# Opegraphaceae

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***Opegraphaceae*** is a [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) of [lichen](/source/Lichen)-forming and [lichenicolous fungi](/source/Lichenicolous_fungi) in the order [Arthoniales](/source/Arthoniales).[1] It was originally proposed by German lichenologist [Ernst Stizenberger](/source/Ernst_Stizenberger) in 1862.[2] It fell into disuse, but was resurrected in a [molecular phylogenetic](/source/Molecular_phylogenetic) study of the order Arthoniales published in 2010. It now includes [taxa](/source/Taxon) that were previously referred to the family [Roccellaceae](/source/Roccellaceae), its [sister group](/source/Sister_group).[3]

## Description

Most taxa in the family have a [crustose](/source/Crustose_lichen) thallus, although in rare cases it is [fruticose](/source/Fruticose_lichen). The lichens typically [grow on bark](/source/Corticolous_lichen), [wood](/source/Lignicolous_lichen), or [rocks](/source/Saxicolous_lichen). Some members, such as those in the genus *[Fouragea](/source/Fouragea)*, [grow on leaves](/source/Foliicolous_lichen). The family has a [cosmopolitan distribution](/source/Cosmopolitan_distribution), but is predominant in [tropical](/source/Tropical) and semi-[arid](/source/Arid) [subtropical](/source/Subtropical) regions. The [photobiont](/source/Photobiont) partner of Opegraphaceae is a member of the [green algal](/source/Green_alga) genus *[Trentepohlia](/source/Trentepohlia_(alga))*.[4]

A variety of [secondary chemicals](/source/Secondary_metabolite) have been identified in this family. The most common types are [depsides](/source/Depside), [depsidones](/source/Depsidone), [dibenzofurans](/source/Dibenzofuran), and [anthraquinones](/source/Anthraquinone).[4]

## Genera

As of March 2021, [Species Fungorum](/source/Species_Fungorum) accepts 15 genera and 167 species in the family Opegraphaceae.[5] This is a list of the genera in the Opegraphaceae based on a 2020 review and summary of fungal [classification](/source/Classification_(biology)) by Wijayawardene and colleagues.[1] Following the genus name is the [taxonomic authority](/source/Author_citation_(botany)) (those who first [circumscribed](/source/Circumscription_(taxonomy)) the genus; standardized [author abbreviations](/source/Author_citation_(botany)#Abbreviation) are used), year of publication, and the number of species:

- *[Combea](/source/Combea)* De Not. (1846) – 2 spp.
- *[Cresponea](/source/Cresponea)* Egea & Torrente (1993)[6] – 22 spp.
- *[Dictyographa](/source/Dictyographa)* Müll.Arg. (1893) – 2 spp.
- *[Dolichocarpus](/source/Dolichocarpus)* R.Sant. (1949)[7] – 2 spp.
- *[Fouragea](/source/Fouragea)* Trevis. (1880) – 4 spp.
- *[Ingaderia](/source/Ingaderia)* Darb. (1897)[8] – 3 spp.
- *[Nyungwea](/source/Nyungwea)* Sérus., Eb.Fisch. & Killmann (2006) – 3
- *[Opegrapha](/source/Opegrapha)* Ach. (1809) – ca. 100 + ca. 200 orphaned
- *[Paralecanographa](/source/Paralecanographa)* Ertz & & Tehler (2011)[3] – 1 sp.
- *[Paraschismatomma](/source/Paraschismatomma)* Ertz & Tehler (2011)[3] – 1 sp.
- *[Pentagenella](/source/Pentagenella)* Darb. (1897) – 5 spp.
- *[Schizopelte](/source/Schizopelte)* Th.Fr. (1875)[9] – 4 spp.
- *[Sclerophyton](/source/Sclerophyton)* Eschw. (1824) – ca. 15 spp.
- *[Sparria](/source/Sparria)* Ertz & Tehler (2011)[3] – 2 spp.

## References

1. Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". *Mycosphere*. **11**: 1060–1456. [doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8](https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8). [hdl:10481/61998](https://hdl.handle.net/10481/61998)

1. Stizenberger, E. (1862). "Beitrag zur Flechtensystematik" (in German). *Bericht über die Tätigkeit der St. Gallischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft*. **1861-1862**: 124–182.

1. Ertz, Damien & Tehler, Anders (2010). "The phylogeny of Arthoniales (Pezizomycotina) inferred from nucLSU and RPB2 sequences". *Fungal Diversity*. **49** (1): 47–71. [doi:10.1007/s13225-010-0080-y](https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0080-y)

1. Jaklitsch, Walter; Baral, Hans-Otto; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2016). *Syllabus of Plant Families: Adolf Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien*. Vol. 1/2. 13 ed. Frey, Wolfgang (ed.). Berlin Stuttgart: Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Borntraeger Science Publishers. pp. 42–44. ISBN 978-3-443-01089-8. [OCLC 429208213](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/429208213)

1. [Species Fungorum](/source/Species_Fungorum). ["Opegraphaceae"](https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/626GV). [Catalog of Life](/source/Catalog_of_Life). Retrieved 5 March 2021.

1. Egea, José M. & Torrente, Pilar (1993). ["*Cresponea*, a new genus of lichenized fungi in the order Arthoniales (Ascomycotina)"](http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0048/0301.htm). *Mycotaxon*. **48**: 301–331.

1. Santesson, R. (1949). "*Dolichocarpus* and *Xanthopeltis*, two new lichen genera from Chile". *Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift*. **43**: 547–565.

1. Darbishire, O.V. (1860). "Über die Flechtentribus der Roccellei" (in German). *Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft*. **5**: 2–10.

1. Fries, T. (1875). "*Schizopelte*, novum lichenum genus" (in Latin). *Flora (Regensburg)*. **58**: 143–144.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Opegraphaceae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opegraphaceae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opegraphaceae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.