# Ostyak

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{{Short description|Historical name for several indigenous peoples of Siberia, Russia}}
{{Other uses|Ostyak (disambiguation)}}
[[File:023 Description of all the Russian state-dwelling peoples - Ein Ostiakischer Hermelin-Fänger, 1790 (crop).jpg|thumb|Illustration of an "Ostyak" [stoat](/source/stoat)-hunter (1793)]]
[[File:View of Beryozovo, 18th century.jpg|thumb|18th century view of [Beryozovo](/source/Beryozovo%2C_Khanty-Mansi_Autonomous_Okrug), including "Ostiac" [canoe](/source/canoe)s.]]
'''Ostyak''' ({{langx|ru|Остя́к}}) is a name formerly used to refer to several [Indigenous peoples](/source/Indigenous_peoples_of_Siberia) and languages in [Siberia](/source/Siberia), [Russia](/source/Russia). Both the [Khanty people](/source/Khanty_people) and the [Ket people](/source/Ket_people) were formerly called Ostyaks, whereas the [Selkup people](/source/Selkup_people) were referred to as Ostyak-Samoyed.

==Khanty==
{{Main |Khanty people |Khanty languages}}
The Khanty people, who also call themselves ''Khanti'', ''Khande'', or ''Kantek'' were known to the Russians as ''[Yugra](/source/Yugra)'' in the eleventh century, with the name ''Ostyak'' first appearing in the sixteenth century. The [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union) began using the [endonym](/source/Exonym_and_endonym) ''Khant'' or ''Khanty'' during the 1930s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Khants or Ostyaks |url=http://www.suri.ee/eup/khants.html |work=Endangered Uralic Peoples |accessdate=2013-07-24}}</ref>

{{As of|2002}} some 28,000 people identify as Khanty, primarily in [Tyumen Oblast](/source/Tyumen_Oblast), which includes the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web|title=Численность коренных малочисленных народов Севера |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220090902/http://www.raipon.org/russian_site/people/people_perepis_2002_rus.htm |archivedate=2006-02-20 |url=http://www.raipon.org/russian_site/people/people_perepis_2002_rus.htm |accessdate=2013-07-24}} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

The Khanty languages, also known as Hanty, Khant, Xanty, or Ostyak, are a [Uralic language](/source/Uralic_languages) group with about 9,500 native speakers.<ref name="Ethnologue">{{Cite book |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=Seventeenth |last1=Lewis |first1=M. Paul |last2=Simons |first2=Gary |last3=Fennig |first3=Charles |year=2013 |publisher=SIL International}}</ref>

==Ket==
[[File:P170b At Levinski Pesok. A civilized Yenisei Samoyede and a Yenisei-Ostiak.jpg|thumb|1913 photograph of "A [civilized](/source/Civilization) [Yenisei Samoyede](/source/Yeniseian_people) and a [Yenisei-Ostiak](/source/Ket_people)."]]
{{Main |Ket people  |Ket language}}
The Kets historically lived near the [Yenisei River](/source/Yenisei_River) in the [Krasnoyarsk Krai](/source/Krasnoyarsk_Krai) district of [Russia](/source/Russia). The [Imperial Russia](/source/Imperial_Russia)ns originally{{when|date=July 2013}} called them ''Ostyak'', and later ''Yenisei Ostyak''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples |url=http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ea210/ket.htm |last=Vajda |first=Edward |accessdate=2013-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406214043/http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ea210/ket.htm |archive-date=2019-04-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fewer than 1,500 people identified themselves as Ket during the 2002 Russian census.<ref name="Census" />

The Ket language, also known as Imbatski-Ket or Yenisei Ostyak, is a [Yeniseian language](/source/Yeniseian_languages). It is considered [severely endangered to moribund](/source/Endangered_language).<ref name="Ethnologue" />

==Selkup==
thumb|Selkup man
{{Main |Selkup people |Selkup languages}}
The Selkup people were known as Ostyak-Samoyeds until the 1930s. They are descended from both Yeniseian and [Samoyedic peoples](/source/Samoyedic_peoples), and live in the northern parts of the Siberian plain. About 4,000 people identified as Selkup during the 2002 Russian census.<ref name="Census" />

The Selkup language, also known as Selkups, Chumyl' Khumyt, Shöl Khumyt, Shösh Gulla, Syusugulla, or Ostyak Samoyed, is a Uralic [Samoyedic language](/source/Samoyedic_languages) with perhaps two thousand or more native speakers. The northern dialect is taught in some schools.<ref name="Ethnologue" />

==See also==
* [Paleosiberian languages](/source/Paleosiberian_languages)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Ostiaks|volume=20|page=359}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East
Category:Languages of Russia
Category:Khanty
Category:Ket people
Category:Selkup people
Category:Ugric peoples
Category:Exonyms

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ostyak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostyak) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostyak?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.