# Oxiana

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For the Australian mining company, see [Oxiana Limited](/source/Oxiana_Limited).

**Oxiana** is the region surrounding the [Amu Darya](/source/Amu_Darya) River which flows along [Afghanistan](/source/Afghanistan)'s northern border separating it from [Tajikistan](/source/Tajikistan) and [Uzbekistan](/source/Uzbekistan) before turning northwest into [Turkmenistan](/source/Turkmenistan) to the [Aral Sea](/source/Aral_Sea).

In ancient times, the river was known as the Oxus in [Greek](/source/Greek_language). The area was known to the Greeks as [Bactria](/source/Bactria) from the name of its capital and central city of [Bactra](/source/Balkh). In the Middle [Bronze Age](/source/Bronze_Age), the region was home to what is now known as the [Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex](/source/Bactria%E2%80%93Margiana_Archaeological_Complex), also known as the Oxus Civilization.

[Robert Byron](/source/Robert_Byron_(travel_writer)) wrote about Oxiana in his book *[The Road to Oxiana](/source/The_Road_to_Oxiana)*, describing his ten-month-long journey to [Persia](/source/Persia) and [Afghanistan](/source/Afghanistan) in 1933–34, which included visiting the remains of Bactra at Balkh.[1]

## References

1. Byron, Robert; *The Road to Oxiana*, Pimlico Edition, 2004

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