/source/California's_50th_congressional_district) in 2020.[46] Ammar worked as a campaign official in San Diego raising awareness and helping to get [President Barack Obama](/source/Barack_Obama) reelected in 2012.[47] His opponent in the 2020 electoral season is [Darrell Issa](/source/Darrell_Issa) (another Arab-American of [Lebanese](/source/Lebanese_people), [German](/source/Germanic_peoples) and Bohemian ([Czech](/source/Czechs)) ancestry).

Only a couple Americans of Palestinian ancestry have served or are currently serving as members of Congress. [Rashida Tlaib](/source/Rashida_Tlaib), an American born to Palestinian parents, is a [Democratic](/source/Democratic_Party_(United_States)) congresswoman of the [Michigan House of Representatives](/source/Michigan_House_of_Representatives), who ran for [U.S. House of Representatives](/source/U.S._House_of_Representatives) seat from [Michigan's 13th congressional district](/source/Michigan's_13th_congressional_district). She became one of the first Muslim women elected to Congress (along with [Somali-American](/source/Somali-American) [Ilhan Omar](/source/Ilhan_Omar) of Minnesota), and the first Palestinian-American woman in Congress.[48][49] [Justin Amash](/source/Justin_Amash) was a [Republican](/source/Republican_Party_(United_States))-turned [independent](/source/Independent_politician) congressman of Palestinian ancestry, serving in the [U.S House of Representatives](/source/United_States_House_of_Representatives) representing [Michigan](/source/Michigan)'s [3rd District](/source/Michigan's_3rd_congressional_district).

At the State level, [Athena Salman](/source/Athena_Salman) of the [Arizona House of Representatives](/source/Arizona_House_of_Representatives) is of Palestinian ancestry. Palestinian-American [Iman Jodeh](/source/Iman_Jodeh) was elected to the [Colorado House of Representatives](/source/Colorado_House_of_Representatives) in the [2020 United States elections](/source/2020_United_States_elections).[50] [Fady Qaddoura](/source/Fady_Qaddoura), born on the [West Bank](/source/West_Bank) was elected to the [Indiana Senate](/source/Indiana_Senate) in 2020.[51]

## See also

- [Palestine portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Palestine)
- [United States portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_States)

- [Arab Americans](/source/Arab_Americans)

- [Palestinian Christians](/source/Palestinian_Christians)

- [Palestinian cuisine](/source/Palestinian_cuisine)

- [Palestinian diaspora](/source/Palestinian_diaspora)

- [History of Palestinians in Los Angeles](/source/History_of_Palestinians_in_Los_Angeles)

- [Palestine–United States relations](/source/Palestine%E2%80%93United_States_relations)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ACS2023_1-0)** ["American Community Survey Palestinians 2023"](https://data.census.gov/table/ACSSPP1Y2023.S0201?q=Palestinian). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 27, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NYCLargestPalestinianPopulation_2-0)** ["Largest Palestinian Community in the United States by City"](https://zipatlas.com/us/city-comparison/largest-palestinian-community.htm). *Zip Atlas*. Retrieved May 24, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["More Palestinians live in Cook County than any other county in the nation"](https://www.wbez.org/race-class-communities/2023/11/16/cook-county-has-more-palestinians-than-any-other-county). *WBEZ*. November 16, 2023. Retrieved July 10, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["1982 Versus 2024: A Tale of Three Cities"](https://www.aaiusa.org/library/1982-versus-2024-a-tale-of-three-cities). *Arab American Institute*. February 19, 2024. Retrieved July 10, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Palestinian Americans facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Palestinian Americans"](http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/palestinian-americans). *www.encyclopedia.com*. Retrieved January 30, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [*Palestine Census ( 1922)*](http://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Palestinian Americans"](https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/palestinian-americans). *Encyclopedia.com*. Retrieved October 22, 2020.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Palestinian_Americans_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Palestinian_Americans_8-1) [Kurson, Ken](/source/Ken_Kurson). ["Palestinian Americans"](http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Pa-Sp/Palestinian-Americans.html). everyculture.com. Retrieved July 21, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:0_9-0)** Niva, Steve (September 23, 2019). ["Countering the Surveillance State"](https://merip.org/2019/09/countering-the-surveillance-state/). *MERIP*. Retrieved October 6, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Illinois Arab American Community"](http://www.arabamerica.com/illinois/). *Arab America*. Retrieved January 16, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Palestinians"](http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/946.html). *www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org*. Retrieved January 31, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Herman, Max (August 7, 2015). ["They call it Little Palestine"](https://www.chicagoreporter.com/they-call-it-little-palestine/). *The Chicago Reporter*. Retrieved October 6, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Abowd, Mary. ["Arab Community has Deep Roots in Chicago"](http://www.chicagoreporter.com/arab-community-has-deep-roots-chicago/). *The Chicago Reporter*. Retrieved July 10, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-PalestinianPaterson1_14-0)** Adely, Hannan (July 19, 2014). ["Hundreds of Palestinians rally in Paterson in protest of Israeli military campaign"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140724011034/http://www.northjersey.com/news/world/local-community-shows-support-of-palestinians-1.1054058). North Jersey Media Group. Archived from [the original](http://www.northjersey.com/news/world/local-community-shows-support-of-palestinians-1.1054058) on July 24, 2014. Retrieved July 19, 2014.

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## External links

- [Palestinian American Council](http://www.pac-usa.org/)

- [Arab Americans: Demographics](http://www.aaiusa.org/demographics) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161023235625/http://www.aaiusa.org/demographics) October 23, 2016, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

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The Assured Way of the Lord Church of Israel The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite) Church of Jesus Christ (Cutlerite) Church of Jesus Christ (Drewite) Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) Church of Jesus Christ Restored 1830 Church of Jesus Christ (Zion's Branch) Community of Christ[a] Remnant Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Remnant fellowships Restoration Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Restored Church of Jesus Christ Fundamentalist Apostolic United Brethren Centennial Park group Church of Jesus Christ in Solemn Assembly Church of Jesus Christ (Original Doctrine) Inc. 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Bible Student Free Bible Students Jehovah's Witnesses Armstrongism Church of God International (United States) Church of God Preparing for the Kingdom of God Church of the Great God Grace Communion International[e] House of Yahweh Intercontinental Church of God Living Church of God Philadelphia Church of God Restored Church of God United Church of God Syncretic Christianity Evangelical Orthodox Church Orthodox-Catholic Church of America ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Part of the National Council of Churches ^ a b Not in communion with the rest of the Catholic Church ^ Those are traditions and denominations that trace their history back to the Protestant Reformation or otherwise heavily borrow from the practices and beliefs of the Protestant Reformers. ^ This denomination is the result of a merger between Lutheran, German Reformed, Congregational and Restorationist churches. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Part of the National Association of Evangelicals ^ a b c d This refers to the denomination's heritage and not necessarily to the language in which the services are conducted in. ^ This is a reformed synod within the United Church of Christ that is distinct in heritage, doctrine and practice from the rest of the denomination. ^ a b Outside the Anglican Communion ^ a b c d e f This is more of a movement then an institutionalized denomination. ^ Denominations that don't fit in the subsets mentioned above. ^ Those are traditions and denominations that trace their origin back to the Great Awakenings and/or are joined together by a common belief that Christianity should be restored along the lines of what is known about the apostolic early church. ^ The Holiness movement is an interdenominational movement that spreads over multiple traditions (Methodist, Quakers, Anabaptist, Baptist, etc.). However, here are mentioned only those denominations that are part of Restorationism as well as the Holiness movement, but are not part of any other Protestant tradition. 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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Palestinian Americans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Americans) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Americans?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.
