# Orhan Gazi Mosque > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Orhan_Gazi_Mosque > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Orhan_Gazi_Mosque.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Gazi_Mosque > Source revision: 1336277321 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Historic mosque in Bursa, Turkey Orhan Gazi Mosque Orhan Gazi Camii Religion Affiliation Islam Location Location Bursa, Turkey Location of the mosque in Turkey. Coordinates 40°11′2″N 29°03′51″E / 40.18389°N 29.06417°E / 40.18389; 29.06417 Architecture Type Mosque Style Ottoman architecture Groundbreaking 1339 Specifications Minaret 1 Materials brick The **Orhan Gazi Mosque** ([Turkish](/source/Turkish_language): *Orhan Gazi Camii*) is a historic mosque in [Bursa](/source/Bursa), Turkey. It is named after the [Ottoman](/source/Ottoman_Empire) ruler [Orhan](/source/Orhan), who founded the mosque in 1339–40 as part of a larger [charitable complex](/source/K%C3%BClliye). It is one of the oldest surviving monuments commissioned by the [Ottoman dynasty](/source/Ottoman_dynasty).[1] ## History The Arabic foundation inscription over the mosque's entrance The mosque was built by the Ottoman ruler [Orhan](/source/Orhan) (known as Orhan [Gazi](/source/Gazi)) and is dated to 1339–40 AD (740 [AH](/source/Hijri_year)),[2][3] as attested by a surviving Arabic inscription over the gate.[2] The mosque was damaged by fire during the siege of Bursa by the [Karamanid](/source/Karamanids) ruler [Mehmed II](/source/Mehmed_II_of_Karaman) in 1413, with front façade and [portico](/source/Portico) being destroyed.[3] The mosque was repaired in 1417 on the order of Sultan Mehmed I, who charged [Bayezid Pasha](/source/Bayezid_Pasha), his [grand vizier](/source/Grand_vizier), with the task.[3][2] The oldest *[waqf](/source/Waqf)* document (*vakıf* in Turkish) concerning the mosque is dated to 1360. An addition to it around 1400 describes it as a *zaviye* (or *[zawiya](/source/Zawiya_(institution))*).[1] Like other buildings of this type erected in the [early Ottoman period](/source/Early_Ottoman_architecture), the Orhan Mosque was originally designed to serve [Sufi](/source/Sufi) [dervishes](/source/Dervishes), providing them with lodging and a venue for their meetings and rituals.[3] The current [minaret](/source/Minaret) dates from the 17th century, built over the base of an older minaret.[2] Like many other historic structures in the city, the mosque was damaged in the [1855 Bursa earthquake](/source/1855_Bursa_earthquake) and it was restored by French architect [Léon Parvillée](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Parvill%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1) [[fr](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Parvill%C3%A9e)] in 1863–1864.[2][1] The current painted decoration inside the mosque was created in 1864, according to an inscription over the [mihrab](/source/Mihrab).[1] The conical lead cap of the minaret was redone in 1899.[2] It was again restored in 1904.[4] ## Architecture The mosque has a "T-plan" layout typical of many [early Ottoman](/source/Early_Ottoman_architecture) religious complexes in Bursa and elsewhere.[1][5] It has a square central court covered by a dome, surrounded by three iwans, one branching off every side except the north side where the building entrance is located. Each iwan is also covered by a dome. The iwan on the south side is aligned with the [qibla](/source/Qibla) (direction of prayer) and contains the mosque's mihrab, which is colorfully painted. The entrance to the mosque is fronted by a domed portico.[3][1] The lack of documentation from Parvillée's restoration makes it unclear how much of the current building is original.[1] A study by Robert Ousterhout states that most of the walls are still original.[6] [Doğan Kuban](/source/Do%C4%9Fan_Kuban) believes that the dome in front of the mihrab, over the qibla iwan, may date from the early 15th-century restoration by Bayezid Pasha.[1] The upper walls and much of the rest of the roof are likely reconstructions.[1] Robert Ousterhout compares the brick construction of the mosque and some of its related decorative details to [Byzantine architecture](/source/Byzantine_architecture), contrasting with the stone-built architecture of the [Anatolian Seljuk tradition](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anatolian_Seljuk_tradition&action=edit&redlink=1). He suggests that the same groups of builders could have been building both Byzantine churches and Ottoman mosques in the region around during Orhan's time.[6] - Elements of the mosque - Front [portico](/source/Portico) of the mosque, seen from the northwest - [Bifora](/source/Bifora_(architecture)) with [Corinthian column](/source/Corinthian_order) and truncated reveals - Exterior of the mosque, seen from the southeast (with the [qibla](/source/Qibla) section on the left) - View of the interior, looking towards the qibla [iwan](/source/Iwan) and the [mihrab](/source/Mihrab) - View of the interior, looking towards the entrance (with the two lateral iwans opening on the right and left) - The dome over the central court - The dome over the qibla iwan - The mihrab ## Other parts of the complex Interior of the Emir Han, a nearby [caravanserai](/source/Caravanserai) that was built to provide revenues for Orhan's religious complex Like many important religious monuments built by the Ottomans, Orhan's mosque was part of a larger religious and charitable complex, or *[külliye](/source/K%C3%BClliye)*. Of the other structures in this complex, only the mosque itself, the [caravanserai](/source/Caravanserai) (the Emir Han), and the [hammam](/source/Hammam) have survived.[2] The [mektep](/source/Mektep) (primary school) was destroyed by the 1855 earthquake,[2] the [madrasa](/source/Madrasa) (Islamic college) once stood where the 19th-century Bursa town hall now stands,[2][3] and the [imaret](/source/Imaret) (soup kitchen) stood nearby as late as 1907 but has since disappeared.[2] The Emir Han, an urban caravanserai (*han*), was originally built to provide revenues for Orhan's charitable complex.[2] It still stands today within the bazaar district of Bursa, though it has been restored many times. It was damaged by fire in 1544 and repaired in 1634. Its gate was destroyed by an earthquake in 1674. The building was damaged again by fire in 1788 and damaged by the 1855 earthquake, and destroyed by a major fire in the bazaar district in 1958. It was restored in 1963.[2] The building has a typical Ottoman caravanserai layout, consisting of a large central courtyard surrounded by a two-story gallery with rooms behind it, all covered by barrel vaults.[2] One of the domed chambers inside the former [hammam](/source/Hammam) of Orhan's complex, now a shopping complex The hammam (public bathhouse) was a double hammam, meaning it had a men's section and a women's section built side-by-side. The men's section consists of a cold room, a warm room with attached latrines, a hot room with private rooms attached, and a furnace area. The women's section contains the same sequence but is smaller than the men's.[2] After the 1958 fire, the hammam was converted into a shopping complex known today as Aynalı Çarşı ('Mirrored Bazaar').[2][7] Two new entrances were opened and some of the original elements, such as the furnace, were removed.[2] ## References Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Orhan Gazi Mosque, Bursa](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Orhan_Gazi_Mosque,_Bursa). 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:2_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:2_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:2_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:2_1-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-:2_1-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-:2_1-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-:2_1-8) Kuban, Doğan (2010). *Ottoman Architecture*. Translated by Mill, Adair. Antique Collectors' Club. pp. 83–85. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781851496044](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851496044). 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:0_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:0_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:0_2-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-:0_2-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-:0_2-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-:0_2-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-:0_2-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-:0_2-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-:0_2-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-:0_2-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-:0_2-13) [***o***](#cite_ref-:0_2-14) [***p***](#cite_ref-:0_2-15) Yavaş, Doğan (2007). ["ORHAN GAZİ KÜLLİYESİ"](https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/orhan-gazi-kulliyesi). *TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi* (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-06-09. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:1_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:1_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:1_3-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:1_3-5) Öney, Gönül; Bulut, Lale; Çakmak, Şakir; Daş, Ertan; Demir, Aydoğan; Demiralp, Yekta; Kuyulu, İnci; Ünal, Rahmi H. (2010). "IV.1.c Orhan Mosque". [*Early Ottoman Art: The Legacy of the Emirates*](https://books.google.com/books?id=x0DdBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT208). Islamic Art in the Mediterranean (2nd ed.). Museum With No Frontiers. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9783902782212](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783902782212). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Kuban, Doğan (2010). *Ottoman Architecture*. Translated by Mill, Adair. Antique Collectors' Club. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781851496044](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851496044). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Blair, Sheila S.; Bloom, Jonathan M. (1995). [*The Art and Architecture of Islam 1250-1800*](https://books.google.com/books?id=-mhIgewDtNkC). Yale University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780300064650](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300064650). 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:3_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:3_6-1) Ousterhout, Robert (1995). ["Ethnic Identity and Cultural Appropriation in Early Ottoman Architecture"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1523223). *Muqarnas*. **12**: 53–54. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/1523223](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1523223). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0732-2992](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0732-2992). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Orhan Bey Public Bath"](https://www.gotobursa.com.tr/en//orhan-bey-public-bath-144/). *Bursa Turizm Portalı | GotoBursa*. Retrieved 2024-06-09. v t e Mosques in Turkey Ankara Ahmet Hamdi Akseki Aslanhane Hacı Bayram Kocatepe Maltepe Melike Hatun Antalya Korkut Murat Pasha Omer Pasha Tekeli Mehmet Pasha Yivli Minaret Bursa Bayezid I Emir Sultan Grand Green Hüdavendigar Muradiye Orhan Gazi Veled-i Yaniç Diyarbakır Behram Pasha Great Hazreti Süleyman Sheikh Matar Edirne Evliya Kasim Pasha Muradiye Old Selimiye Üç Şerefeli Istanbul Altunizade Arap Atik Mustafa Pasha Atik Valide Ayazma Bayezid II Bebek Beylerbeyi Blue (Sultan Ahmed) Böcekli Bodrum Burmalı Çamlıca Çinili Defterdar Dolmabahçe Emirgan Eski Imaret Eyüp Sultan Fatih Fenari Isa Firuz Agha Gazi Atik Ali Pasha Gül Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Hagia Sophia Handan Agha Haseki Sultan Hirami Ahmet Pasha Hırka-i Şerif İskender Pasha, Fatih İskender Pasha, Kanlıca Imrahor Kalenderhane Kara Ahmed Pasha Kariye Kasım Agha Kefeli Kılıç Ali Pasha Koca Mustafa Pasha Küçük Mecidiye Laleli Little Hagia Sophia Manastır Mesih Mehmed Pasha Mihrimah Sultan, Edirnekapı Mihrimah Sultan, Üsküdar Molla Çelebi Muhammad Maarifi Murat Pasha Nallı New Nışançı Mehmed Pasha Nuruosmaniye Nusretiye Ortaköy Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Piri Mehmed Pasha Piyale Pasha Rum Mehmed Pasha Rüstem Pasha Şakirin Sanki Yedim Sancaktar Hayrettin Sancaklar Şehzade Selimiye Şemsi Pasha Şeyh Süleyman Sinan Pasha Şişli Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, Azapkapı Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, Büyükçekmece Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, Kadırga Süleymaniye Taksim Teşvikiye Vasat Atik Ali Pasha Vefa Yavuz Selim Yeni Valide Yıldız Hamidiye Zal Mahmud Pasha Zeynep Sultan Zeyrek İzmir Başdurak Birgi Grand Hisar İsa Bey Kestanepazarı Salepçioğlu Yalı İznik Green Haji Özbek Konya Akşehir Grand Alâeddin Aziziye Eşrefoğlu Ferruhşah Hacıveyiszade Kileci Selimiye Taşmedrese Mersin Bilal-i Habeşi Güzeloluk Laal Pasha Mersin Grand Mersin Old Müftü Muğdat Tarsus Grand Tarsus Old Trabzon Fatih İskender Pasha Nakip New Friday Elsewhere Abdülhamid Han Adana Great Ala, Kadirli Alaeddin, Eskişehir Alaaddin, Sinop Avcılar Great Central Aziziye, Konya Behramşah Boyacı Çapanoğlu Divriği Great Göğceli Habib'i Neccar Hafsa Sultan İlyas Bey İzzet Mehmet Pasha İzzet Pasha Kahramanmaraş Grand Kazdağlı Kazim Bulut Kurşunlu Kuyularonu Liberation Mahmut Bey Menüçehr Nasrullah Niğde Alaaddin Oil Pertev Pasha Reşadiye Şaban Ağa Sabancı Merkez Şirvani Sivas Grand Sivrihisar Grand Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Uşak Grand Zagan Pasha Zeynel Abidin Category List Islam in Turkey Ottoman architecture Mosques by country v t e Ottoman architecture Historical stages Early Ottoman architecture Classical Ottoman architecture Tulip Period architecture Ottoman Baroque architecture Ottoman architecture in the 19th–20th centuries First national architectural movement (See also: Ottoman decoration) Other regional styles Algeria Bosnia and Herzegovina Cyprus Egypt Palestine Serbia Tunisia Mosques Istanbul Altunizade Mosque Atik Valide Mosque Ayazma Mosque Bayezid II Mosque Beylerbeyi Mosque Büyükdere Kara Mehmet Kethüda Mosque Çinili Mosque Dolmabahçe Mosque Eyüp Sultan Mosque Fatih Mosque Gazi Atik Ali Pasha Mosque Haseki Sultan Mosque Hırka-i Şerif Mosque Laleli Mosque Mahmut Pasha Mosque Mesih Mehmed Pasha Mosque Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı) Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Üsküdar) Muradiye Complex Murat Pasha Mosque Nışançı Mehmed Pasha Mosque Nuruosmaniye Mosque Ortaköy Mosque Piyale Pasha Mosque Şehzade Mosque Selimiye Mosque Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Azapkapı) Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Büyükçekmece) Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Kadırga) Sultanahmet Mosque Süleymaniye Mosque Vasat Atik Ali Pasha Mosque Yavuz Selim Mosque Yeni Valide Mosque (Eminönü) Yeni Valide Mosque (Üsküdar) Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque Other cities Ali Pasha Mosque Bajrakli Mosque Bayezid I Mosque Behram Pasha Mosque Bursa Grand Mosque Çapanoğlu Mosque Dzhumaya Mosque Emir Sultan Mosque Esmahan Sultan Mosque Evliya Kasim Pasha Mosque Ferhadija Mosque Ferhat Pasha Mosque (Banja Luka) Ferhat Pasha Mosque (Sarajevo) Fethiye Mosque (Athens) Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque Green Mosque of Bursa (Yeşil Mosque) Green Mosque of İznik Hadum Mosque Haji Özbek Mosque Hüdavendigar Mosque Ibrahim Pasha Mosque İzzet Mehmet Pasha Mosque Juma-Jami Mosque Karađoz Bey Mosque Kasım Pasha Mosque Muradiye Complex (Bursa) Muradiye Mosque (Edirne) Murat Pasha Mosque Old Mosque of Edirne Orhan Gazi Mosque Osman Shah Mosque Selimiye Mosque Sinan Pasha Mosque (Prizren) Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque (Lüleburgaz) Sulayman Pasha Mosque Suleymaniye Mosque Tombul Mosque Tzistarakis Mosque Üç Şerefeli Mosque Veled-i Yaniç Mosque Yakovalı Hasan Paşa Mosque Madrasas Büyük Aga Medrese Caferağa Medrese Medrese of Mehmet Şakir Paşa Rüstem Pasha Medrese Türbes (tombs) Green Tomb (Yeşil Türbe) Tomb of Abdul Hamid I Tomb of Hayreddin Barbarossa Tomb of Turhan Sultan Caravanserais Büyük Han Büyük Valide Han Büyük Yeni Han Hafsa Sultan Caravanserai Kapan Han Khan al-Umdan Khan As'ad Pasha Koza Han Kürkçü Han Öküz Mehmed Pasha Caravanserai Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai (Edirne) Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai (Ereğli) Rüstem Pasha Caravanserai (Erzurum) Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Caravanserai Hospitals Complex of Sultan Bayezid II Bridges Arslanagić Bridge Mostar Bridge Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge Uzunköprü Bridge Fortifications Ajyad Fortress Anadoluhisarı Depedogen Castle of Kars Kilitbahir Castle Rumelihisarı Yedikule Fortress Kalemegdan Yeni-Kale Palaces Azm Palace Beylerbeyi Palace Çırağan Palace Dolmabahçe Palace Eski Saray Grand Serail Hatice Sultan Palace Ishak Pasha Palace Topkapi Palace Yıldız Palace Clock towers Büyük Saat Dolmabahçe Clock Tower Etfal Hospital Clock Tower İzmir Clock Tower İzmit Clock Tower Jaffa Clock Tower Nusretiye Clock Tower Yıldız Clock Tower Fountains Fountain of Ahmed III Fountain of Ahmed III (Üsküdar) Tophane Fountain Sultan Mahmut Fountain Hammams Bayezid II Hamam Bey Hamam Büyük Hamam Cağaloğlu Hamam Čifte Hammam Davud Pasha Hamam Çemberlitaş Hamam Hürrem Sultan Hamam Király Baths Mahmut Pasha Hamam Ömeriye Baths Süleymaniye Hamam Tahtakale Hamam Rudas Baths other monuments Köprülü Library Mihrişah Sultan Complex Nilüfer Hatun Imareti Imaret (Kavala) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Orhan Gazi Mosque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Gazi_Mosque) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Gazi_Mosque?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.