# Octomedusa

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***Octomedusa*** is a genus of extinct [scyphozoan](/source/Scyphozoa) [jellyfish](/source/Jellyfish) known from the [Late Carboniferous](/source/Moscovian_(Carboniferous)) sediments of the [Mazon Creek fossil beds](/source/Mazon_Creek_fossil_beds). It contains a single species, ***O. pieckorum***. It was first described by Gordon Johnson and Eugene S. Richardson, Jr. in 1968, where its holotype (FMNH no. PE 11410) and paratype (FMNHno.PE 11377) being unearthed by Mr. and Mrs. Ted Piecko.[1] Fossils of the jellyfish occur and other organisms occur in iron-stone concentrations. *Octomedusa* was described by Foster (1979) as representing a primitive [coronate](/source/Coronatae), however these affinities have been challenged and *Octomedusa* has had many more affinities after.[2][3] *O. pieckorum* is the type species of the genus *Octomedusa*.[4] [5]

## History

In 1968, Ralph Gordon Johnson and Eugene S. Richardson, Jr. along with the help of Mr. and Mrs. Ted Piecko described *O. pieckorum* with uncertain affinities within the [Incertae Sedis](/source/Incertae_Sedis).[1] Foster went on to describe *Octomedusa* as a Coronate Cnidarian; with the discovery of now-scientifically described "Blobs" ([Essexella](/source/Essexella))[6] from the same region as *O. pieckorum* Sroka, 1997, and Young & Hagadorn, 2010, described them as having problematic affinities. Young and Hagadorn also proposed the idea of *Octomedusa* as being a [Narcomedusan](/source/Narcomedusa) [Hydrozoan](/source/Hydrozoa); although they did not give any explanation on why they assigned the jellyfish to that affinity and even if the fossils belonged to the order [Narcomedusae](/source/Narcomedusae) it would be within the subclass [Trachylinae](/source/Trachylinae) as opposed to the other [Aequoreids](/source/Aequoreidae), which are found in the [Leptomedusae](/source/Leptomedusae).[2]

## Etymology

The species name, *pieckorum*, is in honour of the fossil collectors Mr. and Mrs. Ted Piecko who have helped donate the holotype and paratype of *Octomedusa* to a museum for further studies and scientific descriptions.[1]

## Description

*Octomedusa* possess 7-8 tentacles that each come from a pentagonal bell. Every tentacle is equal in length; they may vary, but never exceed the diameter of the cnidarian body. A narrow velum (velarium) is present in the organism and is 1 millimeter (0.039 in)-1 millimeter (0.039 in) in width. The large manubrium, represented by a square-central impression about 1 millimeter (0.039 in), contains a [cruciform](/source/Cruciform) mouth.[1] A smooth and scalloped margin are present in specimens, which was the result of artefacts made from preservation.[6] Each tentacle has a length of 4 millimeters (0.16 in)-10 millimeters (0.39 in). The preserved remains of the organism are so general that they were originally not able to be assigned to either the true jellyfish or the hydroids.[1]

## See also

- [Essexella](/source/Essexella)

## References

1. JOHNSON, RALPH GORDON & RICHARDSON Jr., EUGENE S. ["PENNSYLVANIAN INVERTEBRATES OF THE MAZON CREEK AREA, ILLINOIS"](https://ia800200.us.archive.org/31/items/pennsylvanianinv127john/pennsylvanianinv127john.pdf). *Archive.org*. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

1. Adler, Laetitia & Röper, Martin (2012). ["Description of a new potential fossil hydromedusa Palaequorea rygoli and revision of the fossil medusa Hydrocraspedota mayri from the Plattenkalks of the Franconian Alb, Southern Germany"](https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/njgpa/detail/264/78087/Description_of_a_new_potential_fossil_hydromedusa_?af=crossref). *Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen*. **264** (3): 249–262. [Bibcode:2012NJGPA.264..249A](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012NJGPA.264..249A). [doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2012/0239](https://doi.org/10.1127/0077-7749/2012/0239)

1. Paulyn, Cartwright; Halgedahl, Susan L.; Hendricks, Jonathan R.; Jarrard, Richard D.; Marques, Antonio C.; Collins, Allen G.; Lieberman, Bruce S. (October 31, 2007). "Exceptionally Preserved Jellyfishes from the Middle Cambrian". *PLOS ONE*. **14** (12): 4. [Bibcode:2007PLoSO...2.1121C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PLoSO...2.1121C). [doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001121](https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001121). [PMC 2040521](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2040521). [PMID 17971881](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17971881)

1. Ramon Case, Gerard & Nostrand Reinhold, Van (1982). [*A pictorial guide to fossils*](https://books.google.com/books?id=8pXuAAAAMAAJ&q=Octomedusa). 1 ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 10. ISBN 9780442226510. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

1. [*Type Fossil Miscellanea (Worms, Problematica, Conoidal Shells, Trace Fossils) in Field Museum*](https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTg-AQAAIAAJ&q=Octomedusa). The Museum. 1977.

1. Nitecki, Matthew H. (1979). [*Mazon Creek Fossils*](https://books.google.com/books?id=zongBAAAQBAJ&dq=Octomedusa&pg=PA232). 1 ed. Elsevier Science. pp. 192, 200, 2004, 209–212, 219, 227, 229. ISBN 9781483257884. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Octomedusa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octomedusa) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octomedusa?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.