# POLR2B

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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

POLR2B Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 5IY9, 5IYA, 5IYC, 5IYB, 5IY7, 5IY8, 5IYD, 5IY6 Identifiers Aliases POLR2B, POL2RB, RPB2, hRPB140, hsRPB2, polymerase (RNA) II subunit B, RNA polymerase II subunit B External IDs OMIM: 180661; MGI: 2388280; HomoloGene: 722; GeneCards: POLR2B; OMA:POLR2B - orthologs Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 4 (human)[1] Band 4q12 Start 56,977,722 bp[1] End 57,031,158 bp[1] Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5|5 C3.3 Start 77,457,994 bp[2] End 77,497,171 bp[2] RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in epithelium of nasopharynx germinal epithelium endothelial cell middle temporal gyrus tibia human penis gingival epithelium Brodmann area 23 parietal pleura Achilles tendon Top expressed in saccule otic placode otic vesicle primitive streak hair follicle ciliary body ureter genital tubercle medullary collecting duct vestibular membrane of cochlear duct More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity DNA binding nucleotidyltransferase activity ribonucleoside binding RNA polymerase II activity chromatin binding metal ion binding DNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity protein binding RNA binding Cellular component membrane RNA polymerase II, core complex nucleus nucleoplasm Biological process mRNA splicing, via spliceosome somatic stem cell population maintenance transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter 7-methylguanosine mRNA capping transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of viral transcription transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway transcription, DNA-templated RNA metabolic process regulation of gene silencing by miRNA Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5431 231329 Ensembl ENSG00000047315 ENSMUSG00000029250 UniProt P30876 Q8CFI7 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001303269 NM_000938 NM_001303268 NM_153798 RefSeq (protein) NP_000929 NP_001290197 NP_001290198 NP_722493 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 56.98 – 57.03 Mb Chr 5: 77.46 – 77.5 Mb PubMed search [3] [4] Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

**DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB2** is an [enzyme](/source/Enzyme) that in humans is encoded by the *POLR2B* [gene](/source/Gene).[5][6]

This gene encodes the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. This subunit, in combination with at least two other polymerase subunits, forms a structure within the polymerase that maintains contact in the active site of the enzyme between the DNA template and the newly synthesized RNA.[7]

## Interactions

POLR2B has been shown to [interact](/source/Protein-protein_interaction) with [POLR2C](/source/POLR2C),[8] [POLR2E](/source/POLR2E),[8] [POLR2H](/source/POLR2H)[8] and [POLR2L](/source/POLR2L).[8]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2) [GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000047315](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000047315) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2) [GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029250](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000029250) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Human PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=5431). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Mouse PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=231329). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid1518060_5-0)** Acker J, Wintzerith M, Vigneron M, et al. (October 1992). "Primary structure of the second largest subunit of human RNA polymerase II (or B)". *J Mol Biol*. **226** (4): 1295–9. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/0022-2836(92)91071-V](https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-2836%2892%2991071-V). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [1518060](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1518060).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid8034326_6-0)** Acker J, Mattei MG, Wintzerith M, et al. (August 1994). "Chromosomal localization of human RNA polymerase II subunit genes". *Genomics*. **20** (3): 496–9. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1006/geno.1994.1208](https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fgeno.1994.1208). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8034326](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8034326).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Entrez Gene: POLR2B polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide B, 140kDa"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5431).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pmid9201987_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pmid9201987_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-pmid9201987_8-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-pmid9201987_8-3) Acker J, de Graaff M, Cheynel I, et al. (July 1997). ["Interactions between the human RNA polymerase II subunits"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.272.27.16815). *J. Biol. Chem*. **272** (27). UNITED STATES: 16815–21. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.272.27.16815](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.272.27.16815). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0021-9258](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9258). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9201987](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9201987).

## Further reading

- Jeang KT (1998). "Tat, Tat-associated kinase, and transcription". *J. Biomed. Sci*. **5** (1): 24–7. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/BF02253352](https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02253352). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9570510](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9570510).

- Yankulov K, Bentley D (1998). ["Transcriptional control: Tat cofactors and transcriptional elongation"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0960-9822%2898%2970289-1). *Curr. Biol*. **8** (13): R447–9. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1998CBio....8.R447Y](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998CBio....8.R447Y). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70289-1](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0960-9822%2898%2970289-1). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9651670](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9651670). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [15480646](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15480646).

- Romano G, Kasten M, De Falco G, et al. (2000). "Regulatory functions of Cdk9 and of cyclin T1 in HIV tat transactivation pathway gene expression". *J. Cell. Biochem*. **75** (3): 357–68. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991201)75:3<357::AID-JCB1>3.0.CO;2-K](https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-4644%2819991201%2975%3A3%3C357%3A%3AAID-JCB1%3E3.0.CO%3B2-K). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10536359](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10536359). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [43685090](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:43685090).

- Marcello A, Zoppé M, Giacca M (2002). ["Multiple modes of transcriptional regulation by the HIV-1 Tat transactivator"](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F152165401753544241). *IUBMB Life*. **51** (3): 175–81. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/152165401753544241](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F152165401753544241). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11547919](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11547919). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [10931640](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10931640).

- Stevens M, De Clercq E, Balzarini J (2007). ["The regulation of HIV-1 transcription: molecular targets for chemotherapeutic intervention"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7168390). *Med Res Rev*. **26** (5): 595–625. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/med.20081](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fmed.20081). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [7168390](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7168390). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [16838299](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16838299).

- Harrich D, McMillan N, Munoz L, et al. (2007). "Will diverse Tat interactions lead to novel antiretroviral drug targets?". *Current Drug Targets*. **7** (12): 1595–606. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2174/138945006779025338](https://doi.org/10.2174%2F138945006779025338). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [17168834](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17168834).

- Kato H, Sumimoto H, Pognonec P, et al. (1992). ["HIV-1 Tat acts as a processivity factor in vitro in conjunction with cellular elongation factors"](https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgad.6.4.655). *Genes Dev*. **6** (4): 655–66. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1101/gad.6.4.655](https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgad.6.4.655). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [1559613](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1559613).

- Southgate C, Zapp ML, Green MR (1990). "Activation of transcription by HIV-1 Tat protein tethered to nascent RNA through another protein". *Nature*. **345** (6276): 640–2. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1990Natur.345..640S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990Natur.345..640S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/345640a0](https://doi.org/10.1038%2F345640a0). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [2190099](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2190099). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [4233742](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4233742).

- Zheng XM, Black D, Chambon P, et al. (1990). "Sequencing and expression of complementary DNA for the general transcription factor BTF3". *Nature*. **344** (6266): 556–9. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1990Natur.344..556Z](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990Natur.344..556Z). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/344556a0](https://doi.org/10.1038%2F344556a0). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [2320128](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2320128). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [4227320](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4227320).

- Wu-Baer F, Sigman D, [Gaynor RB](/source/Richard_Gaynor) (1995). ["Specific binding of RNA polymerase II to the human immunodeficiency virus trans-activating region RNA is regulated by cellular cofactors and Tat"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC41297). *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A*. **92** (16): 7153–7. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1995PNAS...92.7153W](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995PNAS...92.7153W). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1073/pnas.92.16.7153](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.92.16.7153). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [41297](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC41297). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [7638159](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7638159).

- Herrmann CH, Rice AP (1995). ["Lentivirus Tat proteins specifically associate with a cellular protein kinase, TAK, that hyperphosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II: candidate for a Tat cofactor"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC188757). *J. Virol*. **69** (3): 1612–20. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1128/JVI.69.3.1612-1620.1995](https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJVI.69.3.1612-1620.1995). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [188757](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC188757). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [7853496](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7853496).

- Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, et al. (1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". *Anal. Biochem*. **236** (1): 107–13. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1006/abio.1996.0138](https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fabio.1996.0138). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8619474](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8619474).

- Keen NJ, Gait MJ, Karn J (1996). ["Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Tat is an integral component of the activated transcription-elongation complex"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC39827). *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A*. **93** (6): 2505–10. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1996PNAS...93.2505K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PNAS...93.2505K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1073/pnas.93.6.2505](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.93.6.2505). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [39827](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC39827). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8637904](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8637904).

- Yang X, Herrmann CH, Rice AP (1996). ["The human immunodeficiency virus Tat proteins specifically associate with TAK in vivo and require the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II for function"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC190394). *J. Virol*. **70** (7): 4576–84. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1128/JVI.70.7.4576-4584.1996](https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJVI.70.7.4576-4584.1996). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [190394](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC190394). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8676484](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8676484).

- Agostini I, Navarro JM, Rey F, et al. (1996). "The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr transactivator: cooperation with promoter-bound activator domains and binding to TFIIB". *J. Mol. Biol*. **261** (5): 599–606. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1006/jmbi.1996.0485](https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fjmbi.1996.0485). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8800208](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8800208).

- Zhou Q, Sharp PA (1996). "Tat-SF1: cofactor for stimulation of transcriptional elongation by HIV-1 Tat". *Science*. **274** (5287): 605–10. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1996Sci...274..605Z](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996Sci...274..605Z). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1126/science.274.5287.605](https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.274.5287.605). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8849451](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8849451). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [13266489](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13266489).

- Okamoto H, Sheline CT, Corden JL, et al. (1996). ["Trans-activation by human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein requires the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC38099). *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A*. **93** (21): 11575–9. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1996PNAS...9311575O](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PNAS...9311575O). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1073/pnas.93.21.11575](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.93.21.11575). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [38099](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC38099). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8876177](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8876177).

- Chun RF, Jeang KT (1996). ["Requirements for RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain for activated transcription of human retroviruses human T-cell lymphotropic virus I and HIV-1"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.271.44.27888). *J. Biol. Chem*. **271** (44): 27888–94. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.271.44.27888](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.271.44.27888). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [8910388](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8910388).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [POLR2B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POLR2B) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POLR2B?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.