# OverDrive, Inc. > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/OverDrive,_Inc. > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/OverDrive,_Inc..md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OverDrive%2C_Inc. > Source revision: 1356579468 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) For other uses, see [Overdrive (disambiguation)](/source/Overdrive_(disambiguation)). **OverDrive, Inc.** is a worldwide digital distributor of [ebooks](/source/Ebooks), [audiobooks](/source/Audiobook), [online magazines](/source/Online_magazine) and [streaming video](/source/Streaming_media) titles. The company provides [digital rights management](/source/Digital_rights_management) and download fulfillment services for publishers, [public libraries](/source/Public_libraries), K–12 schools, colleges, universities, corporations, legal industries, and formerly retailers. The largest commercial provider of ebooks, audiobooks, and other digital content such as streaming videos in the world, a 2023 report estimated its market share as perhaps being upwards of 90%.[1]:11 OverDrive operates the ebook and audiobook app [Libby](/source/Libby_(service)), the video streaming app [Kanopy](/source/Kanopy) and the educational app Sora. ## History OverDrive was founded in 1986[2] and originally converted [analog media](/source/Analog_media) to [digital formats](/source/Digital_media), such as interactive [diskettes](/source/Diskettes) and [CD-ROMs](/source/CD-ROM).[3] In 2000, the company opened [Content Reserve](/source/Content_Reserve), an online [eBook](/source/Ebook) and downloadable [audiobook](/source/Audiobook) repository from which its distribution business developed.[4] Before entering the library market, OverDrive distributed eBooks to online stores. In 2002, OverDrive was selected as the distributor of [HarperCollins](/source/HarperCollins)’ eBooks to the publisher's online retail stores.[5] OverDrive launched web stores for [Harlequin Enterprises](/source/Harlequin_Enterprises) in 2005.[6] In 2008, OverDrive announced that it would provide download services for [Borders Books](/source/Borders_Books).[7] On September 21, 2011, OverDrive began supporting [Kindle](/source/Kindle_File_Format) public library book borrowing.[8] In 2012, the company announced a series of service upgrades, including a browser-based [eReader](/source/E-reader), and audiobook [streaming](/source/Streaming_media), which enabled access to audiobooks via the company’s [OverDrive Media Console](/source/OverDrive_Media_Console) app. The company also developed a media station, which allows users to browse their library's digital collection on touchscreen monitors and internet workstations. An API is available which allows developers to integrate OverDrive content into various apps and platforms.[9] The company announced a partnership with LexisNexis to provide the LexisNexis Digital Library, a customized eLending platform for the legal library market.[10] Nokia partnered with OverDrive to launch Nokia Reading, an eReading app and service for Nokia's [Lumia](/source/Nokia_Lumia) 900, 800, 710, and 610 [Windows Phone](/source/Windows_Phone) devices.[11][12] In 2014, OverDrive completed its headquarters in the [Cleveland](/source/Cleveland) suburb of [Garfield Heights, Ohio](/source/Garfield_Heights,_Ohio).[13] In April 2015, [Rakuten](/source/Rakuten) bought OverDrive for $410 million, with the deal set to close in April 2015.[14] OverDrive CEO Steve Potash remained in his position and OverDrive kept its name while operating under Rakuten USA.[15][16] In 2019, it was reported that private equity firm [KKR](/source/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts) would be purchasing OverDrive from [Rakuten](/source/Rakuten).[14] The estimate market value was $775 million in 2019.[1]:11 The acquisition was finalized in June 2020.[17] In June 2020, [RBMedia](/source/RBMedia) sold its library assets to OverDrive; this includes RBDigital, an app and service for the distribution of digital content. RBMedia and OverDrive are both owned by KKR, with KKR's OverDrive purchase concluded in June 2020.[14] The sale of RBMedia's library division to OverDrive represents a merger of KKR's related assets.[18][19] On June 9, 2021, it was announced that OverDrive had reached a deal to acquire [Kanopy](/source/Kanopy), a leading on-demand streaming video platform for public and academic libraries. The acquisition was completed on July 15, 2021.[20] In March of 2023, the company announced plans to sunset its flagship OverDrive app on May 1, 2023. OverDrive's new business model is to transition users to the newer [Libby](/source/Libby_(service)) reading app, which allows public, corporate and academic library systems to provide digital content to members of their respective library's network.[21] The content consists of digital books, audiobooks, magazines and an extras section displaying all the databases and streaming media services that public, corporate and academic libraries have to offer to their users. ## Reception ### Connection to local library The 2023 [American Library Association](/source/American_Library_Association) report on the Digital Public Library Ecosystem found that younger users of the apps largely did not realize that local libraries paid for the services they received through apps like OverDrive's Libby.[1]:13 ### Data privacy The 2023 American Library Association report on the Digital Public Library Ecosystem could not determine what user data Amazon could use and access from books read on the Kindle app through the partnership with Libby.[1]:11-12 ### State funding In March of 2025, the [Missouri](/source/Missouri) [Secretary of State](/source/Secretary_of_state) [Denny Hoskins](/source/Denny_Hoskins) suspended state funding to OverDrive for use in K-12 school libraries pending investigation of "allegations regarding inappropriate materials accessible to minors."[22] The news release announcing the suspension did not provide any details on the nature or source of the allegations.[23] In response to the funding suspension, the [Missouri Library Association](/source/Missouri_Library_Association) stated that school librarians have direct control over what materials students can access on OverDrive's platforms, and that librarians are able to categorize access based on students' age to ensure that younger students cannot access materials that are suited for older students.[24] ## See also - [Adobe Content Server](/source/Adobe_Content_Server) - [Axis360](/source/Baker_%26_Taylor#Offerings) - [Digital library](/source/Digital_library) - [Hoopla (digital media service)](/source/Hoopla_(digital_media_service)) - [Publishing](/source/Publishing) ## References 1. Rachel Noorda and Kathi Inman Berens. ["Digital Public Library Ecosystem 2023"](https://www.ala.org/advocacy/sites/ala.org.advocacy/files/content/ebooks/Digital-PL-Ecosystem-Report%20(1).pdf). [American Library Association](/source/American_Library_Association). 1. Reidel, Jeff (February 26, 2018). ["OverDrive steering success in Northeast Ohio"](https://www.wkyc.com/article/news/local/cleveland/overdrive-steering-success-in-northeast-ohio/95-523564785). *WKYC*. Retrieved July 11, 2018. 1. McDonnell, Sean (December 16, 2023). ["Libraries loaning e-books; There's the Libby app for that, and a Clevelander made it"](https://www.cleveland.com/news/2023/12/the-app-for-libraries-loaning-out-e-books-its-overdrive-and-a-clevelander-made-it.html). *[The Plain Dealer](/source/The_Plain_Dealer)*. Retrieved December 20, 2023. 1. ["eBook Distribution Goes Global; OverDrive Content Reserve Creates International and Multi-lingual Marketplace."](http://www.allbusiness.com/technology/software-services-applications-markup/6134419-1.html). *AllBusiness.com* 1. ["HarperCollins Launches Four Ebook Stores"](http://www.writenews.com/2002/120602_perfectbound_international.htm) 1. ["Harlequin Enterprises Announces the Launch of E-Book Program"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110517014752/http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4773958/Harlequin-Enterprises-Announces-the-Launch.html). Archived from [the original](http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4773958/Harlequin-Enterprises-Announces-the-Launch.html) on May 17, 2011. 1. ["OverDrive Powers Digital Audiobook Service for Borders"](https://web.archive.org/web/20100102030711/http://overdrive.com/aboutus/getArticle.aspx?newsArticleID=20080310). Archived from [the original](http://overdrive.com/aboutus/getArticle.aspx?newsArticleID=20080310) on January 2, 2010. Retrieved April 11, 2008. 1. Fleishman, Glenn (September 23, 2011). ["OverDrive Adds Kindle-Format Titles to Library Ebook Lending"](https://tidbits.com/2011/09/23/overdrive-adds-kindle-format-titles-to-library-ebook-lending/). *TidBits*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190606074658/https://tidbits.com/2011/09/23/overdrive-adds-kindle-format-titles-to-library-ebook-lending/) June 6, 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 21, 2022. 1. ["OverDrive's Next Generation eBook Service to Extend Value of Digital Libraries"](https://company.overdrive.com/overdrives-next-generation-ebook-service-to-extend-value-of-digital-libraries). *OverDrive.com* 1. ["LexisNexis Announces LexisNexis Digital Library"](http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120423005925/en/LexisNexis-Announces-LexisNexis-Digital-Library). Retrieved November 18, 2017. 1. ["OverDrive and Nokia Reading"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120622031116/http://overdriveblogs.com/distribution/2012/06/12/overdrive-and-nokia-reading/). Archived from [the original](http://overdriveblogs.com/distribution/2012/06/12/overdrive-and-nokia-reading/) on June 22, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2012. 1. Lunden, Ingrid (May 11, 2012). ["No Tablet News From Nokia, But It's Launching A Reading App Powered By OverDrive"](https://techcrunch.com/2012/05/11/no-tablet-news-yet-from-nokia-but-it-is-launching-its-e-reader-reading-app/). *[TechCrunch](/source/TechCrunch)*. Retrieved August 24, 2024. 1. ["Fast-growing OverDrive shows off new HQ"](https://www.crainscleveland.com/article/20130412/FREE/130419911/fast-growing-overdrive-shows-off-new-hq). *Crain's Cleveland Business*. April 12, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2020. 1. Gross, Daniel A (September 2, 2021). ["An App Called Libby and the Surprisingly Big Business of Library E-Books"](https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-communications/an-app-called-libby-and-the-surprisingly-big-business-of-library-e-books). *The New Yorker*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210902101851/https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-communications/an-app-called-libby-and-the-surprisingly-big-business-of-library-e-books) September 2, 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 22, 2022. 1. Milliot, Jim (March 19, 2015). ["Rakuten to Buy OverDrive"](http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/industry-deals/article/65926-rakuten-to-buy-overdrive.html). *Publishers Weekly* 1. ["Rakuten Buys Ebook And Audiobook Platform OverDrive For $410M"](https://techcrunch.com/2015/03/19/rakuten-ovedrive/). *TechCrunch*. March 19, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2020. 1. Milliot, Jim (June 9, 2020). ["KKR Completes OverDrive Purchase"](https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/industry-deals/article/83551-kkr-completes-overdrive-purchase.html). *[Publishers Weekly](/source/Publishers_Weekly)*. Retrieved June 17, 2020. 1. Scott Suttell (June 24, 2020). ["Digital media company OverDrive buys the library assets of audiobook producer RBmedia"](https://www.crainscleveland.com/technology/digital-media-company-overdrive-buys-library-assets-audiobook-producer-rbmedia). Retrieved September 18, 2020. 1. ["OverDrive to Acquire RBdigital from RBmedia"](https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/overdrive-to-acquire-rbdigital-from-rbmedia-301082088.html). *prnewswire.com*. June 23, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020. 1. ["L Squared Capital Partners Announces Pending Sale of Kanopy to OverDrive"](https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210609005766/en/L-Squared-Capital-Partners-Announces-Pending-Sale-of-Kanopy-to-OverDrive). *Business Wire*. June 9, 2021. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210609193409/https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210609005766/en/L-Squared-Capital-Partners-Announces-Pending-Sale-of-Kanopy-to-OverDrive) June 9, 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 21, 2022. 1. Perez (March 28, 2023). ["PS Library e-book app OverDrive to shut down on May 1st, readers directed to Libby instead"](https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/28/library-ebook-app-overdrive-to-shut-down-on-may-1st-readers-directed-to-libby-instead/). *Techcrunch* 1. ["Secretary of State Hoskins Suspends Funding to Overdrive Vendor Amid Content Concerns"](https://www.sos.mo.gov/default.aspx?PageId=10496). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250310230200/https://www.sos.mo.gov/default.aspx?PageId=10496) 2025-03-10 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2025-08-31. 1. ["Missouri Secretary of State pauses funding for OverDrive, used at K-12 libraries"](https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/missouri-secretary-of-state-pauses-funding-for-overdrive-used-at-k-12-libraries). *www.kshb.com*. Retrieved 2025-08-31. 1. ["Missouri Secretary of State pauses funding for OverDrive, used at K-12 libraries"](https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/missouri-secretary-of-state-pauses-funding-for-overdrive-used-at-k-12-libraries). *www.kshb.com*. Retrieved 2025-08-31. --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [OverDrive, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OverDrive%2C_Inc.) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OverDrive%2C_Inc.?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.