# Orthographical variant

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{{Short description|Mistaken spelling of a scientific name}}
In biology, within the science of [scientific nomenclature](/source/Nomenclature), i.e. the naming of [organism](/source/organism)s, an '''orthographical variant''' (abbreviated '''orth. var.''') in [botany](/source/botany) or an  '''orthographic error''' in [zoology](/source/zoology), is a spelling mistake, typing mistake or writing mistake within a scientific publication that resulted in a somewhat different name being accidentally used for an already-named organism. The rules that govern what to do when this happens are laid out in the relevant codes of nomenclature.

==In botanical names==
In [botanical nomenclature](/source/botanical_nomenclature), an '''orthographical variant''' (abbreviated '''orth. var.''') is a variant spelling of the same name. For example, ''Hieronima''<ref>{{cite web | title=Hieronima Allemão, orth. var. | url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=27459 | work=GRIN Taxonomy for Plants | access-date=2019-08-16}}</ref> and ''Hyeronima''<ref>{{cite web | title=Hyeronima Allemão, orth. var. | url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=17897 | work=GRIN Taxonomy for Plants | access-date=2019-08-16}}</ref> are orthographical variants of ''[Hieronyma](/source/Hieronyma)''. One of the spellings must be treated as the [correct](/source/Correct_name_(botany)) one.<ref name="icbn61">[ICBN](/source/ICBN), [http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm Vienna Code] (2006), Article 61</ref> In this case, the spelling ''Hieronyma'' has been [conserved](/source/conserved_name) and is to be used as the correct spelling. 

An inadvertent use of one of the other spellings has no consequence: the name is to be treated as if it were correctly spelled. Any subsequent use is to be corrected.<ref name="icbn61"/>

Orthographical variants are treated in Art 61 of the ''[ICBN](/source/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae%2C_fungi%2C_and_plants)''.<ref name="icbn61"/>

==In zoological names==
In [zoology](/source/zoology), "orthographical variants" in the formal sense do not exist; a misspelling or orthographic error is treated as a ''[lapsus](/source/lapsus)'', a form of inadvertent error. The [first reviser](/source/first_reviser) is allowed to choose one variant for mandatory further use, but in other ways, these errors generally have no further formal standing. Inadvertent misspellings are treated in Art. 32-33 of the ''[ICZN](/source/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature)''.<ref>{{cite web | title=Article 32. Original spellings | url=https://code.iczn.org/formation-and-treatment-of-names/article-32-original-spellings/?frame=1 | work=INTERNATIONAL CODE OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE | publisher=International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature | date=1999 | access-date=2019-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Article 33. Subsequent spellings | url=https://code.iczn.org/formation-and-treatment-of-names/article-33-subsequent-spellings/?frame=1 | work=INTERNATIONAL CODE OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE | publisher=International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature | date=1999 | access-date=2019-08-16}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

Category:Botanical nomenclature
Category:Zoological nomenclature

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Orthographical variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographical_variant) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographical_variant?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.