# Officinalis

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> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officinalis
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{{Short description|Term in biology}}
{{italic title}}
{{wikt|officinalis|officinale}}
'''''Officinalis''''', '''''officinale''''', or occasionally '''''officinarum''''' is a [Medieval Latin](/source/Medieval_Latin) [epithet](/source/epithet) denoting [organism](/source/organism)s—mainly plants—with uses in medicine, [herbalism](/source/herbalism), manufacturing, and cookery. It commonly occurs as a [specific epithet](/source/specific_epithet), the second term of a two-part botanical name. '''''Officinalis''''' is used to modify masculine and feminine nouns, while '''''officinale''''' is used for neuter nouns.

==Etymology==
The word {{lang|la|officinalis}} literally means 'of or belonging to an {{wikt-lang|la|officīna}}', the storeroom of a monastery, where medicines and other necessaries were kept.<ref>{{cite book |author=Stearn, William T.|author-link=William Thomas Stearn |title=Botanical Latin |publisher=[Timber Press](/source/Timber_Press) (OR) |year=2004 |page=456 |isbn=0-88192-627-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0hZvTFJUioC&pg=PA456}}</ref> {{lang|la|Officīna}} was a contraction of {{lang|la|opificīna}}, from {{wikt-lang|la|opifex}} ([gen.](/source/genitive_case) {{lang|la|opificis}}) 'worker, maker, doer' (from {{lang|la|opus}} 'work') + {{wikt-lang|la|-fex}}, {{wikt-lang|la|-ficis}}, 'one who does', from {{lang|la|facere}} 'do, perform'.<ref>Online Etymology Dictionary, entry  [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=officinalis&searchmode=none "officinalis"], accessed May 3, 2010.</ref> When [Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus) invented the [binomial system of nomenclature](/source/binomial_nomenclature), he gave the specific name ''officinalis'', in the 1735 (1st Edition) of his {{lang|la|[Systema Naturae](/source/Systema_Naturae)}}, to plants (and  sometimes animals or fungi) with an established medicinal, culinary, or other use.<ref>Pearn J.,"On 'officinalis' the names of plants as one enduring history of therapeutic medicine. ''Vesalius''. 2010 Dec;Suppl:24-8  Authors:</ref>

==Species==
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*''[Alpina officinarum](/source/Alpina_officinarum)'' (Galangal)
*''[Althaea officinalis](/source/Althaea_officinalis)'' (Marshmallow)
*''[Anchusa officinalis](/source/Anchusa_officinalis)'' (Bugloss)
*''[Asparagus officinalis](/source/Asparagus_officinalis)'' (Asparagus)
*''[Avicennia officinalis](/source/Avicennia_officinalis)'' (Mangrove)
*''[Betonica officinalis](/source/Betonica_officinalis)'' (Betony) syn. ''[Stachys officinalis](/source/Stachys_officinalis)''
*''[Bistorta officinalis](/source/Bistorta_officinalis)'' (European Bistort)
*''[Borago officinalis](/source/Borage)'' (Borage)
*''[Buddleja officinalis](/source/Buddleja_officinalis)'' (Pale Butterflybush)
*''[Calendula officinalis](/source/Calendula_officinalis)'' (Pot Marigold)
*''[Cinchona officinalis](/source/Cinchona_officinalis)'' (Quinine)
*''[Cochlearia officinalis](/source/Cochlearia_officinalis)'' (Scurvygrass)
*''[Corallina officinalis](/source/Corallina_officinalis)'' (Coral Weed (seaweed))
*''[Cornus officinalis](/source/Cornus_officinalis)'' (Cornelian Cherry)
*''[Cyathula officinalis](/source/Cyathula_officinalis)'' (Oxe knee)
*''[Cynoglossum officinale](/source/Cynoglossum_officinale)'' (Houndstongue)
*''[Euphrasia officinalis](/source/Euphrasia_officinalis)'' (Eyebright)
*''[Fumaria officinalis](/source/Fumaria_officinalis)'' (Fumitory)
*''[Galega officinalis](/source/Galega_officinalis)'' (Goat's Rue)
*''[Gratiola officinalis](/source/Gratiola_officinalis)'' (Hedge Hyssop)
*''[Guaiacum officinale](/source/Guaiacum_officinale)'' (''lignum vitae'')
*''[Hyssopus officinalis](/source/Hyssopus_officinalis)'' (Hyssop)
*''[Jasminum officinale](/source/Jasminum_officinale)'' (Jasmine)
*''[Laricifomes officinalis](/source/Laricifomes_officinalis)'' (Quinine Conk)
*''[Lavandula officinalis](/source/Lavandula_officinalis)'' (English Lavender) syn. ''[Lavandula angustifolia](/source/Lavandula_angustifolia)''
*''[Levisticum officinale](/source/Levisticum_officinale)'' (Lovage)
*''[Lithospermum officinale](/source/Lithospermum_officinale)'' (Gromwell)
*''[Magnolia officinalis](/source/Magnolia_officinalis)''
*''[Melilotus officinalis](/source/Melilotus_officinalis)'' (Ribbed Melilot)
*''[Melissa officinalis](/source/Melissa_officinalis)'' (Lemon Balm)
*''[Morinda officinalis](/source/Morinda_officinalis)'' (Indian Mulberry)
*''[Nasturtium officinale](/source/Watercress)'' (Watercress)
*''[Paeonia officinalis](/source/Paeonia_officinalis)'' (Common Paeony)
*''[Parietaria officinalis](/source/Parietaria_officinalis)'' (Pellitory of the Wall)
*''[Pilosella officinarum](/source/Pilosella_officinarum)'' (Mouse-Ear)
*''[Pimenta officinalis](/source/Pimenta_officinalis)'' (Allspice) syn. ''[Pimenta dioica](/source/Pimenta_dioica)''
*''[Pulmonaria officinalis](/source/Pulmonaria_officinalis)'' (Lungwort)
*''[Rheum officinale](/source/Rheum_officinale)'' (Rhubarb)
*''[Rosa gallica](/source/Rosa_gallica)'' 'Officinalis' (Apothecary Rose)
*''[Rosmarinus officinalis](/source/Rosmarinus_officinalis)'' (Rosemary) syn. ''[Salvia rosmarinus](/source/Salvia_rosmarinus)''
*''[Salvia officinalis](/source/Salvia_officinalis)'' (Garden Sage)
*''[Sanguisorba officinalis](/source/Sanguisorba_officinalis)'' (Great Burnet)
*''[Saponaria officinalis](/source/Saponaria_officinalis)'' (Soapwort)
*''[Scindapsus officinalis](/source/Scindapsus_officinalis)'' (Long Pepper)
*''[Senega officinalis](/source/Senega_officinalis)'' (Senega) syn. ''[Polygala senega](/source/Polygala_senega)''
*''[Sepia officinalis](/source/Sepia_officinalis)'' (Cuttlefish)
*''[Sisymbrium officinale](/source/Sisymbrium_officinale)'' (Hedge Mustard)
*''[Spongia officinalis](/source/Spongia_officinalis)'' (Bath Sponge)
*''[Styrax officinalis](/source/Styrax_officinalis)'' (Drug Snowbell)
*''[Symphytum officinale](/source/Symphytum_officinale)'' (Comfrey)
*''[Taraxacum officinale](/source/Taraxacum_officinale)'' (Dandelion)
*''[Valeriana officinalis](/source/Valeriana_officinalis)'' (Valerian)
*''[Verbena officinalis](/source/Verbena_officinalis)'' (Vervain)
*''[Veronica officinalis](/source/Veronica_officinalis)'' (Speedwell)
*''[Zingiber officinale](/source/Zingiber_officinale)'' (Ginger)
{{div col end}}

==See also==
*''[Esculentus](/source/Esculentus)'', a species name translating to 'edible'. 
*''[Hortensis](/source/Hortensis_(disambiguation))'', a species name roughly translating to 'of the garden'.
* ''[Oleraceus](/source/Oleraceus)'', an epithet denoting a species that has an extensive history of use as a vegetable and/or culinary plant. 
* ''[Sativum](/source/Sativum)'', ''[Sativus](/source/Sativus)'', or ''[Sativa](/source/Sativa)'', a species name translating to 'cultivated'. 
* ''[Tinctorius](/source/Tinctorius)'' or ''Tinctoria'', denotes a species that has a history of use for dyeing.

==References==
{{reflist}}

Category:Taxonomy (biology)
Category:Latin biological phrases

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Officinalis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officinalis) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officinalis?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.