# Odenwaldia

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Extinct genus of temnospondyls

Odenwaldia Temporal range: Middle Triassic Fossil of Odenwaldia heidelbergensis in Heidelberg University Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Tetrapoda Order: †Temnospondyli Suborder: †Stereospondyli Clade: †Capitosauria Family: †Heylerosauridae Genus: †Odenwaldia Morales and Kamphausen, 1984 Species Odenwaldia heidelbergensis Morales and Kamphausen, 1984 (type)

***Odenwaldia*** is an extinct [genus](/source/Genus) of [mastodonsauroid](/source/Mastodonsauroidea) [temnospondyl](/source/Temnospondyl) within the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Heylerosauridae](/source/Heylerosauridae).[1]

## History of study

*Odenwaldia* is only known from one species, *O. heidelbergensis*, and was named by Morales & Kamphausen (1984).[2] The holotype, a skull roof and counterpiece cast, were collected from the Middle Bundsandstein (Oberes Konglomerat) near [Heidelberg](/source/Heidelberg), Germany and were first described by Wilhelm Simon in 1961, who thought that the specimen belonged to the [trematosaur](/source/Trematosauria) *[Trematosaurus](/source/Trematosaurus)*.[3] It was then redescribed by Schoch (2008).[4]

## Description

The holotype is the only uncontroversial specimen of this taxon, although others have been referred to the species.[5] *Odenwaldia* is diagnosed by several autapomorphies, including (1) small orbits combined with broad interorbital distance; (2) preorbital region slender, with nasals and lacrimals narrower than frontals; and (3) dermal ornament consists of small, similarly sized polygons, but no elongated ridges.[5] In contrast to most other capitosaurs, it has a laterally extensive postorbital and a contact between the prefrontal and the postfrontal.

## Classification

Morales and Kamphausen originally proposed that *Odenwaldia* represented an intermediary form between *[Benthosuchus](/source/Benthosuchus)* and *[Eocyclotosaurus](/source/Eocyclotosaurus)*, but this was in part based on the outdated concept of [Capitosauria](/source/Capitosauria) (*Benthosuchus* is now regarded as a trematosaur) and did not involve a phylogenetic analysis. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses recover *Odenwaldia* securely within Capitosauria and perhaps within [Capitosauroidea](/source/Mastodonsauroidea) specifically, as an early diverging taxon in either instance.

Below is the phylogeny of Fortuny et al. (2011):[6]

Lydekkerina huxleyi Rhinesuchidae Rhineceps nyasaensis Uranocentrodon senekalensis Capitosauria Wetlugasaurus angustifrons Odenwaldia heidelbergensis Vladlenosaurus alexeyevi Edingerella madagascariensis Watsonisuchus spp. Xenotosuchus africanus Cherninia denwai Paracyclotosaurus crookshanki Stanocephalosaurus pronus Stanocephalosaurus birdi Procyclotosaurus stantonensis Eocyclotosaurus spp. Quasicyclotosaurus campi Parotosuchus orenburgensis Calmasuchus acri Cyclotosaurus robustus Tatrasuchus wildi Eryosuchus garjainovi Mastodonsaurus giganteus Trematosauria Benthosuchus sushkini Trematosauroidea Thoosuchus yakovlevi Angusaurus spp. Trematosaurus brauni

## See also

- [Paleontology portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Paleontology)

- [Prehistoric amphibian](/source/Prehistoric_amphibian)

- [List of prehistoric amphibians](/source/List_of_prehistoric_amphibians)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Damiani, R.J. (2001) [A systematic revision and phylogenetic analysis of Triassic mastodonsauroids (Temnospondyli: Stereospondyli)](https://archive.today/20120629171526/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120802305/abstract). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 133: 379-482.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Morales, Michael; Kamphausen, Donat (1984-12-07). ["Odenwaldia heidelbergensis, a new Benthosuchid Stegocephalian from the Middle Buntsandstein of the Odenwald, Germany"](http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/njgpm/detail/1984/93393/Odenwaldia_heidelbergensis_a_new_Benthosuchid_Steg?af=crossref). *Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte*. **1984** (11): 673–683. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1127/njgpm/1984/1984/673](https://doi.org/10.1127%2Fnjgpm%2F1984%2F1984%2F673). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0028-3630](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-3630).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Simon, Wilhelm (1961). "Ein Riesenlurch aus dem Odenwald: Fundbericht von Waldkatzenbach am Katzenbuckel". *Der Aufschluß*. **12**: 128–130.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Schoch, Rainer R. (2008-12-30). ["The Capitosauria (Amphibia): characters, phylogeny, and stratigraphy"](http://www.palaeodiversity.org/pdf/01/Palaeodiversity_1_13_189-226.pdf) (PDF). *Palaeodiversity*. **1**: 189–226.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_5-1) Schoch, Rainer R. (2011-07-01). ["How diverse is the temnospondyl fauna in the Lower Triassic of southern Germany?"](http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/njgpa/detail/261/76168/How_diverse_is_the_temnospondyl_fauna_in_the_Lower?af=crossref). *Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen*. **261** (1): 49–60. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1127/0077-7749/2011/0147](https://doi.org/10.1127%2F0077-7749%2F2011%2F0147). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0077-7749](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0077-7749).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Fortuny, Josep; Galobart, Àngel; Santisteban, Carles De (2011). ["A New Capitosaur from the Middle Triassic of Spain and the Relationships within the Capitosauria"](http://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app20100025.html). *Acta Palaeontologica Polonica*. **56** (3): 553–566. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.4202/app.2010.0025](https://doi.org/10.4202%2Fapp.2010.0025). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0567-7920](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0567-7920).

v t e Stereospondyli Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Tetrapodomorpha Order: Temnospondyli Tetrapodomorpha see Tetrapodomorpha Temnospondyli see Temnospondyli Stereospondyli see below↓ Stereospondyli Stereospondyli Arachana Capulomala Peltobatrachus Lapillopsidae Lapillopsis Manubrantlia Rhigerpeton Rotaurisaurus Rhinesuchidae Australerpeton? Broomistega Laccosaurus Parapytanga? Rastosuchus Rhineceps Rhinesuchoides Rhinesuchus Uranocentrodon Lydekkerinidae Chomatobatrachus Cryobatrachus Deltacephalus Eolydekkerina Indobenthosuchus Luzocephalus? Lydekkerina Capitosauria Antarctosuchus Bukobaja Calmasuchus Capitosaurus Cherninia Cyclotosaurus Edingerella Eocyclotosaurus Eryosuchus Heptasaurus Huangfuchuansuchus Jammerbergia Kestrosaurus Kupferzellia Mastodonsaurus Meyerosuchus Odenwaldia Paracyclotosaurus Parotosuchus Quasicyclotosaurus Procyclotosaurus Promastodonsaurus Rhadalognathus Samarabatrachus Sassenisaurus Sclerothorax Selenocara Stanocephalosaurus Stenotosaurus Subcyclotosaurus Tatrasuchus Vladlenosaurus Volgasaurus Volgasuchus Warrenisuchus Watsonisuchus Wellesaurus Wetlugasaurus Xenotosuchus Yuanansuchus Trematosauria see below↓ Trematosauria Trematosauria Almasaurus Bothriceps Callistomordax Chinlestegophis Keratobrachyops Laidleria Latiscopus Qantas Rileymillerus Syrtosuchus Uruyiella Benthosuchidae Benthosuchus Kwatisuchus Trematosauridae Angusaurus Aphaneramma Cosgriffius Erythrobatrachus Gonioglyptus Hyperokynodon Icanosaurus Indolyrocephalus Inflectosaurus Lyrocephaliscus Microposaurus Panchetosaurus Platystega Prothoosuchus Stoschiosaurus Tertrema Tertremoides Thoosuchus Tirraturhinus Trematolestes Trematosuchoides Trematosaurus Trematosuchus Trematotegmen Wantzosaurus Metoposauridae Anaschisma Apachesaurus Arganasaurus Buettnererpeton Dutuitosaurus Metoposaurus Panthasaurus Rhytidosteidae Boreopelta Mahavisaurus Nanolania Peltostega Pneumatostega Rhytidosteus Sangaia Trucheosaurus Derwentiinae Arcadia Acerastia Deltasaurus Derwentia Indobrachyops Rewana Chigutisauridae Arenaerpeton Chigutisaurus Compsocerops Koolasuchus Pelorocephalus Siderops Brachyopidae Banksiops Bathignathus Batrachosaurus Batrachosuchoides Batrachosuchus Blinasaurus Brachyops Gobiops Hadrokkosaurus Notobrachyops Platycepsion Sinobrachyops Vanastega Vigilius Xenobrachyops Plagiosauridae Gerrothorax Megalophthalma Plagiobatrachus Plagiorophus Plagiosaurus Plagioscutum Plagiosternum Plagiosuchus See also: Trematosauroidea Metoposauroidea Rhytidosteoidea Brachyopomorpha Brachyopoidea Plagiosauroidea Category

Taxon identifiers Odenwaldia Wikidata: Q7077672 GBIF: 4815960 IRMNG: 1051243 Open Tree of Life: 4948408 Paleobiology Database: 37089 Odenwaldia heidelbergensis Wikidata: Q17637340 GBIF: 8610939 Open Tree of Life: 6159057 Paleobiology Database: 202715

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