# Ogygis Undae

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Martian dune field

USGS map showing the location of Ogygis Undae on Mars

**Ogygis Undae** is the only named southern hemisphere [dune field](/source/Dune_field) on [Mars](/source/Mars).[1] It is named after one of the [classical albedo features on Mars](/source/Classical_albedo_features_on_Mars), *Ogygis Regio*.[2] Its name, which refers to [Ogyges](/source/Ogyges), a primeval mythological ruler in [ancient Greece](/source/Ancient_Greece),[2] was officially approved by the [International Astronomical Union](/source/International_Astronomical_Union) (IAU) on September 17, 2015. It is situated just outside [Argyre Planitia](/source/Argyre_Planitia), a plain located in the southern highlands of Mars.[3] The dunes of Ogygis Undae extend from latitude −49.94°N to −49.37°N and from longitude 292.64°E to 294.93°E (65.07°W – 67.36°W).[2] They are centered at latitude −49.66°N, longitude 293.79°E (66.21°W), and extend approximately 87 km to the east and west from there.[4][2] Ogygis Undae has an area of 1904 km2, and due to its large size is a primary subject for research on Martian [dune](/source/Dune) morphology and [sand](/source/Sand) composition.[4][3]

## Morphology

Ogygis Undae is the final sink of an extended sand transport system that was imaged with the [HRSC](/source/High_Resolution_Stereo_Camera) camera onboard [ESA](/source/European_Space_Agency) [Mars Express](/source/Mars_Express). The complexity of this transport system is as extensive as some terrestrial examples. Dunes in Ogygis Undae have several morphologies including: [barhcan](/source/Barchan), barchanoid, dome and [star dunes](/source/Star_dune). The variety of dune types indicates that they were deposited in a multimodal wind regime with different winds converging into the basin where the dunes are located, carrying sand from multiple source areas.[4] The morphological complexity is mirrored by the diverse mineral composition of the dune-forming sediment.[3]

## Composition

Mineral distribution across the dune fields of Ogygis Undae is non-uniform and bimodal.[3] The relative juxtaposition of the two primary grain types reveals how [Aeolian processes](/source/Aeolian_processes) affect the transport of sand on the surface of Mars.[3] Compositional spectra were acquired and analyzed in 2016 by USGS scientists using both the [Thermal Emission Spectrometer](/source/Thermal_Emission_Spectrometer) (TES) instrument on board [Mars Global Surveyor](/source/Mars_Global_Surveyor) and the [Thermal Emission Imaging System](/source/Thermal_Emission_Imaging_System) (THEMIS) on board the [2001 Mars Odyssey](/source/2001_Mars_Odyssey) spacecraft.[3][5] Other characteristics of Ogygis Undae, such as its nocturnal thermal inertia values, corroborate the finding that there is a bimodal sand-type distribution across the field.

[Thermal emission spectroscopy](/source/Thermal_emission_spectroscopy) results from the large dune field located inside [Gale Crater](/source/Gale_Crater) were used as a reference for data obtained from Ogygis Undae because the features of Gale Crater were investigated extensively both by orbiting spacecraft and on site by the NASA Mars rover, *[Curiosity](/source/Curiosity_(rover))*, a part of the [Mars Science Laboratory](/source/Mars_Science_Laboratory) (MSL) mission.[3] Ogygis Undae differs from the Gale dune field in both sand-type composition and [homogeneity](/source/Homogeneity_(physics)), indicating differences in both the types of sources for these dune fields as well as the distance from their respective sand-sources.[3][5] The USGS investigators also noted that the dunes of Ogygis Undae look similar to the dunes in [Grand Falls, Arizona](/source/Grand_Falls%2C_Arizona).[3][5]

## See also

- [Solar System portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Solar_System)

- [Abalos Undae](/source/Abalos_Undae)

- [Aspledon Undae](/source/Aspledon_Undae)

- [Hagal dune field](/source/Hagal_dune_field)

- [Hyperboreae Undae](/source/Hyperboreae_Undae)

- [Nili Patera dune field](/source/Nili_Patera_dune_field)

- [Olympia Undae](/source/Olympia_Undae)

- [Siton Undae](/source/Siton_Undae)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-USGS2_1-0)** ["Nomenclature Search Results Target: MARS Feature Type: Unda, undae"](https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/SearchResults?target=MARS&featureType=Unda,%20undae). *Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature*. [USGS](/source/USGS).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-USGS_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-USGS_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-USGS_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-USGS_2-3) ["Ogygis Undae"](https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/nomenclature/Feature/15370;jsessionid=9664E7B3222A6A4FBFDB14D84EEC5448). *Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature*. [USGS](/source/USGS).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-47th_Lunar_and_Planetary_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-47th_Lunar_and_Planetary_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-47th_Lunar_and_Planetary_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-47th_Lunar_and_Planetary_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-47th_Lunar_and_Planetary_3-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-47th_Lunar_and_Planetary_3-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-47th_Lunar_and_Planetary_3-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-47th_Lunar_and_Planetary_3-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-47th_Lunar_and_Planetary_3-8) H. R. Charles, T. N. Titus, R. K. Hayward, and C. S. Edwards. ["Comparison of the Mineral Composition of the Sediment Found in Two Mars Dunefields: Ogygis Undae and Gale Crater"](https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2016/pdf/3006.pdf) (PDF). *47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2016)*. USGS.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_4-2) Silvestro, S.; Di Achille, G.; Ori, G.G. (September 2010). "Dune morphology, sand transport pathways and possible source areas in east Thaumasia Region (Mars)". *Geomorphology*. **121** (1–2): 84–97. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2010Geomo.121...84S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Geomo.121...84S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.07.019](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2009.07.019). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0169-555X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0169-555X).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Earth_and_Planetary_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Earth_and_Planetary_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Earth_and_Planetary_5-2) Heather Charles, Timothy Titus, Rosalyn Hayward, Christopher Edwards, Caitlin Ahrens (15 January 2017). "Comparison of the mineral composition of the sediment found in two Mars dunefields: Ogygis Undae and Gale crater – three distinct endmembers identified". *Earth and Planetary Science Letters*. **458**: 152–160. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2017E&PSL.458..152C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E&PSL.458..152C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.epsl.2016.10.022](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2016.10.022).{{[cite journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

v t e Geography and geology of Mars Cartography Regions Abalos Undae Aspledon Undae Arabia Terra Cerberus Cydonia Eridania Lake Hyperboreae Undae Ogygis Undae Olympia Undae Planum Australe Planum Boreum Quadrangles Sinus Meridiani Siton Undae Tempe Terra Terra Cimmeria Terra Sabaea Tharsis Vastitas Borealis Quadrangles Aeolis Amazonis Amenthes Arabia Arcadia Argyre Casius Cebrenia Coprates Diacria Elysium Eridania Hellas Iapygia Ismenius Lacus Lunae Palus Mare Acidalium Mare Australe (South Pole) Mare Boreum (North Pole) Mare Tyrrhenum Margaritifer Sinus Memnonia Noachis Oxia Palus Phaethontis Phoenicis Lacus Sinus Sabaeus Syrtis Major Tharsis Thaumasia Geology Surface features Brain terrain Carbonates Chaos terrain Color Composition Concentric crater fill Dark slope streak Dichotomy Dune fields Hagal Nili Patera Fretted terrain Geysers Glaciers Groundwater Gullies Inverted relief Lakes Lava tubes Lineated valley fill (LVF) Lobate debris apron North Polar Basin Ocean hypothesis Ore resources Outflow channels Polar caps Ring mold craters Rootless cones Scalloped topography Seasonal flows Soil Spherules Surface Swiss cheese features Terrain softening Tholus Upper plains unit Valley networks Water discovery chronology Yardangs History Amazonian Hesperian Noachian Volcanology Observation history Canals (list) Classical albedo features Rocks observed Curiosity rover Bathurst Inlet Coronation Goulburn Hottah Jake Matijevic Link Rocknest Rocknest 3 Tintina Opportunity rover Bounce El Capitan Last Chance Sojourner rover Barnacle Bill Yogi Spirit rover Adirondack Home Plate Mimi Pot of Gold Viking Big Joe Other Face Monolith Meteorites found on Mars Block Island Heat Shield Mackinac Island Meridiani Planum Oileán Ruaidh Shelter Island Martian meteorites found on Earth Balsaltic Breccia Chassignites Nakhlites Shergottites Other List Topography Mountains, volcanoes (list by height) Acidalia Colles Alba Mons Anseris Mons Apollinaris Mons Ariadnes Colles Astapus Colles Ausonia Montes Avernus Colles Biblis Tholus Centauri Montes Charitum Montes Echus Montes Elysium Elysium Mons Albor Tholus Hecates Tholus Erebus Montes Galaxius Mons Hadriacus Mons Hellas Montes Jovis Tholus Libya Montes Mount Sharp Nereidum Montes Olympus Mons Phlegra Montes Syrtis Major Planum Tartarus Colles Tartarus Montes Tharsis Montes Ascraeus Pavonis Arsia Tharsis Tholus Tyrrhenus Mons Ulysses Tholus Uranius group Uranius Mons Ceraunius Tholus Uranius Tholus Plains, plateaus Acidalia Planitia Aeolis Palus Amazonis Planitia Arcadia Planitia Argentea Planum Argyre Planitia Chryse Planitia Daedalia Planum Elysium Planitia Eridania Planitia Hellas Planitia Hesperia Planum Icaria Planum Isidis Planitia Lunae Planum Meridiani Planum Oxia Planum Planum Australe Planum Boreum Syria Planum Syrtis Major Planum Utopia Planitia Eden Patera Orcus Patera Peneus Patera Pityusa Patera Siloe Patera Canyons, valleys Aram Chaos Arsia Chasmata Aromatum Chaos Atlantis Chaos Aureum Chaos Candor Chasma Chasma Boreale Coprates Chasma Echus Chasma Eos Chaos Eos Chasma Galaxias Chaos Ganges Chasma Gorgonum Chaos Hebes Chasma Hydaspis Chaos Hydraotes Chaos Iani Chaos Ister Chaos Ius Chasma Juventae Chasma Melas Chasma Ophir Chasma Tithonium Chasma List of valles Apsus Ares Arnus Asopus Athabasca Auqakuh Bahram Buvinda Dao Enipeus Frento Granicus Green Valley Harmakhis Hebrus Her Desher Hrad Huo Hsing Hypanis Iberus Indus Ituxi Kasei Labou Ladon Lethe Licus Louros Maʼadim Mad Maja Mamers Mangala Marineris Labes Marte Maumee Mawrth Minio Naktong Nanedi Niger Nirgal Padus Paraná Patapsco Peace Rahway Ravi Reull Sabis Sabrina Samara Scamander Shalbatana Simud Stura Tader Tinia Tinjar Tiu Tyras Uzboi ULM Vedra Verde Warrego Fossae, mensae, rupes, labyrinthi Amenthes Fossae Ceraunius Fossae Cerberus Fossae Coloe Fossae Cyane Fossae Elysium Fossae Hephaestus Fossae Icaria Fossae Labeatis Fossae Mangala Fossa Mareotis Fossae Medusae Fossae Memnonia Fossae Nili Fossae Olympica Fossae Oti Fossae Sirenum Fossae Tantalus Fossae Tempe Fossae Tithonium Fossae Tractus Fossae Ulysses Fossae Aeolis Mensae Ausonia Mensa Capri Mensa Cydonia Mensae Deuteronilus Mensae Ganges Mensa Nilosyrtis Mensae Protonilus Mensae Sacra Mensa Claritas Rupes Nilokeras Scopulus Olympus Rupes Rupes Tenuis Angustus Labyrinthus Noctis Labyrinthus Catenae, craters Artynia Catena Tithoniae Catenae Tractus Catena Adams Agassiz Airy Airy-0 Aniak Antoniadi Arandas Argo Arkhangelsky Arrhenius Asimov Bacolor Bakhuysen Baldet Baltisk Bamberg Barabashov Barnard Beagle Becquerel Beer Belz Bernard Bianchini Boeddicker Bok Bond Bonestell Bonneville Brashear Briault Burroughs Burton Campbell Canso Cassini Caxias Cerulli Chafe Chapais Chincoteague Chryse Alien Clark Coblentz Columbus Copernicus Corby Crewe Crivitz Crommelin Cruls Curie Da Vinci Danielson Darwin Davies Dawes Dejnev Denning Dilly Dinorwic Douglass Dromore Du Martheray Eagle (Acidalia Planitia) Eagle (Meridiani Planum) Eberswalde Eddie Ejriksson Emma Dean Endeavour Matijevic Hill Endurance Erebus Escalante Eudoxus Fenagh Fesenkov Firsoff Flammarion Flaugergues Focas Fontana Fournier Fram Freedom Galdakao Gale Galle Garni Gasa Gilbert Gill Gledhill Gold Graff Green Grindavik Gusev Apollo 1 Hills Chaffee Grissom White Columbia Hills Husband McCool Sleepy Hollow Hadley Haldane Hale Halley Hargraves Hartwig Heaviside Heimdal Heinlein Helmholtz Henry Herschel Hipparchus Holden Holmes Hooke Huggins Hussey Hutton Huxley Huygens Iazu Ibragimov Inuvik Janssen Jarry-Desloges Jeans Jezero Jezža Joly Jones Kaiser Keeler Kepler Kinkora Kipini Knobel Koga Korolev Kufra Kuiper Kunowsky Lambert Lamont Lampland Lassell Lau Le Verrier Li Fan Liais Lipik Liu Hsin Llanesco Lockyer Lod Lohse Lomonosov Louth Lowell Lyell Lyot Mädler Magelhaens Maggini Main Mandora Maraldi Mariner Marth Martz Masursky Maunder McLaughlin McMurdo Mellish Mendel Mie Milankovic Millochau Mitchel Miyamoto Mohawk Mojave Molesworth Montevallo Moreux Müller Nansen Nereus 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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ogygis Undae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogygis_Undae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogygis_Undae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.