# Orchidoideae > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Orchidoideae > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Orchidoideae.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchidoideae > Source revision: 1292432361 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Subfamily of orchids This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Orchidoideae Neotinea tridentata subsp. commutata Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Embryophytes Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Spermatophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Order: Asparagales Family: Orchidaceae Subfamily: Orchidoideae Tribes See text The **Orchidoideae**, or the **orchidoid** orchids, are a subfamily of the orchid family ([Orchidaceae](/source/Orchidaceae)) that contains around 3630 species.[1] Species typically have a single ([monandrous](/source/Monandrous)), fertile [anther](/source/Anther) which is erect and [basitonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Basitonic&action=edit&redlink=1). ## Description The subfamily Orchidoideae and the previously recognized subfamily Spiranthoideae are considered the closest allies in the natural group of the monandrous orchids because of several generally shared characters: - a shared [terrestrial](/source/Terrestrial_plant) habit - [sectile](/source/Sectile) (capable of being severed) or granular [pollinia](/source/Pollinium) - erect anthers. ## Taxonomy Phylogeny of the Orchidoideae is volatile and still subject to change.[2] Historically, the Orchidoideae have been partitioned into up to 6 [tribes](/source/Tribe_(biology)), including [Orchideae](/source/Orchideae), [Diseae](/source/Diseae), [Cranichideae](/source/Cranichideae), [Chloraeeae](/source/Chloraeinae), [Diurideae](/source/Diurideae), and [Codonorchideae](/source/Codonorchideae). However, the most recent [molecular phylogenetics](/source/Molecular_phylogenetics) analysis led by Chase et al. in 2015 and subsequently by Chen et al. in 2017 indicates that the Orchidoideae should be split into 4 tribes: the Orchideae, Cranichideae, Diurideae, and Codonorchideae.[2][3][4] ### [Codonorchideae](/source/Codonorchis) This monophyletic tribe consists of only one genus, *[Codonorchis](/source/Codonorchis)*, found in [South America](/source/South_America).[2] *[Codonorchis lessonii](/source/Codonorchis_lessonii)*, native to Chile ### [Cranichideae](/source/Cranichideae) This cosmopolitan tribe comprises 8 currently accepted subtribes. Molecular evidence suggests that the former Chloraeeae are sister to the rest of the Cranichideae. As such, the Chloraeeae are now considered a subtribe of the Cranichideae.[2] Moreover, based on morphological and genetic evidence, the genus *[Discyphus](/source/Discyphus)* was elevated out of the Spiranthinae to form its own monophyletic subtribe, the [Discyphinae](/source/Discyphinae).[2] *[Ponthieva racemosa](/source/Ponthieva_racemosa)*, a member of the Cranichidinae Cranichideae Chloraeinae Pterostylidinae Goodyerinae Galeottiellinae Manniellinae Spiranthinae Discyphinae Cranichidinae ### [Orchideae](/source/Orchideae) Once divided into the Orchidinae and Habenariinae[3] (a nonsystematic paraphyletic splitting), the Orchideae now comprise 6 subtribes.[5][4] Along with previous molecular studies, Chase et al's 2015 analysis confirmed that Diseae was a [polyphyletic](/source/Polyphyly) grouping. Consequently, the former subtribes of Diseae have been redistributed within the Orchideae (for instance, *[Satyrium](/source/Satyrium_ilicis)* is now classified in the Orchidinae). In his 2015 study Chase recommended further study of historically problematic genera in the former Diseae such as *[Huttonaea](/source/Huttonaea) and [Pachites](/source/Pachites).* Further molecular analysis by Chen et al. in 2017 led to the following reorganization:[2][4] *[Brachycorythis](/source/Brachycorythis)*, a member of the Orchidinae Orchideae Brownleeinae Pachitinae Huttonaeinae Orchidinae Coryciinae Disinae ### [Diurideae](/source/Diurideae) The Diurideae, a predominantly Australasian tribe, retain their previous subtribal organization and comprise 9 taxa:[2] *[Diuris setacea](/source/Diuris_setacea)*, a member of the Diuridinae - [Acianthinae](/source/Acianthinae) (monophyletic) - [Caladeniinae](/source/Caladeniinae) (polyphyletic) - [Cryptostylidinae](/source/Cryptostylidinae) (monophyletic) - [Diuridinae](/source/Diuridinae) (monophyletic) - [Drakaeinae](/source/Drakaeinae) (monophyletic) - [Megastylidinae](/source/Megastylidinae) (monophyletic) - [Prasophyllinae](/source/Prasophyllinae) (monophyletic) - [Rhizanthellinae](/source/Rhizanthellinae) (monophyletic) - [Thelymitrinae](/source/Thelymitrinae) (monophyletic) ## References Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Orchidoideae](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Orchidoideae). [Wikispecies](/source/Wikispecies) has information related to ***[Orchidoideae](https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Orchidoideae)***. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Types of Orchids: A Visual Compendium"](https://www.ftd.com/blog/share/types-of-orchids). *FTD.com*. 1 March 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2021. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:0_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:0_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:0_2-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-:0_2-6) Chase, Mark W.; Cameron, Kenneth M. (2015). ["An updated classification of Orchidaceae"](https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12234). *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*. **177** (2): 151–174. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/boj.12234](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12234) – via Oxford Academic. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_3-1) RICHARD M. BATEMAN; PETER M. HOLLINGSWORTH; JILLIAN PRESTON; LUO YI-BO; ALEC M. PRIDGEON; MARK W. CHASE (May 2003). ["Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Orchidinae and selected Habenariinae (Orchidaceae)"](https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1095-8339.2003.00157.x). *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*. **142** (1): 1–40. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00157.x](https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1095-8339.2003.00157.x). 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:2_4-2) Chen, Gui-Zhen; Huang, Jie; Zhang, Guo-Qiang; Ma, Liang; Chen, Shi-Pin (2017-11-28). ["New subtribe Pachitinae (Orchideae) of Orchidaceae: Evidence from morphological and molecular analyses"](https://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.329.2.2). *Phytotaxa*. **329** (2): 114. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.11646/phytotaxa.329.2.2](https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fphytotaxa.329.2.2). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1179-3163](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1179-3163). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-old_5-0)** Jin, Wei-Tao; Schuiteman, André; Chase, Mark W.; Li, Jian-Wu; Chung, Shih-Wen; Hsu, Tian-Chuan; Jin, Xiao-Hua (2017). ["Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae s.l. (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae) based on seven markers (plastid matK, psaB, rbcL, trnL-F, trnH-psba, and nuclear nrITS, Xdh): implications for generic delimitation"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5702240). *BMC Plant Biology*. **17** (1): 222. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1186/s12870-017-1160-x](https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12870-017-1160-x). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5702240](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5702240). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [29178835](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29178835). - Pridgeon, A.M., P.J. Cribb, M.W. Chase and F.N. Rasmussen [eds.]. 2003. Genera Orchidacearum vol. 3: Orchidoideae part 2, Vanilloideae. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K. - Salazar, G.A., M.W. Chase, M.A. Soto Arenas and M. Ingrouille. 2003. Phylogenetics of Cranichideae with emphasis on Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae): evidence from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. *American Journal of Botany* 90: 777-795. - Salazar, G.A., L.I. Cabrera, S. Madriñán and M.W. Chase. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships of Cranichidinae and Prescottiinae (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. *Annals of Botany* 104: 403-416. [\[1\]](https://web.archive.org/web/20090818212341/http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/mcn257?ijkey=hw5Onay5piJrT2y&keytype=ref) Taxon identifiers Orchidoideae Wikidata: Q132369 Wikispecies: Orchidoideae BOLD: 156279 GRIN: 1815 iNaturalist: 738348 NCBI: 158331 Open Tree of Life: 852745 Paleobiology Database: 346289 Tropicos: 50134692 VASCAN: 324 --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Orchidoideae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchidoideae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchidoideae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.