# PLS3

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**Plastin-3** is a highly conserved [protein](/source/Protein) that in humans is encoded by the *PLS3* [gene](/source/Gene) on the X chromosome.[1][2]

## Function

Plastins are a family of [actin](/source/Actin)-binding proteins that are conserved throughout [eukaryote](/source/Eukaryote) evolution and expressed in most tissues of higher eukaryotes. In humans, two ubiquitous plastin isoforms (L and T) have been identified. Plastin 1 (otherwise known as [Fimbrin](/source/Fimbrin)) is a third distinct plastin isoform which is specifically expressed at high levels in the small intestine. The L isoform is expressed only in [hemopoietic](/source/Hemopoietic) cell lineages, while the T isoform has been found in all other normal cells of solid tissues that have replicative potential (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, melanocytes, etc.). The C-terminal 570 amino acids of the T-plastin and L-plastin proteins are 83% identical. It contains a potential [calcium](/source/Calcium_in_biology)-binding site near the [N-terminus](/source/N-terminus).[2]

## Clinical significance

Defects in PLS3 are associated with [osteoporosis](/source/Osteoporosis) and bone fracture in humans and in [knockout](/source/Gene_knockout) zebrafish.[3]

## References

1. Lin CS, Park T, Chen ZP, Leavitt J (Mar 1993). "Human plastin genes. Comparative gene structure, chromosome location, and differential expression in normal and neoplastic cells". *J Biol Chem*. **268** (4): 2781–92. [doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53842-4](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53842-4). [PMID 8428952](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8428952)

1. ["Entrez Gene: PLS3 plastin 3 (T isoform)"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5358)

1. van Dijk FS, Zillikens MC, Micha D, Riessland M, Marcelis CL, de Die-Smulders CE, Milbradt J, Franken AA, Harsevoort AJ, Lichtenbelt KD (October 2013). "PLS3 Mutations in X-Linked Osteoporosis with Fractures". *N. Engl. J. Med.*. **369** (16): 1529–36. [CiteSeerX 10.1.1.713.901](https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.713.901). [doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1308223](https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1308223). [PMID 24088043](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24088043)

## Further reading

- Lin CS, Aebersold RH, Leavitt J (1990). "Correction of the N-terminal sequences of the human plastin isoforms by using anchored polymerase chain reaction: identification of a potential calcium-binding domain". *Mol. Cell. Biol.*. **10** (4): 1818–21. [doi:10.1128/MCB.10.4.1818](https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.10.4.1818). [PMC 362293](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC362293). [PMID 2378651](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2378651)
- Lin CS, Aebersold RH, Kent SB, etal (1988). "Molecular cloning and characterization of plastin, a human leukocyte protein expressed in transformed human fibroblasts". *Mol. Cell. Biol.*. **8** (11): 4659–68. [doi:10.1128/MCB.8.11.4659](https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.8.11.4659). [PMC 365555](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC365555). [PMID 3211125](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3211125)
- Goldstein D, Djeu J, Latter G, etal (1985). "Abundant synthesis of the transformation-induced protein of neoplastic human fibroblasts, plastin, in normal lymphocytes". *Cancer Res.*. **45** (11 Pt 2): 5643–7. [PMID 4053036](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4053036)
- Arpin M, Friederich E, Algrain M, etal (1995). "Functional differences between L- and T-plastin isoforms". *J. Cell Biol.*. **127** (6 Pt 2): 1995–2008. [doi:10.1083/jcb.127.6.1995](https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.127.6.1995). [PMC 2120298](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2120298). [PMID 7806577](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7806577)
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". *Gene*. **138** (1–2): 171–4. [doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8](https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8). [PMID 8125298](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8125298)
- Lin CS, Shen W, Chen ZP, etal (1994). "Identification of I-plastin, a human fimbrin isoform expressed in intestine and kidney". *Mol. Cell. Biol.*. **14** (4): 2457–67. [doi:10.1128/mcb.14.4.2457](https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.4.2457). [PMC 358613](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC358613). [PMID 8139549](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8139549)
- Goldsmith SC, Pokala N, Shen W, etal (1997). "The structure of an actin-crosslinking domain from human fimbrin". *Nat. Struct. Biol.*. **4** (9): 708–12. [doi:10.1038/nsb0997-708](https://doi.org/10.1038/nsb0997-708). [PMID 9302997](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9302997). [S2CID 9506514](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9506514)
- Shoeman RL, Hartig R, Hauses C, Traub P (2003). "Organization of focal adhesion plaques is disrupted by action of the HIV-1 protease". *Cell Biol. Int.*. **26** (6): 529–39. [doi:10.1006/cbir.2002.0895](https://doi.org/10.1006/cbir.2002.0895). [PMID 12119179](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12119179). [S2CID 39778155](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:39778155)
- Rao RM, Rama S, Rao AJ (2004). "Changes in T-plastin expression with human trophoblast differentiation". *Reprod. Biomed. Online*. **7** (2): 235–42. [doi:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61758-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61758-0). [PMID 14567899](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14567899)
- Su MW, Dorocicz I, Dragowska WH, etal (2004). "Aberrant expression of T-plastin in Sezary cells". *Cancer Res.*. **63** (21): 7122–7. [PMID 14612505](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14612505)
- Giganti A, Plastino J, Janji B, etal (2005). "Actin-filament cross-linking protein T-plastin increases Arp2/3-mediated actin-based movement". *J. Cell Sci.*. **118** (Pt 6): 1255–65. [doi:10.1242/jcs.01698](https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.01698). [PMID 15741236](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15741236)
- Ralser M, Nonhoff U, Albrecht M, etal (2005). "Ataxin-2 and huntingtin interact with endophilin-A complexes to function in plastin-associated pathways". *Hum. Mol. Genet.*. **14** (19): 2893–909. [doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi321](https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddi321). [hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-85BB-5](https://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0010-85BB-5). [PMID 16115810](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16115810)
- Ikeda H, Sasaki Y, Kobayashi T, etal (2006). "The role of T-fimbrin in the response to DNA damage: silencing of T-fimbrin by small interfering RNA sensitizes human liver cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents". *Int. J. Oncol.*. **27** (4): 933–40. [doi:10.3892/ijo.27.4.933](https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.27.4.933). [PMID 16142308](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16142308)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [PLS3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS3) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLS3?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.