# Olesno > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Olesno > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Olesno.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olesno > Source revision: 1347927688 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{for-multi|other places|Olesno, Lesser Poland Voivodeship|and|Oleśno}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Olesno | image_skyline = Olesno - Corpus Christi church 01.jpg | image_caption = Corpus Christi church | image_flag = POL Olesno flag.svg | image_shield = POL Olesno COA.svg | pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_type1 = [Voivodeship](/source/Voivodeships_of_Poland) | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Opole Voivodeship|name=Opole}} | subdivision_type2 = [County](/source/List_of_Polish_counties) | subdivision_name2 = [Olesno](/source/Olesno_County) | subdivision_type3 = [Gmina](/source/Gmina) | subdivision_name3 = [Olesno](/source/Gmina_Olesno%2C_Opole_Voivodeship) | established_title = First mentioned | established_date = 1226 | established_title2 = Town rights | established_date2 = 1275 | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Piotr Grenda | area_total_km2 = 15.1 | population_as_of = 2019-06-30{{cite web |title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2019-as-of-30th-june,3,26.html|website=stat.gov.pl|publisher=Statistics Poland|date=2019-10-15|access-date=2020-02-14}} | population_total = 9374 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [CET](/source/Central_European_Time) | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [CEST](/source/Central_European_Summer_Time) | utc_offset_DST = +2 | coordinates = {{coord|50|52|30|N|18|25|0|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}} | elevation_m = 240 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 46-300 | blank_name = [Car plates](/source/Polish_car_number_plates) | blank_info = OOL | website = http://www.olesno.pl/ }} '''Olesno'''{{efn| * [Polish pronunciation](/source/Polish_language): {{IPA|pl|ɔˈlɛsnɔ||LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-Olesno.wav}} * [Steuer's Silesian alphabet](/source/Silesian_language): ''Růżano Gůra'', ''Uoleszno'' * [Silesian ślabikŏrzowy szrajbōnek](/source/Silesian_language): ''Rōżanŏ Gōra'', ''Òleszno'' * [German](/source/German_language): ''Rosenberg'' {{IPA|de|ˈʁoːzn̩bɛʁk|}} * [Silesian German](/source/Silesian_German): ''Rusabarg'', ''Rusnbarg'' }} is a [town](/source/town) in [Opole Voivodship](/source/Opole_Voivodeship), in southern [Poland](/source/Poland),{{TERYT}} about {{convert|42|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} north-east of the city of [Opole](/source/Opole). It is the capital of [Olesno County](/source/Olesno_County) and seat of the [Gmina Olesno](/source/Gmina_Olesno%2C_Opole_Voivodeship). ==History== thumb|left|upright|Church of Saint Michael Archangel in 1949 The area near the ancient [Amber Road](/source/Amber_Road) had been settled since the [Neolithic](/source/Neolithic) era. Olesno was first mentioned in a 1226 deed by Bishop [Wawrzyniec](/source/Wawrzyniec_(bishop_of_Wroc%C5%82aw)) of [Wrocław](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Wroc%C5%82aw) though it may refer to the neighbouring village of [Stare Olesno](/source/Stare_Olesno) (Old Olesno). It was part of the duchies of [Opole](/source/Duchy_of_Opole), [Silesia](/source/Duchy_of_Silesia) and again Opole of fragmented [Piast](/source/Piast_dynasty)-ruled [Poland](/source/Kingdom_of_Poland). In 1229 it was acquired by Duke [Henry I the Bearded](/source/Henry_I_the_Bearded) of Wrocław. Olesno became seat of a [castellan](/source/castellan) and received [town rights](/source/town_rights) in 1275 from Duke [Władysław Opolski](/source/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Opolski).{{cite web|url=https://olesno.pl/7582/10872/rys-historyczny.html|title=Rys historyczny|website=Urząd Miejski w Oleśnie|access-date=13 February 2020|language=pl}} A mint was also located in the town. It then was a part of the [Duchy of Opole](/source/Duchy_of_Opole) which became a [fiefdom](/source/fiefdom) of the [Kingdom of Bohemia](/source/Kingdom_of_Bohemia) in 1327 and was incorporated into the [Holy Roman Empire](/source/Holy_Roman_Empire) by [Charles IV](/source/Charles_IV%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor) in 1355, however, it remained under the rule of local Polish dukes within the Duchy of Opole until its dissolution in 1532. The town suffered during the [Thirty Years' War](/source/Thirty_Years'_War), and in 1645 it returned to Poland under the [House of Vasa](/source/House_of_Vasa) until 1666, when it fell again to Bohemia. In 1708 it was hit by a [plague](/source/Plague_(disease)) epidemic. After the [First Silesian War](/source/Silesian_Wars) and the Treaty of Breslau ([Wrocław](/source/Wroc%C5%82aw)) in 1742 Olesno was annexed by the [Kingdom of Prussia](/source/Kingdom_of_Prussia), and in 1815 became part of the [Province of Silesia](/source/Province_of_Silesia). During the [Napoleonic Wars](/source/Napoleonic_Wars), in 1806, the town was captured by [French](/source/First_French_Empire) troops. Despite [Germanisation](/source/Germanisation) policies, in the 19th century the town was a significant Polish center in Upper Silesia, and from 1848 the first local Polish newspaper ''Telegraf Górnośląski'' was published. After [World War I](/source/World_War_I), in 1919 and 1921, the [Silesian Uprisings](/source/Silesian_Uprisings) were fought there, the aim of which was to reintegrate the town with Poland after it regained independence in 1918. In the [Upper Silesia plebiscite](/source/Upper_Silesia_plebiscite) of 20 March 1921 3,286 inhabitants voted to remain in Germany, 473 for Poland. Thus Rosenberg remained part of the [Weimar Republic](/source/Weimar_Republic).[http://www.oberschlesien-ka.de/abstimmung/rosenberg.htm Ergebnisse der Volksabstimmung] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924054324/http://www.oberschlesien-ka.de/abstimmung/rosenberg.htm |date=2015-09-24 }} The ''Volksbote f. d. Kreise Kreuzburg u. Rosenberg'' was published as a local newspaper in Rosenberg. After the outbreak of [World War II](/source/World_War_II) in 1939, the German authorities arrested local Polish activists.Andrzej Kurek, ''Niemieckie więzienia sądowe na Śląsku w czasach Trzeciej Rzeszy'', Kraków, 2007, p. 143–144 (in Polish) On 21 January 1945 it was taken by the [Soviet](/source/Red_Army) troops of the 5th Guards Army. It became again part of Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which remained in power until the [Fall of Communism](/source/Fall_of_Communism) in the 1980s. The [Polish anti-communist resistance](/source/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)) was active in Olesno, including the [Konspiracyjne Wojsko Polskie](/source/Konspiracyjne_Wojsko_Polskie) (Underground Polish Army) and ''Wulkan'' (Volcano) organizations.{{cite book|title=Atlas polskiego podziemia niepodległościowego 1944–1956|year=2007|location=Warszawa–Lublin|publisher=[Instytut Pamięci Narodowej](/source/Institute_of_National_Remembrance)|language=pl|pages=386, 444|isbn=978-83-60464-45-8}} The Olesno Regional Museum was founded in 1960.{{cite web|url=https://olesno.pl/7586/10879/oleskie-placowki-kultury.html|title=Oleskie placówki kultury|website=Urząd Miejski w Oleśnie|access-date=13 February 2020|language=pl}} ==Notable people== * [Georg Burgfeld](/source/Georg_Burgfeld) (1909–1957), highly decorated Hauptmann in the [Wehrmacht](/source/Wehrmacht) * [Adam Deja](/source/Adam_Deja) (born 1993), footballer{{citation needed|date=September 2025}} * [Hermann Friedberg](/source/Hermann_Friedberg) (1817–1884), physician * [Jan Grzesik](/source/Jan_Grzesik) (born 1994), footballer{{citation needed|date=September 2025}} * [Rudy Kennedy](/source/Rudy_Kennedy) (1927–2008), rocket scientist * [Franciszek Kokot](/source/Franciszek_Kokot) (1929-2021), [nephrologist](/source/nephrologist), [endocrinologist](/source/endocrinologist) * [Adam Ledwoń](/source/Adam_Ledwo%C5%84) (1974–2008), football player * {{interlanguage link|Józef Lompa|pl|display=1}} (1797–1863), Polish activist, poet and publisher * [Helmuth von Pannwitz](/source/Helmuth_von_Pannwitz) (1898–1947), general * [David Rosin](/source/David_Rosin) (1823–1894), theologian * [Reinhold Saltzwedel](/source/Reinhold_Saltzwedel) (1889–1917), U-boat commander * [Oliwia Woś](/source/Oliwia_Wo%C5%9B) (born 1999), footballer{{Cite web |title=Oliwia Wos - Women's Soccer |url=https://iuhoosiers.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/oliwia-wos/15838 |access-date=2025-09-23 |website=Indiana University Athletics |language=en}} ==Twin towns – sister cities== See [twin towns of Gmina Olesno](/source/Gmina_Olesno%2C_Opole_Voivodeship). ==Gallery== Ratusz w Oleśnie - 2024.jpg|Town hall at the Market Square Kościół odpustowy św Anny w Oleśnie (04).jpg|Wooden [Saint Anne](/source/Saint_Anne) church, built in 1518, expanded in 1668-1670 Kościół św. Michaław w Oleśnie1.JPG|[Gothic](/source/Gothic_architecture) Church of Saint Michael Archangel Pozostałości murów miejskich z XV w Oleśnie Pit242.jpg|Preserved parts of the medieval town walls == Notes == {{Notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.olesno.pl/ Official town webpage] *[http://www.olesno.de/ German page about Olesno] *[http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/olesno/ Jewish Community in Olesno] on Virtual Shtetl {{Olesno County}} {{Gmina Olesno, Opole Voivodeship}} {{Authority control}} Category:Cities in Silesia Category:Cities and towns in Opole Voivodeship Category:Olesno County --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Olesno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olesno) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olesno?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.