# One-party state

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State where only 1 party may form a government

For a political party that dominates the political system under a nominal liberal democratic system, see [Dominant-party system](/source/Dominant-party_system). This article is about explicit one-party states. For telephone call recording laws and notification and requirements, see [One-party consent states](/source/One-party_consent_states).

"Party-state" redirects here. For the party-state political system in the [Republic of China](/source/Taiwan), see [Dang Guo](/source/Dang_Guo).

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2026)

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A **one-party state**, **single-party state**, **one-party system** or **single-party system** is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system.[1] In a one-party state, all opposition parties are either outlawed or have limited and controlled participation in [elections](/source/Election). The expression "de facto one-party" is sometimes used to describe a [dominant-party system](/source/Dominant-party_system) that, unlike a one-party state, allows (at least nominally) multiparty elections, but the existing practices or balance of [political power](/source/Political_power) effectively prevent the [opposition](/source/Opposition_(politics)) from winning power.[2]

Membership in the ruling party tends to be relatively small compared to the population;[3] however, this is not a universal rule, as some one-party states, such as [Zaire](/source/Zaire) under Mobutu, made the entire citizenry members of the party. Rather, they give out private goods to fellow [elites](/source/Elite) to ensure continued support. One-party, compared to dominant-party [dictatorships](/source/Dictatorship), structure themselves unlike democracies. They also turn into multi-party democracies at a lower rate than dominant-party dictatorships.[4] While one-party states prohibit opposition parties, some allow for independent candidates to stand for election in competition with party candidates. Therefore, they place elites and sympathetic candidates in key administrative races.[5] For example, the [Chinese Communist Party](/source/Chinese_Communist_Party) exercises political control by infiltrating village administrations.[6] They view these positions as crucial for gathering [information on the population](/source/Information_on_the_population) and maintaining a presence in the far reaches of their borders.[7]

One-party states recognize the trade-off between election victory and [gathering](/source/Data_collection) valuable data. To account for this, the governments have been observed placing local nobility in easy-to-win races.[8] One-party states have also been observed using elections to ensure that only the most popular elites get chosen to office.[9] They also gather data from elections to indicate if a local official is performing poorly in the eyes of the residents.[9] This gives locals the opportunity to monitor local officials and communicate satisfaction with the local government.[9] Throughout the country, members of the one party hold key political positions.[4] In doing so, the party avoids committing outright fraud and rather sustains their power at the local level with strategic appointment of elites.[7] Data on one-party governments can be difficult to gather given their lack of transparency.[5]

## Official one-party states

The following countries are legally constituted as one-party states:

Country Head of party Leader title Party Ideology Date of establishment Duration Constitutional basis Notes China[10] Xi Jinping General Secretary Chinese Communist Party Socialism with Chinese characteristics Marxism-Leninism 1 October 1949 76 years, 274 days Article 1 of the Constitution: "Leadership by the Communist Party of China is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics."[11] Eight minor non-oppositional parties, officially termed "democratic parties," have legal status as part of the "united front" system, but their leadership is determined by the Chinese Communist Party's United Front Work Department.[12] Cuba[13] Miguel Díaz-Canel First Secretary Communist Party of Cuba Marxism–Leninism Castroism Guevarism Left-wing nationalism 3 October 1965 65 years, 77 days Article 5 of the Constitution: "The Communist Party of Cuba, unique, Martiano, Fidelista, and Marxist-Leninist, the organized vanguard of the Cuban nation, sustained in its democratic character as well as its permanent linkage to the people, is the superior driving force of the society and the State." Eritrea[14] Isaias Afwerki Chairperson People's Front for Democracy and Justice Eritrean nationalism Statism Left-wing nationalism 16 February 1994 32 years, 136 days The People's Front for Democracy and Justice is the only party in Eritrea. The 1997 Constitution has not been enforced.[15] Laos[16] Thongloun Sisoulith General Secretary Lao People's Revolutionary Party Kaysone Phomvihane Thought Marxism-Leninism 2 December 1975 50 years, 212 days Article 3 of the Constitution: "The rights of the multi-ethnic people to be the masters of the country are exercised and ensured through the functioning of the political system with the Lao People's Revolutionary Party as its leading nucleus." North Korea[17] Kim Jong Un General Secretary Workers' Party of Korea Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism Juche Communism 9 September 1948 77 years, 296 days Article 11 of the Constitution: "The Democratic People's Republic of Korea shall conduct all activities under the leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea." Two minor parties are legally recognised, but are under the control of the Workers' Party of Korea[18] Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Brahim Ghali Secretary General Polisario Front Sahrawi nationalism Arab socialism 27 February 1976 50 years, 125 days Article 32 of the Constitution: "Until the complete recovery of national sovereignty, the Frente POLISARIO shall be the political framework that shall unite and mobilise politically the Sahrawis to express their aspirations and legitimate rights to self-determination and independence and to defend their national unity and complete the building of their independent Sahrawi State." State with limited recognition, headquartered in Algeria Vietnam[19] Tô Lâm General Secretary Communist Party of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh Thought Marxism-Leninism 2 September 1945[note 1] 80 years, 303 days Article 4 of the Constitution: " Communist Party of Vietnam - the Vanguard of the working class, concurrently the vanguard of the labouring people and Vietnamese nation, faithfully representing the interests of the working class, labouring people and entire nation, and acting upon the Marxist-Leninist doctrine and Ho Chi Minh Thought, is the force leading the State and society." Two minor parties, the Democratic Party of Vietnam and Socialist Party of Vietnam, had legal status within the Vietnam Fatherland Front until 1988.

## Former one-party states

Country Party Ideology Date of establishment Date of dissolution Duration Continent Republic of Afghanistan National Revolutionary Party Pashtun nationalism Pashtunization Republicanism Secularism 14 February 1977[23][24] 28 April 1978 1 year, 73 days Asia Democratic Republic of Afghanistan People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan-Khalq Communism Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Pashtun nationalism Anti-imperialism 30 April 1978 24 December 1979 1 year, 238 days Asia Democratic Republic of Afghanistan/Republic of Afghanistan People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan-Parcham (National Fatherland Front) Communism (until 1990) Marxism–Leninism (until 1990) Afghan nationalism Anti-imperialism 24 December 1979 28 July 1992 12 years, 217 days Asia Albanian Kingdom Albanian Fascist Party Albanian nationalism Greater Albania Fascism Italophilia Serbophobia Hellenophobia 2 June 1939 27 July 1943 4 years, 55 days Europe Guard of Greater Albania Albanian nationalism Fascism 27 July 1943 8 September 1943 43 days Europe Albanian Kingdom National Front Albanian nationalism Greater Albania Anti-communism Republicanism Big tent Agrarian socialism 14 September 1943 29 November 1943 76 days Europe Democratic Government of Albania Party of Labour of Albania (National Liberation Movement) Communism Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism Albanian nationalism State atheism 20 October 1944 5 August 1945 289 days Europe Party of Labour of Albania (Democratic Front) 5 August 1945 11 January 1946 159 days Europe Albania 11 January 1946 11 December 1990 44 years, 334 days Europe Algeria National Liberation Front Arab socialism Algerian nationalism Pan-Arabism Anti-imperialism 3 July 1962 23 February 1989 26 years, 235 days Africa People's Republic of Angola People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola Communism Left-wing nationalism Marxism–Leninism 11 November 1975 30 May 1991 15 years, 200 days Africa Armenia Communist Party of Armenia Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism 2 December 1920 30 December 1922 2 years, 28 days Asia Transcaucasia Communist Party of Armenia 12 March 1922 30 December 1922 293 days Asia Federal State of Austria Fatherland Front Clerical fascism 1 May 1934 13 March 1938 3 years, 316 days Europe Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Communist Party Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism 30 April 1920 30 December 1922 2 years, 244 days Asia Transcaucasia Azerbaijan Communist Party 12 March 1922 30 December 1922 293 days Asia Bangladesh Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League Mujibism Bengali nationalism 24 January 1975 15 August 1975 203 days Asia Jatiya Party Bangladeshi nationalism Conservatism Authoritarianism Militarism 11 March 1988 6 December 1990 2 years, 270 days Asia Dahomey Dahomeyan Democratic Party African nationalism 15 December 1963 4 December 1965 1 year, 354 days Africa Benin People's Revolutionary Party of Benin Communism Marxism–Leninism (nominally) 30 November 1975 1 March 1990 14 years, 91 days Africa Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia National Partnership Collaborationism, Nazism 6 April 1939 9 May 1945 6 years, 33 days Europe Bulgaria Bulgarian Communist Party (Fatherland Front) Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism 15 September 1946 15 January 1990 43 years, 122 days Europe State of Burma Dobama Sinyetha Asi Ayon[25] 1943 1944 1 year, 0 days Asia State of Burma Maha Bama Asi Ayon[25] 1944 1945 1 year, 0 days Asia Burma Burma Socialist Programme Party Burmese Way to Socialism 2 March 1962 18 September 1988 26 years, 200 days Asia Republic of Burundi Union for National Progress Burundian nationalism Tutsi interests 11 July 1974 13 March 1992 17 years, 246 days Africa Byelorussia Communist Party of Byelorussia Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism 31 July 1920 30 December 1922 2 years, 152 days Europe Cambodia (Sangkum era) Sangkum Khmer nationalism National conservatism Royalism Statism Buddhist socialism Economic nationalism 22 March 1955 18 March 1970 14 years, 361 days Asia Kampuchea Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party Communism Socialism Marxism–Leninism Revisionism Left-wing nationalism 7 January 1979 1 May 1989 10 years, 114 days Asia Republic of Cameroon Cameroonian National Union Big tent 1 September 1966[26] 24 March 1985 18 years, 204 days Africa Cameroon Cameroon People's Democratic Movement Big tent Nationalism Francophilia 1975 1990 15 years, 0 days Africa Cape Verde African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde Communism Marxism–Leninism 1 July 1975 20 January 1981 5 years, 203 days Africa African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde 20 January 1981 28 September 1990 9 years, 251 days Africa Carpatho-Ukraine Ukrainian National Union[27] Nationalism[28] 18 January 1939[28] March 1939 60 days Europe Central African Republic Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa African nationalism Anti-colonialism Progressivism Anti-imperialism 1962 1980 18 years, 0 days Africa Central African Democratic Union African nationalism Republicanism 1 March 1980 2 September 1981 1 year, 185 days Africa Central African Democratic Rally African nationalism Democratic socialism Social democracy Republicanism 6 February 1987 22 April 1991[29] 4 years, 75 days Africa Chad Chadian Progressive Party African nationalism Pan-Africanism Anti-imperialism African socialism Federalism 16 April 1962 6 April 1973 10 years, 355 days Africa National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution 6 April 1973 13 April 1975 2 years, 7 days Africa National Union for Independence and Revolution Nationalism 24 June 1984 3 December 1990 6 years, 162 days Africa Guangzhou Chinese Communist Party Marxism–Leninism Mao Zedong Thought Chinese communism 1927 1927 Asia Hunan 1927 1927 Asia Jinggang 1927 1928 1 year, 0 days Asia Southwest Jiangxi 1930 1931 1 year, 0 days Asia Chinese Soviet Republic Chinese Communist Party 7 November 1931 22 September 1937 5 years, 319 days Asia Xinjiang People's Anti-Imperialist Association Six Great Policies 1 August 1935 1 April 1942 6 years, 243 days Asia Republic of China[note 2]/Taiwan Kuomintang Tridemism 1 July 1925 1 May 1991 62 years, 14 days Asia Yan'an Chinese Communist Party Marxism–Leninism Mao Zedong Thought Chinese communism 1937 1949 12 years, 0 days Asia Comoros Comorian Union for Progress Nationalism 1982 1990 8 years, 0 days Africa People's Republic of the Congo Congolese Party of Labour Communism, Marxism–Leninism 31 January 1969 18 March 1992 23 years, 47 days Africa Tinoquista Costa Rica Peliquista Party Nationalism Personalism Authoritarianism 27 January 1917 12 August 1919 2 years, 197 days North America Czechoslovakia Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (National Front) Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism Husakism 25 February 1948 30 November 1989 41 years, 278 days Europe Dahomey Dahomeyan Unity Party African nationalism Republicanism 11 April 1961 13 November 1963 2 years, 216 days Africa Danzig Nazi Party Nazism 21 October 1937[30][31] 1 September 1939 1 year, 315 days Europe Djibouti People's Rally for Progress Issa interests 1 October 1981 4 September 1992 10 years, 339 days Africa Dominican Republic Dominican Party Trujillism National conservatism Right-wing populism Antihaitianismo 2 August 1931 28 December 1961 30 years, 148 days North America East Germany Socialist Unity Party of Germany (National Front) Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism Stalinism 7 October 1949 1 December 1989 40 years, 55 days Europe Egypt Liberation Rally Egyptian nationalism Pan-Arabism Socialism 10 February 1953 1957 4 years, 0 days Africa National Union Nasserism Pan-Arabism Socialism 1957 1962 5 years, 0 days Africa Arab Socialist Union Arab nationalism Arab socialism Pan-Arabism Nasserism 1961 1976 15 years, 0 days Africa El Salvador National Pro Patria Party Fascism Anti-communism Conservatism Agrarian oligarchy 1933 1944 11 years, 0 days Central America Equatorial Guinea United National Workers' Party African nationalism Personalism Anti-imperialism Anti-colonialism Anti-racism Pan-Africanism Anti-intellectualism Totalitarianism 7 July 1970 25 August 1979 9 years, 49 days Africa Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea African nationalism Militarism 11 October 1987 16 November 1991 4 years, 36 days Africa Eritrea Eritrean People's Liberation Front Left-wing nationalism 1991 (Provisional government) 1993 (Recognized state) 16 February 1994 3 years, 0 days Africa Estonia Russian Communist Party (Central Committee of the Estonian Sections) Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism 29 November 1918 5 June 1919 188 days Europe Estonia Patriotic League (National Front for the Implementation of the Constitution) Estonian nationalism Personalism 9 March 1935 21 July 1940 5 years, 134 days Europe Estonia Communist Party of Estonia Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism 21 July 1940 9 August 1940 19 days Europe Ethiopia Commission for Organizing the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia Communism Marxism–Leninism 12 September 1984 22 February 1987 2 years, 163 days Africa Ethiopia Workers' Party of Ethiopia 22 February 1987 28 April 1991 4 years, 65 days Africa Gabon Gabonese Democratic Party Conservatism 12 March 1968 22 May 1990 22 years, 71 days Africa Georgia Communist Party of Georgia Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism 25 February 1921 30 December 1922 1 year, 308 days Asia Transcaucasia 12 March 1922 30 December 1922 293 days Asia Nazi Germany National Socialist German Workers' Party Nazism 14 July 1933 23 May 1945 11 years, 313 days Europe Reich Commissariat for the Occupied Dutch Territories National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands Collaborationism, Dutch irredentism, Dutch nationalism and Nazism 14 December 1941 6 May 1945 3 years, 143 days Europe Ghana Convention People's Party Nkrumaism African socialism African nationalism Pan-Africanism 31 January 1964 24 February 1966 2 years, 24 days Africa Grenada New Jewel Movement Communism Marxism–Leninism 13 March 1979 25 October 1983 4 years, 226 days North America Guatemala Progressive Liberal Party Ubicoism Liberalism Nationalism Anti-communism 1931 1944 Central America National Liberation Movement Neo-fascism Ultraconservatism Anti-communism 1954 1958 Central America Guinea Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally African nationalism African socialism Pan-Africanism 1960 1984 Africa Guinea-Bissau African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde Communism Marxism–Leninism 1974 1991 Africa Haiti National Unity Party Black nationalism Haitian nationalism Right-wing populism Anti-communism Anti-Americanism 14 June 1957 22 July 1985 28 years, 38 days North America Hawaii Reform Party Americanisation Annexationism 4 July 1894 12 August 1898 4 years, 39 days North America Government of National Unity Arrow Cross Party Magyarism Fascism Collaborationism Agrarianism 16 October 1944 7 May 1945 203 days Europe Hungary Hungarian Working People's Party Communism Marxism–Leninism Stalinism 20 August 1949 31 October 1956 7 years, 72 days Europe Hungary Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party Communism Marxism–Leninism Kádárism 4 November 1956 16 October 1989 32 years, 350 days Europe Indonesia Indonesian National Party Nationalism Marhaenism 17 August 1945 3 November 1945 78 days Asia Imperial State of Iran Rastakhiz Party Monarchism Populism Secularism Democratic centralism Third Position 2 March 1975 1 November 1978 3 years, 244 days Asia Iraq Iraqi Arab Socialist Union Arab nationalism Arab socialism Pan-Arabism Nasserism 14 July 1964 17 July 1968 4 years, 3 days Asia Iraq Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party Saddamist Ba'athism Arab nationalism Arab socialism Pan-Arabism Militarism 17 July 1968 9 April 2003 34 years, 266 days Asia Fascist Italy National Fascist Party Fascism Corporatism Ultranationalism Totalitarianism 17 May 1928[32] 27 July 1943 15 years, 71 days Europe/Africa Italian Social Republic Republican Fascist Party Fascism Corporatism Ultranationalism Totalitarianism Antisemitism Collaborationism 13 September 1943 14 February 1945 1 year, 154 days Europe Ivory Coast Democratic Party of Ivory Coast – African Democratic Rally African nationalism Conservatism Populism Houphouëtism Pan-Africanism 1960 1990 Africa Empire of Japan Imperial Rule Assistance Association Shōwa statism Militarism 1940 1945 Asia Philippine Executive Commission Association for Service to the New Philippines Filipino nationalism National conservatism Fascism Japanophilia Collaborationism 8 December 1942 14 October 1943 310 days Asia Kampuchea Communist Party of Kampuchea Communism Marxism–Leninism Agrarianism Autarky Khmer nationalism Ultranationalism 17 April 1975 7 January 1979 2 years, 265 days Asia Kenya Kenya African National Union Kenyan nationalism Conservatism 1969 (de facto) 1982 (de jure) 1991 Africa First Republic of Korea Liberal Party Ilminism Conservatism Korean nationalism 17 December 1951 19 April 1960 8 years, 124 days Asia Third Republic of Korea Democratic Republican Party Korean nationalism Conservatism Corporatism 2 February 1963 12 December 1979 16 years, 313 days Asia Fifth Republic of Korea Democratic Justice Party Conservatism Authoritarianism 15 January 1981 16 December 1987 6 years, 335 days Asia Independent State of Croatia Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Movement Croatian irredentism Croatian ultranationalism National conservatism Social conservatism Clerical fascism Fascist corporatism Political Catholicism Anti-communism 10 April 1941 8 May 1945 4 years, 28 days Europe Latvia Communist Party of Latvia Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism 17 December 1918 13 January 1920 1 year, 27 days Europe Latvia 21 July 1940 5 August 1940 15 days Europe Liberia True Whig Party Black conservatism Centralization Protectionism Whiggism (until 1940s) 1878 April 1980 Africa Libya Arab Socialist Union Arab nationalism Arab socialism Pan-Arabism Nasserism 11 June 1971 3 March 1977 5 years, 265 days Africa Lithuania–Byelorussia Communist Party of Lithuania and Byelorussia Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism 17 February 1919 17 July 1919 150 days Europe Lithuania Lithuanian Nationalist Union Lithuanian nationalism National conservatism Social conservatism Fascist corporatism Anti-communism 1926[33] 1940 14 years Europe Lithuania Communist Party of Lithuania Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism 21 July 1940 3 August 1940 13 days Europe Democratic Republic of Madagascar National Front for the Defense of the Revolution Left-wing nationalism Scientific socialism 1976 1989 Africa Malawi Malawi Congress Party Ubuntu Conservatism African nationalism Anti-colonialism 1964 1993 Africa Mali Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally African nationalism Pan-Africanism African socialism 1960 1968 Africa Mali Democratic Union of the Malian People African socialism Democratic centralism 1976 1991 Africa Manchukuo Concordia Association Fascism Monarchism Manchurian nationalism Pan-Asianism 1 April 1932[34] 1 May 1945[34] 13 years, 30 days Asia Mauritania Mauritanian People's Party Nationalism Centralism Islamic socialism 1961 1978 Africa Mexico Institutional Revolutionary Party Revolutionary nationalism Big tent 4 March 1929 2 July 2000 71 years, 120 days North America Mongolia Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party Communism Marxism–Leninism 1921 29 July 1990 Asia Mozambique FRELIMO Marxism–Leninism 25 June 1975 1 December 1990 15 years, 159 days Africa Niger Nigerien Progressive Party – African Democratic Rally African nationalism Pan-Africanism 1960 1974 Africa National Movement for the Development of Society Conservatism 1989 1991 Africa Vietnam (partially) Workers' Party of North Vietnam (League for the Independence of Vietnam) Communism Marxism–Leninism Ho Chi Minh Thought 2 September 1945 1946[citation needed] Asia North Vietnam Workers' Party of North Vietnam (Vietnamese Fatherland Front) 1955 2 July 1976 Asia North Yemen General People's Congress Yemeni nationalism Arab nationalism Pan-Arabism Big tent 1982 1988 Asia National Government National Rally Fascism Nazism Fascist corporatism Anti-communism Collaborationism 25 September 1940 8 May 1945 4 years, 225 days Europe Ottoman Empire Union and Progress Party[35] İttihadism 11 June 1913 1918 Asia/Europe Paraguay Colorado Party Conservatism National conservatism 1947 1962 South America Persia Communist Party of Persia Communism Marxism–Leninism 1920 1921 Asia Republic of the Philippines Association for Service to the New Philippines Filipino nationalism, National conservatism, Fascism, Japanophilia, collaborationism 14 October 1943 17 August 1945 1 year, 307 days Asia Poland Polish United Workers' Party (Front of National Unity) Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism 5 February 1947 20 July 1982 35 years, 165 days Europe Poland Polish United Workers' Party (Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth) 20 July 1982 7 April 1989 6 years, 261 days Europe Portugal National Union Salazarism Corporatism Integralismo Lusitano 30 July 1930[36] 8 October 1945[36] 15 years, 70 days Europe 31 January 1948[37] September 1969[note 3] Europe People's National Action (formerly National Union) Corporatism Integralismo Lusitano 1970 25 April 1974 Europe Romania National Renaissance Front Big tent Romanian nationalism Monarchism 16 December 1938 6 September 1940 1 year, 265 days Europe National Legionary State Iron Guard Legionarism Clerical fascism Christian nationalism 6 September 1940 23 January 1941 139 days Europe Romania Romanian Communist Party (People's Democratic Front) Communism Marxism–Leninism 5 February 1948 1968 Europe Romania Romanian Communist Party (Front of Socialist Unity) Communism Marxism–Leninism National Communism 1968 1980 Europe Romania Romanian Communist Party (Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy) 1980 29 December 1989 Europe Rwanda Parmehutu Hutu Power 1965 1973 Africa National Revolutionary Movement for Development Hutu Power Ultranationalism Social conservatism Anti-communism 1978 1991 Africa San Marino Sammarinese Fascist Party Italian fascism Corporatism 1926 1943 Europe Republican Fascist Party of San Marino Italian fascism 1943 1944 Europe Senegal Socialist Party of Senegal African nationalism African socialism 1966 1974 Africa Seychelles Seychelles People's Progressive Front Communism Marxism-Leninism 1979 1991 Africa Sierra Leone All People's Congress African nationalism Democratic socialism 1978 1991 Africa Slovak Republic Hlinka's Slovak People's Party – Party of Slovak National Unity Clerical fascism Slovak nationalism 14 March 1939 8 May 1945 6 years, 55 days Europe Somalia Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party Islamic socialism Marxism–Leninism Pan-Somalism Scientific socialism Somali nationalism July 1976 26 January 1991 Africa People's Republic of Southern Yemen National Liberation Front, Yemeni Socialist Party Arab nationalism Arab socialism 30 November 1967 31 October 1978 10 years, 335 days Asia People's Democratic Republic of Yemen Yemeni Socialist Party Communism Marxism–Leninism 31 October 1978 22 May 1990 11 years, 203 days Asia Democratic Republic of Yemen 21 May 1994 7 July 1994 47 days Asia Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian Communist Party Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism 8 March 1918[38] 30 December 1922 4 years, 297 days Europe/Asia Russian Social Democratic Labour Party 19 January 1918 8 March 1918[38] 48 days Europe/Asia Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Russian Communist Party 30 December 1922 31 December 1925[38] 3 years, 1 day Europe/Asia Union of Soviet Socialist Republics All-Union Communist Party 31 December 1925[38] 13 October 1952[38] 26 years, 287 days Europe/Asia Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Communist Party of the Soviet Union 13 October 1952[38] 9 October 1990[39] 37 years, 361 days Europe/Asia Kingdom of Spain Patriotic Union Spanish nationalism Political Catholicism Monarchism Conservatism 1924 1930 Europe Spanish State FET y de las JONS Francoism Falangism Spanish nationalism traditionalism National Catholicism anti-liberalism Corporatism 1 April 1939 6 July 1976[40] 37 years, 96 days Europe Democratic Republic of the Sudan Sudanese Socialist Union Arab nationalism Arab socialism Anti-communism 1971 1985 Africa Sudan National Congress Party Islamism Arab nationalism Salafism Social conservatism 1989 2005 Africa Syrian Republic Arab Liberation Movement Syrian nationalism Modernization Pro-Western 1953 1954 Asia Syrian Arab Republic Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (National Progressive Front) Neo-Ba'athism Pan-Arabism Arab nationalism Arab socialism Militarism 8 March 1963 27 February 2012[41][42] 8 December 2024 (de-facto) [note 4][43] 48 years, 356 days 61 years, 275 days (de-facto) Asia São Tomé and Príncipe Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe – Social Democratic Party Communism Marxism–Leninism 1975 1990 Africa Tanganyika Tanganyika African National Union African nationalism African socialism Ujamaa 1961 1977 Africa Tanzania Chama Cha Mapinduzi Ujamaa African socialism 1977 1992 Africa Togo Party of Togolese Unity African nationalism 1962 1963 Africa Rally of the Togolese People African nationalism Right-wing populism 1969 1991 Africa Tunisia Neo Destour Tunisian nationalism Bourguibism Arab nationalism Secularism 1963 1964 Africa Socialist Destourian Party Tunisian nationalism Secularism Bourguibism 1964 1981 Africa Turkey (one-party period) Republican People's Party Kemalism 1923 1945 Asia/Europe Turkmenistan Democratic Party of Turkmenistan Turkmen nationalism Secularism Social conservatism Catch-all party 1992 2008 Asia Tuva Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism 14 August 1921 11 October 1944 23 years, 58 days Asia Uganda Uganda People's Congress Social democracy African nationalism Pan-Africanism 1969 1971 Africa Ukraine Communist Party of Ukraine Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism 10 March 1919 30 December 1922 3 years, 295 days Europe United Arab Republic National Union Arab nationalism Arab socialism Pan-Arabism 1958 1961 Africa Upper Volta Voltaic Democratic Union-African Democratic Rally African nationalism Pan-Africanism 1960 1966 Africa Yugoslavia Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy Royalism Yugoslav nationalism Agrarianism Centralism Anti-liberalism 1929 1931 Europe Yugoslavia League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia) Marxism–Leninism Titoism Yugoslavism 29 November 1945 22 January 1990 44 years, 54 days Europe Zaire Popular Movement of the Revolution Mobutism Zairean nationalism Authenticité 1970 1990 Africa Zambia United National Independence Party African socialism African nationalism 1972 1990 Africa Zanzibar Afro-Shirazi Party African nationalism Marxism–Leninism 1964 1977 Africa

## See also

- [Dominant-party system](/source/Dominant-party_system)

- [Ban on factions in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union](/source/Ban_on_factions_in_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union)

- [Multi-party system](/source/Multi-party_system)

- [Outline of democracy](/source/Outline_of_democracy)

- [Political factionalism](/source/Political_faction)

- [Political organisation](/source/Political_organisation)

- [Two-party system](/source/Two-party_system)

- [Uniparty](/source/Uniparty)

- [Unitary parliamentary republic](/source/Unitary_parliamentary_republic)

- [Landslide victory](/source/Landslide_victory)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Previously known as the [Democratic Republic of Vietnam](/source/Democratic_Republic_of_Vietnam) from 2 September 1945 to 25 April 1976.[20] [Reunified with](/source/Reunification_Day) the [Republic of South Vietnam](/source/Provisional_Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Republic_of_South_Vietnam) on 2 July 1976.[21][22]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Zhongguo_31-0)** The [Republic of China](/source/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)) controlled the [mainland](/source/Mainland_China) from 1912 to 1949 and the island of Taiwan since 1945, in which the ROC currently administers [the Free area](/source/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China). This government served China in the [United Nations](/source/United_Nations) from 1945 to 1971. See [Political status of Taiwan](/source/Political_status_of_Taiwan) and the [One-China policy](/source/One_China) for various viewpoints.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** Following the appointment of [Marcelo Caetano](/source/Marcelo_Caetano) as Prime Minister in 1968, the opposition was allowed to run to the [1969 Portuguese legislative election](/source/1969_Portuguese_legislative_election), before being banned.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-46)** While the 2012 constitution introduced by [Bashar al-Assad](/source/Bashar_al-Assad) theoretically enabled the establishment of political parties, Ba'athist Syria remained a de-facto one-party state with an extensive [secret police](/source/General_Intelligence_Directorate_(Syria)) apparatus that curtailed independent political activities.

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Clark, William Roberts; Golder, Matt; Golder, Sona Nadenichek (23 March 2012). [*Principles of Comparative Politics*](https://books.google.com/books?id=2KFvJwi8_jwC&pg=PA611). SAGE. p. 611. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781608716791](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781608716791).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["One-Party"](https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/one-party-states). *Encyclopedia.com*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230221215552/https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/one-party-states) from the original on 21 February 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Angiolillo, Fabio (27 April 2023). ["Introducing the One-Party Membership Dataset: A dataset on party membership in autocracies"](https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00223433231155278). *Journal of Peace Research*. **61** (4): 694–708. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1177/00223433231155278](https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00223433231155278). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0022-3433](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3433).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Political_Order_and_One-Party_Rule_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Political_Order_and_One-Party_Rule_4-1) Magaloni, Beatriz; Kricheli, Ruth (1 May 2010). ["Political Order and One-Party Rule"](https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.polisci.031908.220529). *Annual Review of Political Science*. **13** (1): 123–143. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1146/annurev.polisci.031908.220529](https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.polisci.031908.220529). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1094-2939](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1094-2939).

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---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [One-party state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-party_state) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-party_state?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.