# Ortegia
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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Ortegia hispanica 20110811 1.jpg
|image_caption =
|genus = Ortegia
|parent_authority = [Loefl.](/source/Loefl.)
|species = hispanica
|authority = [L.](/source/L.)
|synonyms_ref = [{{cite POWO |id=155866-1 |title=''Ortegia hispanica'' L. |access-date=6 November 2021}}]
|synonyms = {{Species list
|Ortegia dichotoma |Hartmann
|Terogia dichotoma |(Hartmann) Raf. }}
}}
thumb|320x320px|View of the plant in its habitat
'''''Ortegia''''' is a [monotypic](/source/monotypic) genus of [flowering plant](/source/flowering_plant)s belonging to the family [Caryophyllaceae](/source/Caryophyllaceae).[{{cite web |title=''Ortegia'' Loefl. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:6383-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=19 May 2021 |language=en}}] It only contains one known species, '''''Ortegia hispanica'''''.[{{cite journal |last1=Hernández-Ledesma |first1=Patricia |last2=Berendsohn |first2=Walter G. |last3=Borsch |first3=Thomas |last4=Von Mering |first4=Sabine |first5=Hossein |last5=Akhani |display-authors=4 |title=A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales |journal=Willdenowia |date=2015 |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=281–383|doi=10.3372/wi.45.45301 |s2cid=85656868 |doi-access=free }}]
Its native range is the western Mediterranean. It is still found in Portugal and Spain.[{{cite journal |last1=Aedo |first1=Carlos |last2=Medina |first2=Leopoldo |last3=Fernández-Albert |first3=Marta |title=Species richness and endemicity in the Spanish vascular flora |journal=Nordic Journal of Botany |date=August 2013 |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=478–488|doi=10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00009.x }}]
It is now classed as [extinct](/source/Extinction) in Algeria and Italy.[
The Latin [specific epithet](/source/binomial_nomenclature) of ''hispanica'' is derived from [Hispanic](/source/Hispanic) (Spanish: Hispano) which refers to people, cultures, or countries related to Spain. Both the genus and the species were first described and published in C.Linnaeus's book, [Sp. Pl.](/source/Species_Plantarum) on page 560 in 1753.][{{cite book | last=Burkhardt | first=Lotte | title=Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition |trans-title=Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edition | publisher=Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin | year=2018 | isbn=978-3-946292-26-5 | url=https://doi.org/10.3372/epolist2018 |format=pdf |language=German |location=Berlin | doi=10.3372/epolist2018 | s2cid=187926901 |access-date=1 January 2021}}]
''Hispanica'' is a geographical [epithet](/source/epithet) referring to its location in [Hispania](/source/Hispania).
== Description ==
It is a ± glaucous plant, with a woody [stalk](/source/Stalk_(botany)). Stems up to 30(60) cm high, junciform, erect -rarely spreading-, strongly branched from the base, with rigid, angular branches, often strongly scabridged at the top. [Leaves](/source/Leaf) from 5-15(20) x 1-2 mm, shorter than internodes, sessile, entire, achillate, glabrous, often scabrous at margin; scarious [stipules](/source/Stipule), almost setose, swollen basally in a persistent gland, purplish. Flower bracts scarious, linear-lanceolate, with scabrious margin and keel and 2 small purple glands at base. Sepals are 2-2.5(3) mm, ovate-lanceolate, ± acute, keeled and scarious on the keel, greenish, broadly margined scarious, usually sublacinate. [Seeds](/source/Seed) are small, fusiform, honeyed.[{{Cite web |title=Ortegia hispanica en Flora Vascular |url=http://www.floravascular.com/index.php?spp=Ortegia%20hispanica}}][{{Cite book |last=García Muñoz |first=B. |title=Plantas de [Ávila](/source/%C3%81vila), mi ciudad |year=2004 |isbn=84-96264-09-2 |language=es}}]
== Distribution and habitat ==
It is found on uncultivated land, slopes or woody rainfed crops, on sandy, acid, that is, siliceous soils; at an altitude of 300-1500 metres in the central west of the [Iberian Peninsula](/source/Iberian_Peninsula), lacking in coastal areas, and reaches the interior of [Galicia](/source/Galicia_(Spain)) and in the south to points of the [Sierra Morena](/source/Sierra_Morena); reported as adventitious in [Algeria](/source/Algeria) ([Mascara](/source/Mascara%2C_Algeria)) and [Italy](/source/Italy) ([Piedmont](/source/Piedmont)), it seems to have disappeared from these countries, as it has not been collected for a century and a half; there is a modern collection from the ''[Landes de Gascogne](/source/Landes_de_Gascogne)'', where it may be a recent introduction.[{{Cite web |title=''Ortegia hispanica'' |url=http://www.anthos.es |access-date=October 30, 2013 |website=Real Jardín Botánico |publisher=Proyecto Anthos}}]
== Taxonomy ==
''Ortegia hispanica'' was described by [Loefl](/source/Pehr_L%C3%B6fling) ex [L](/source/Carl_Linnaeus). and published in ''[Species Plantarum](/source/Species_Plantarum)'' 560. 1753.[{{Cite web |date=October 30, 2013 |title=''Ortegia hispanica'' |url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/100348855 |website=Tropicos.org. |publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden}}]
=== Cytology ===
Chromosome number of ''Ortegia hispanica'' (Fam. ''[Caryophyllaceae](/source/Caryophyllaceae)'') and infraspecific taxa: 2n=184.[{{Cite journal |last1=Fernandes |first1=A. |last2=M. T. |first2=Leitao |date=1971 |title=Contribution à la connaissance cytotaxinomique des spermatophyta du Portugal |journal=Bol. Soc. Brot. Ser. |series=III. Caryophyllaceae |volume=2 |issue=45 |pages=143–176}}]
=== Synonymy ===
* ''Ortega dichotoma'' L.
* ''Terogia dichotoma'' (L.) Raf.[{{Cite web |title=Ortegia hispanica en PlantList |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2387297}}]
== Common names ==
In [Spanish](/source/Spanish_language): ''arvejaquilla, escobilla, hierba de la sangre, hierba juncosa, juncaria.''