# Odostomia
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{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Odostomia - Sowerby (detail).jpg
| image_caption = ''[Brachystomia eulimoides](/source/Brachystomia_eulimoides)'', ''[Melanella conoidea](/source/Melanella_conoidea)'', ''[Odostomia conspicua](/source/Odostomia_conspicua)'', ''[Jordaniella truncatula](/source/Jordaniella_truncatula)''
| taxon = Odostomia
| authority = [J. Fleming](/source/John_Fleming_(naturalist)), 1813
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms_ref = [Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2011). Odostomia Fleming, 1813. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138413 on 3 June 2012][Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180-213][Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp]
Most of the description of species in the genus ''Odostomia'' was carried out by Dall & Bartsch in 1909.[[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32384#page/8/mode/1up Dall & Bartsch, A Monograph of West American Pyramidellid Mollusks, United States National Museum Bulletin 68, 1909]] Many of the described species are however suspected of being synonyms, or are proven synonyms.
The genus ''Odostomia'' Fleming, 1813 was used by 19th century authors, particularly in the European literature, for most of the smaller [Pyramidellidae](/source/Pyramidellidae). It is still a catchall for most small pyramidellids lacking both axial and spiral sculpture. Some authors, e.g. Høisæter (2014), Peñas, Rolán & Swinnen (2014) and Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. (2014) who are here followed have attempted to redistribute some of the species, but there are still many species remaining unduly under ''Odostomia''. For these, the database [WoRMS](/source/WoRMS) has refrained from making new combinations not backed by (or implicit from) a published source but, unless otherwise noted, the species that were already "accepted" under a subgenus now raised to full genus have been marked as "accepted" under that full genus.[National Audubon Society (1996), Field Guide to North American Seashells, {{ISBN|0-394-51913-2}}]
==Distribution==
The genus ''Odostomia'' is common in all oceans from the tropics to the polar regions. It is mainly known from coastal areas and sandy shores, and is less common in the [deep sea](/source/deep_sea).
==Description==
There is little known about their life histories. Most species are only known from their shells.
Most species have a white of yellowish, minute, conical to ovate-conical shell, usually between 2 mm and 5 mm. The [apex](/source/Apex_(mollusc)) is rather obtuse or nipple-shaped, sinistrally or dextrally oriented to the teloconch. The [protoconch](/source/protoconch) is usually deeply immersed in the first of the succeeding turns. The shells are variously sculptured, usually with a microsculpture. The [teleoconch](/source/teleoconch) contains in most cases between 4 and 6 [whorl](/source/Whorl_(mollusc))s. The [body whorl](/source/body_whorl) is usually large, comprising 50-60% of the total length. The [aperture](/source/Aperture_(mollusc)) is suboval to ovate with the [peristome](/source/peristome) incomplete behind. There is usually a tooth-like fold on the [columella](/source/Columella_(gastropod)). The shells usually have a small [umbilicus](/source/Umbilicus_(mollusc)) or none at all.[[https://archive.org/stream/histmolluscous00macgrich#page/152/mode/2up Macgillivray, William, History of the molluscous animals of Scotland; London, 1844]][[http://www.biolbull.org/content/192/2/243.full.pdf Rachel Collin & John B. Wise (1996), ''Morphology and development of Odostomia columbiana Dall & Bartsch, 1909 (Pyramidellidae); Implications for the Evolution of gastropod Development'', Biol. Bull. 192: 243-252. (April, 1997)]]
==Life habits==
The members of ''Odostomia'' are [ectoparasite](/source/ectoparasite)s on other molluscs, and polychaetes. First they pierce the body wall with the buccal stylet and then feed on them by sucking blood with their buccal pump. They have become a pest of [oyster](/source/oyster)s, [mussel](/source/mussel)s, [scallop](/source/scallop)s and [slipper limpet](/source/slipper_limpet)s.[[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=2B0A6831870C684F0929E2409EDDDBFF.journals?fromPage=online&aid=4244132 H. A. Cole and D. A. Hancock, ''Odostomia as a pest of oysters and mussels''; Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (1955), 34 : pp 25-31]] Most of the Odostomia species are host-specific, only a few are not. ''Odostomia scalaris'' MacGillivray, 1843 is an ectoparasite on a wide range of hosts but especially known as a pest of mussels. ''Odostomia turrita'' Hanley, 1844 has been found on the European lobster ''Homarus gammarus'' (Linnaeus, 1758).[Sneli, J.-A. (1972). Odostomia turrita found on Homarus gammarus Nautilus: Maandblad van het Koninklijk Belgisch Zeemanscollege = Nautilus: Revue mensuelle du Collège Royal Maritime Belge 86(1): 23]
==Species==
{{main|List of Odostomia species}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book
| author = Fleming, T
| year = 1813
| title = Conchology. Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopedia
| volume = 7
| pages = 55–107
| issn =
| doi =
}}
* {{cite journal
| author = [Schander](/source/Christoffer_Schander), C., van Aartsen J. J. & Corgan, J. X.
| year = 1999
| title = Families and genera of the Pyramidelloidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda)
| journal =Bollettino Malacologico
| volume = 34
| issue = 9–12
| pages = 145–166
| issn =
| doi =
}}
* Fretter, V. M., and A. Graham. 1949. The structure and mode of life of the Pyramidellidae, parasitic opisthobranchs. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 28: 493-532
* Boss, K. J., and A. S. Merrill. 1965. Degree of host specificity in two species of ''Odostomia'' (Pyramidellidae: Gastropoda). Proc. Malacol. Sot. London 36: 349–355.
* Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). {{ISBN|0-915826-22-4}}. XII, 195 pp
* Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
* Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). ''All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia''. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Odostomia}}
* [http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20o?search=Odostomia To Discoverlife]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=177493&lvl=0 To GenBank]
* [https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=75447 To ITIS]
* [http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138413 To World Register of Marine Species]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3142778}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
Category:Odostomia
Category:Pyramidellidae
Category:Gastropod genera
Category:Taxa named by John Fleming (naturalist)
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Odostomia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odostomia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odostomia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.