# Operation: Doomsday

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***Operation: Doomsday*** (stylized ***Operation: DOOMSDAY*.**) is the debut solo studio album by [Daniel Dumile](/source/Daniel_Dumile), and the first under the [MF Doom](/source/MF_Doom) moniker. It was first released through [Fondle 'Em Records](/source/Fondle_'Em_Records) on 19 October 1999,[1][2][3][4] and later reissued by [Sub Verse Records](/source/Sub_Verse_Records) in 2001 with a slightly altered track listing.[5] It was his first solo release under the MF Doom moniker after previously performing as Zev Love X in the group [KMD](/source/KMD). *Operation: Doomsday* is regarded as one of the most influential albums in independent hip-hop history.[6] A deluxe remastered version was released by Doom's label Metal Face Records on 24 October 2011.[7][8]

## Background

Following his debut in the late-1980s, Daniel Dumile, then known as Zev Love X, suffered a series of unfortunate setbacks, including the death of his brother and fellow [KMD](/source/KMD) member [DJ Subroc](/source/DJ_Subroc) and the subsequent abandonment of the group's second studio album *[Black Bastards](/source/Black_Bastards)* by [Elektra Records](/source/Elektra_Records) due to its political message and cover art.[9][10][11] After the untimely death of his brother and the disbanding of KMD in 1993, Zev Love X left the hip-hop community and would suffer years of homelessness and despair. Dumile described himself during this period as living "damn near homeless, walking the streets of Manhattan, sleeping on benches".[12] In 1997 he would re-emerge as MF Doom, covering his face at shows and releasing singles on [Bobbito Garcia](/source/Bobbito_Garcia)'s label [Fondle 'Em Records](/source/Fondle_'Em_Records).[9] The three singles released generated enough buzz for Garcia to agree to sign Doom for an album.

## Recording and production

*Operation: Doomsday* was produced by Dumile, mostly over a three-week period in which he stayed at [DJ Stretch Armstrong](/source/DJ_Stretch_Armstrong)'s apartment and borrowed his [Akai](/source/Akai) [MPC2000](/source/Akai_MPC) and MPC3000 workstations.[13] Doom incorporated a variety of musical styles onto the album, featuring a mix of 1980s [soul](/source/Soul_music) and [smooth jazz](/source/Smooth_jazz) [loops](/source/Loop_(music)) with vintage [drum breaks](/source/Drum_break).[14][10][15] Throughout the album several skits and [sound collage](/source/Sound_collage) tracks containing cartoon samples are littered, oftentimes utilizing scenes from the 1967 *[Fantastic Four](/source/The_Fantastic_Four_(1967_TV_series))* animated series featuring [Doctor Doom](/source/Doctor_Doom).[15][11]

## Music and lyrics

As an [underground rap](/source/Underground_rap) album, *Operation: Doomsday* is a [lo-fi](/source/Lo-fi) recording, with MF Doom producing [bedroom](/source/Bedroom_music) [electro](/source/Electro_(music)).[10][15] Despite being an earthly work born from tragedy, it revisits the [cartoon](/source/Cartoon) pleasure of late-1980s [hip-hop](/source/Hip-hop).[15] The debut album features dense [rhyme schemes](/source/Rhyme_scheme) over tracks composed from a collage of [R&B](/source/R%26B), cartoon [samples](/source/Sampling_(music)) and [elevator music](/source/Elevator_music).[9][16] It is embroidered with an array of samples and snippets, ranging from [Hanna-Barbera](/source/Hanna-Barbera) cartoon series *[Fantastic Four](/source/Fantastic_Four_(1967_TV_series))* and *[Scooby-Doo](/source/Scooby-Doo)* to 1982 hip-hop film *[Wildstyle](/source/Wild_Style)* to English [sophisti-pop](/source/Sophisti-pop) band [Sade](/source/Sade_(band)).[15][11] *Operation: Doomsday* indulges in [quiet storm](/source/Quiet_storm) [balladry](/source/Ballad) that evokes a sense of loss, expressing [smooth jazz](/source/Smooth_jazz) [loops](/source/Loop_(music)) which bring balance to muffled soundscapes.[11][15] Throughout the album, MF Doom effectually rhymes over the original musical backgrounds atop minimal [percussion](/source/Percussion).[11]

The backstory of *Operation: Doomsday* is similar to that of [Marvel Comics](/source/Marvel_Comics) supervillain [Doctor Doom](/source/Doctor_Doom), with a series of terrible setbacks and tragedy culminating in the birth of a villainous persona.[10][17] After suffering the devastating death of his brother and the dropping of his group from their record label, MF Doom, formerly known as Zev Love X, was left emotionally scarred. His lingering pain manifested in the form of a masked hip-hop supervillain who wishes to rule the world for its own good on *Operation: Doomsday*.[10][17] In addition, the debut album features thematic [skits](/source/Hip-hop_skit) and interludes which continue the comic book narrative beginning in the opening track all through to a [spoken word](/source/Spoken_word) monologue by E. Mason alongside [guest appearances](/source/Guest_appearance#Contemporary_music) from MF Doom's [Monsta Island Czars](/source/Monsta_Island_Czars) collective.[18][19]

With an erratic [thought process](/source/Thought_process), MF Doom delivers sharp-witted [stream-of-consciousness](/source/Stream-of-consciousness) rhymes in a deteriorating yet steadfastly murky [flow](/source/Rapping#Flow).[11][9][20] At the center of *Operation: Doomsday* lies a bent towards [free-form](/source/Free_form_poetry) lyricism and [pop-culture](/source/Pop-culture) references.[20] Doom uses a raw and lyrically dexterous [delivery](/source/Rapping) to recite palatable, off-kilter rhymes containing obscure references.[10] His abstract rapping is laced with disparate [word association](/source/Word_association) grounded by [tongue-in-cheek](/source/Tongue-in-cheek) humor.[20] Much of the album's lyrical content displays MF Doom in emotional disorder. The solo debut album acts as a lengthy exercise in [musical therapy](/source/Musical_therapy), with death hanging over throughout, both musically and lyrically.[11] Drawing from the weight of his past, *Operation: Doomsday* is compact with frank, sincere lyrics and hard, piercing rhymes.[10]

## Release and promotion

After the departure of [KMD](/source/KMD) from their label [Elektra Records](/source/Elektra_Records), MF Doom released his solo debut album, *Operation: Doomsday* through the [independent](/source/Independent_record_label) record label [Fondle 'Em Records](/source/Fondle_'Em_Records) in 1999. The studio album was re-released through [Sub Verse Music](/source/Sub_Verse_Music) in 2001.[21]

It was announced on 16 December 2010 that *Operation: Doomsday* was being reissued in 2011. The reissue cover was designed by Jason Jagel, who did the art for *[Mm..Food](/source/Mm..Food)*.[22] It was reported that there were licensing issues with the original artwork, which was designed by the famed graffiti writer Keo X-Men,[citation needed] that caused problems with reissuing. [Stones Throw Records](/source/Stones_Throw_Records) stated that Doom was working on a track-listing for the reissue.[23]

## Critical reception

Upon its release, *Operation: Doomsday* garnered praise from contemporary [music journalists](/source/Music_journalist), and has since achieved status as a [cult classic](/source/Cult_classic).[18] *[Alternative Press](/source/Alternative_Press_(magazine))* said the debut "places an insightful spin on Doom's history on the rap game ... the mish-mashed musical styles that MF incorporates lend a bit of variety, and the generally lo-fi production values give the album character. Refreshing..."[14] Writing for *[The Village Voice](/source/The_Village_Voice)*, rock critic [Robert Christgau](/source/Robert_Christgau) remarked, "As concept, this could get tedious fast, but as a few skits it's one more scenic sonic on an album that reaches its high point when it samples not just the *[Scooby-Doo](/source/Scooby-Doo)* theme but [Scoob](/source/Scooby-Doo_(character)) himself, thus acknowledging that, as Scoob knows so well, some villains are just plain evil."[17] He concluded, "Right, the album never comes into full focus. But it does flow, as music and as signifying. Message: this smart guy had some horrible setbacks and came out on the other side. A [role model](/source/Role_model), you might say."[17] [AllMusic](/source/AllMusic)'s Cyril Cordor stated, "For the hardcore Doom fans, the recorded-in-the-basement quality is appealing and representative of his persona as the underdog who 'came to destroy rap.' ... Even though this album is certainly not for everyone, you can easily respect from where the man is coming."[10] Jason Draper of *[Record Collector](/source/Record_Collector)* opined, "Doom may have become more accomplished – not least recording with [Madlib](/source/Madlib) and [Danger Mouse](/source/Danger_Mouse_(musician)) – but this outside attack launched the bomb, and made MF Doom the [leftfield](/source/Alternative_hip-hop) hero that he remains today."[15]

*[Pitchfork](/source/Pitchfork_(website))'*s Ian Cohen described the album as Doom's "warmest and most benevolent work, almost entirely bled of the angrier material that would mark future releases." Their review of the 2011 reissue also called the album "a must-hear in just about any format."[18] In his review of the 2011 reissue, [Nathan Rabin](/source/Nathan_Rabin) from *[The A.V. Club](/source/The_A.V._Club)* argued that since its initial release *Operation: Doomsday* has "attained mythic status; its legend has grown in proportion to its relative unavailability, and to Doom’s ascent to cult godhood."[24] On the album's 20th anniversary, *[Stereogum](/source/Stereogum)* described it as "an immediately engaging display of [Doom's] raw talent as both a rapper and producer, as well as an engrossing origin story for the most popular of his many alter-egos."[25] In a less enthusiastic review, *[Spin](/source/Spin_(magazine))* writer [Jon Caramanica](/source/Jon_Caramanica) claimed, "Sewn together with snippets from the *Fantastic Four* and *Wildstyle*, the album is a rambling exercise in musical therapy."[11] He concluded, "But Doom ain't no joker: he’s merely fulfilling KMD's mythology ... six years too late."[11]

### Accolades

Publication Country Accolade Year Rank About.com US 100 Best Hip-Hop Albums[26] 2015 97 Complex US 25 Best Long Island Rap Albums[27] 2012 5 Consequence of Sound US Top 20 Hip-Hop Solo Albums[28] 2013 9 Fact UK The 100 Best Albums of the 1990s[29] 2012 37 100 Best Indie Hip-Hop Records of All Time[30] 2015 6 Hip-Hop Connection US The 100 Greatest Rap Albums 1995-2005[31] 2006 3 Spin US Best Reissues of 2011[16] 2012 8

## Legacy

*Operation: Doomsday* has been heralded as an [underground](/source/Underground_music) classic that established MF Doom's rank within the [underground hip-hop](/source/Underground_hip-hop) scene during the early to mid-2000s.[10] The album has had a vast, long-lasting influence on contemporary underground rap and independent hip-hop artists.[18][20] Writing for streaming service [Tidal](/source/Tidal_(service)), Dylan Green and Donna-Claire Chesman called the album, "a blueprint for all of independent rap."[20] They cite the "dusty cartoon samples" of its lo-fi production, MF Doom's preference for keeping [anonymous](/source/Anonymity), his "stream-of-consciousness flows" and the [self-sustainance](/source/Self-sustainability) ethos that led to self-producing the entire studio album himself as essential elements both driving *Operation: Doomsday* as well as serving a source of inspiration for countless artists worldwide.[20]

## Track listing

All tracks were written and produced by [MF Doom](/source/MF_Doom).

**Notes**

- MF Doom is credited as a feature on the tracks "Red and Gold" and "Who You Think I Am?" under the alias "King Ghidra".

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from the albums' liner notes.[a]

### 1999 Fondle 'Em Records release

**Personnel**[32]

- [MF.Doom](/source/MF_Doom) – production

**Additional personnel**

- [Daniel Dumile](/source/Daniel_Dumile)[b] – executive production
- [Percy Carey](/source/Percy_Carey)[c] – executive production
- Big Lou – executive production
- [Bobbito](/source/Bobbito) – executive production
- Pebbles – additional vocals (2, 14)

**Artwork**

- [Doom](/source/MF_Doom) – illustration
- Scotch 79 – art direction

### 2001 Sub Verse Music re-release

**Personnel**[21]

- [Metal Fingers Doom](/source/MF_Doom) – production
- [D.J. Cucumber Slice](/source/Bobbito_Garcia) – cuts (3), additional vocals (3)
- Big Lou – co-production (10)
- X-Ray da Mindbenda – co-production (2, 14)
- Pebbles the Invisible Girl – additional vocals (2, 14)
- Ill-Clown – co-production (4)

**Additional personnel**

- Metal Fingers Doom – mixing
- [MF Doom](/source/MF_Doom) – executive production
- [MF Grimm](/source/MF_Grimm) – executive production
- Big Lou – executive production
- Bobbito – executive production

## Charts

Chart performance for Operation: Doomsday Chart (2021–2024) Peak position UK Albums Sales (OCC)[33] 37

## Notes

1. The three major releases of this album on [Fondle 'Em Records](/source/Fondle_'Em_Records), [Sub Verse Music](/source/Sub_Verse_Music), and Metal Face Records each have different credits in their liner notes.

1. Credited as "MF.Doom" on the 2008 Metal Face Records re-release.[34]

1. Credited as "MF.Grim" on the 2008 Metal Face Records re-release.[34]

## References

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1. Garcia, Robert (22 April 2020). ["Had to repost this from last year ... Dear press/Wiki: Here’s the invoice, dated August 9, 1999, for the original MF Doom debut album 'Operation Doomsday'"](https://www.instagram.com/p/B_SWbz1jFSV/). *[Instagram](/source/Instagram)*. Retrieved 12 May 2021.

1. Garcia, Robert. ["It came out 10/19/99, not today"](https://i.redd.it/hsa2t91ygcu61.jpg). *[Instagram](/source/Instagram)*. Retrieved 12 May 2021.

1. Ducker, Jesse (19 October 2019). ["MF Doom's Debut Album 'Operation: Doomsday' Turns 20 | Anniversary Retrospective"](https://www.albumism.com/features/mf-doom-debut-album-operation-doomsday-turns-20-anniversary-retrospective). *Albumism*. Retrieved 29 September 2021.

1. ["MF Doom DISCOGRAPHY"](https://web.archive.org/web/20061215012448/http://www.stonesthrow.com/madvillain/mfdoom-discography.html). *[Stones Throw](/source/Stones_Throw)*. Archived from [the original](https://www.stonesthrow.com/madvillain/mfdoom-discography.html) on 15 December 2006.

1. Caramanica, Jon (14 January 2021). ["MF Doom, Magician of Memory"](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/14/arts/music/mf-doom-operation-doomsday.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. Retrieved 15 January 2021.

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1. Fu, Eddie (20 April 2019). ["Knowledge Drop: MF Doom Recorded ‘Operation: Doomsday’ On A Borrowed MPC In Three Weeks"](https://genius.com/a/mf-doom-recorded-operation-doomsday-on-a-borrowed-mpc-in-three-weeks). *[Genius](/source/Genius_(company))*. Retrieved 16 June 2023.

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1. Christgau, Robert (7 August 2001). ["Consumer Guide"](http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/cg/cgv701-01.php). *[The Village Voice](/source/The_Village_Voice)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043123/http://www.robertchristgau.com/xg/cg/cgv701-01.php) 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 12 May 2016.

1. Cohen, Ian (25 April 2011). ["MF Doom: Operation Doomsday"](http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/15359-operation-doomsday/). *[Pitchfork](/source/Pitchfork_(website))*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110429164824/http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/15359-operation-doomsday/) 29 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 12 May 2016.

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1. Green, Dylan & Chesman, Donna-Claire (April 20, 2019). ["MF Doom's 'Operation: Doomsday' is the Blueprint for Independent Hip-Hop"](https://tidal.com/magazine/article/mf-dooms-operation-20/1-54901). *[TIDAL Magazine](/source/Tidal_(service))*. Retrieved January 3, 2021.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Operation: Doomsday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%3A_Doomsday) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%3A_Doomsday?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.