# October 15

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October 15 in recent years 2025 (Wednesday) 2024 (Tuesday) 2023 (Sunday) 2022 (Saturday) 2021 (Friday) 2020 (Thursday) 2019 (Tuesday) 2018 (Monday) 2017 (Sunday) 2016 (Saturday)

Day of the year

**October 15** is the 288th day of the year (289th in [leap years](/source/Leap_year)) in the [Gregorian calendar](/source/Gregorian_calendar); 77 days remain until the end of the year.

## Events

### Pre-1600

- [1066](/source/1066) – Following the death of Harold II at the [Battle of Hastings](/source/Battle_of_Hastings), [Edgar the Ætheling](/source/Edgar_the_%C3%86theling) is proclaimed King of England by the [Witan](/source/Witan); he is never crowned, and concedes power to [William the Conqueror](/source/William_the_Conqueror) two months later.[1]

- [1211](/source/1211) – [Battle of the Rhyndacus](/source/Battle_of_the_Rhyndacus_(1211)): The [Latin emperor](/source/Latin_emperor) [Henry of Flanders](/source/Henry_of_Flanders) defeats the [Nicaean emperor](/source/Nicaean_emperor) [Theodore I Laskaris](/source/Theodore_I_Laskaris).[2]

- [1529](/source/1529) – The [Siege of Vienna](/source/Siege_of_Vienna_(1529)) ends when Austria routs the invading Ottoman forces, ending its European expansion.

- [1582](/source/1582) – [Adoption of the Gregorian calendar](/source/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar) begins, eventually leading to near-universal adoption.

### 1601–1900

- [1651](/source/1651) – [Qing](/source/Qing_Dynasty) forces capture the [island of Zhoushan](/source/Zhoushan_Island). [Zhu Yihai, Prince of Lu](/source/Zhu_Yihai), resident of the island and [regent](/source/List_of_emperors_of_the_Ming_dynasty#Southern_Ming) of the [Southern Ming](/source/Southern_Ming), flees to [Kinmen](/source/Kinmen).[3]

- [1781](/source/1781) – The [Battle of Raft Swamp](/source/Battle_of_Raft_Swamp) marks the last battle fought in North Carolina during the [American Revolutionary War](/source/American_Revolutionary_War) with a Patriot victory.[4] It occurred four days before the British surrender at Yorktown.

- [1783](/source/1783) – The [Montgolfier brothers](/source/Montgolfier_brothers)' hot air balloon makes the first human ascent, piloted by [Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier](/source/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Pil%C3%A2tre_de_Rozier).[5]

- [1793](/source/1793) – Queen [Marie Antoinette](/source/Marie_Antoinette) of France is tried and convicted of treason.[6]

- [1815](/source/1815) – [Napoleon](/source/Napoleon) begins his [exile](/source/Napoleon's_exile_to_St._Helena) on Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.[7]

- [1864](/source/1864) – [American Civil War](/source/American_Civil_War): The Union garrison of Glasgow, Missouri [surrenders](/source/Battle_of_Glasgow%2C_Missouri) to Confederate forces.

- [1888](/source/1888) – The ["From Hell" letter](/source/From_Hell_letter) allegedly sent by Jack the Ripper is received by investigators.

### 1901–present

- [1910](/source/1910) – [Airship *America*](/source/America_(airship)) is launched from New Jersey in the first attempt to cross the Atlantic by a powered aircraft.

- [1923](/source/1923) – The [German Rentenmark](/source/German_Rentenmark) is introduced in Germany to counter [hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic](/source/Hyperinflation_in_the_Weimar_Republic).

- [1928](/source/1928) – The airship *[Graf Zeppelin](/source/LZ_127_Graf_Zeppelin)* completes its first trans-Atlantic flight, landing at [Lakehurst, New Jersey](/source/Lakehurst%2C_New_Jersey), United States.

- [1932](/source/1932) – Tata Airlines (later to become [Air India](/source/Air_India)) makes its first flight.

- [1939](/source/1939) – The New York Municipal Airport (later renamed [LaGuardia Airport](/source/LaGuardia_Airport)) is dedicated.

- [1940](/source/1940) – President [Lluís Companys](/source/Llu%C3%ADs_Companys) of Catalonia is executed by the [Francoist](/source/Francoist) government.

- [1944](/source/1944) – [World War II](/source/World_War_II): Germany [replaces the Hungarian government](/source/Operation_Panzerfaust) after Hungary announces an armistice with the Soviet Union.[8]

- [1951](/source/1951) – Mexican chemist [Luis E. Miramontes](/source/Luis_E._Miramontes) completes the synthesis of [norethisterone](/source/Norethisterone), the basis of an early oral contraceptive.

- [1954](/source/1954) – [Hurricane Hazel](/source/Hurricane_Hazel) devastates the eastern seaboard of North America, killing 95 and causing massive floods as far north as Toronto.

- [1956](/source/1956) – [FORTRAN](/source/FORTRAN), the first modern computer language, is first shared with the coding community.

- [1965](/source/1965) – [Vietnam War](/source/Vietnam_War): A draft card is burned during an anti-war rally by the [Catholic Worker Movement](/source/Catholic_Worker_Movement), resulting in the first arrest under a new law.

- [1966](/source/1966) – The [Black Panther Party](/source/Black_Panther_Party) is created by [Huey P. Newton](/source/Huey_P._Newton) and [Bobby Seale](/source/Bobby_Seale).

- [1970](/source/1970) – During the construction of Australia's [West Gate Bridge](/source/West_Gate_Bridge), a span of the bridge falls and kills 35 workers. The incident is the country's worst industrial accident to this day.[9]

- [1979](/source/1979) – Supporters of the Malta Labour Party [ransack and destroy](/source/Black_Monday_(Malta)) the *Times of Malta* building and other locations associated with the Nationalist Party.

- 1979 – A [coup d'état](/source/1979_Salvadoran_coup_d'%C3%A9tat) in El Salvador overthrows President [Carlos Humberto Romero](/source/Carlos_Humberto_Romero) and begins the 12 year-long [Salvadoran Civil War](/source/Salvadoran_Civil_War).[10]

- [1987](/source/1987) – [Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 460](/source/Aero_Trasporti_Italiani_Flight_460) crashes near Conca di Crezzo, [Italy](/source/Italy), killing all 37 people on board.[11]

- [1987](/source/1987) – A [coup d'état](/source/1987_Burkina_Faso_coup_d'%C3%A9tat) in Burkina Faso overthrows and kills then President [Thomas Sankara](/source/Thomas_Sankara).[12]

- [1989](/source/1989) – [Wayne Gretzky](/source/Wayne_Gretzky) becomes the all-time leading points scorer in the [NHL](/source/NHL).

- [1990](/source/1990) – Soviet Union leader [Mikhail Gorbachev](/source/Mikhail_Gorbachev) is awarded the [Nobel Peace Prize](/source/Nobel_Peace_Prize) for his efforts to lessen Cold War tensions and open up his nation.

- [1991](/source/1991) – The "[Oh-My-God particle](/source/Oh-My-God_particle)", an [ultra-high-energy cosmic ray](/source/Ultra-high-energy_cosmic_ray) measured at 40,000,000 times that of the highest energy protons produced in a [particle accelerator](/source/Particle_accelerator), is observed at the [University of Utah](/source/University_of_Utah) [HiRes](/source/High_Resolution_Fly's_Eye_Cosmic_Ray_Detector) observatory in [Dugway Proving Ground](/source/Dugway_Proving_Ground), [Utah](/source/Utah).

- 1991 – The leaders of the [Baltic States](/source/Baltic_States), [Arnold Rüütel](/source/Arnold_R%C3%BC%C3%BCtel) of [Estonia](/source/Estonia), [Anatolijs Gorbunovs](/source/Anatolijs_Gorbunovs) of [Latvia](/source/Latvia) and [Vytautas Landsbergis](/source/Vytautas_Landsbergis) of [Lithuania](/source/Lithuania), signed the [OSCE](/source/OSCE) Final Act in [Helsinki](/source/Helsinki), Finland.[13]

- [1994](/source/1994) – The United States, under the [Clinton administration](/source/Clinton_administration), returns Haiti's first democratically elected president, [Jean-Bertrand Aristide](/source/Jean-Bertrand_Aristide), to the island.[14]

- [1997](/source/1997) – The [Cassini probe](/source/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens) launches from Cape Canaveral on its way to Saturn.

- [2001](/source/2001) – NASA's [Galileo spacecraft](/source/Galileo_spacecraft) passes within 112 miles (180 km) of Jupiter's moon Io.

- [2003](/source/2003) – China launches [Shenzhou 5](/source/Shenzhou_5), its first crewed space mission.

- [2006](/source/2006) – The 6.7 [Mw](/source/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw) [Kiholo Bay earthquake](/source/2006_Kiholo_Bay_earthquake) rocks Hawaii, causing property damage, injuries, landslides, power outages, and the closure of Honolulu International Airport.

- [2007](/source/2007) – Seventeen activists in New Zealand are arrested in the country's first post-9/11 [anti-terrorism raids](/source/2007_New_Zealand_police_raids).

- [2008](/source/2008) – The [Dow Jones Industrial Average](/source/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average) closes down 733.08 points, or 7.87%, the [second worst percentage drop](/source/Black_Monday_(1987)) in the Dow's history.

- [2013](/source/2013) – The 7.2 [Mw](/source/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw) [Bohol earthquake](/source/2013_Bohol_earthquake) strikes the Philippines. At least 215 were killed.

- [2016](/source/2016) – One hundred and ninety-seven nations amend the [Montreal Protocol](/source/Montreal_Protocol) to include a phase-out of hydrofluorocarbons.

- [2018](/source/2018) – 13-year-old American girl, [Jayme Closs](/source/Kidnapping_of_Jayme_Closs), is kidnapped from her [Barron, Wisconsin](/source/Barron%2C_Wisconsin) home after her parents were both murdered.[15]

## Births

### Pre-1600

- [70 BC](/source/70_BC) – [Virgil](/source/Virgil), Roman poet (died 19 BC)[16]

- [1265](/source/1265) – [Temür Khan, Emperor Chengzong of Yuan](/source/Tem%C3%BCr_Khan%2C_Emperor_Chengzong_of_Yuan) (died 1307)

- [1440](/source/1440) – [Henry III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse](/source/Henry_III%2C_Landgrave_of_Upper_Hesse), German noble (died 1483)

- [1471](/source/1471) – [Konrad Mutian](/source/Konrad_Mutian), German epigrammatist and academic (died 1526)

- [1542](/source/1542) – [Akbar](/source/Akbar), Mughal emperor (died 1605)

- [1561](/source/1561) – [Richard Field](/source/Richard_Field_(theologian)), English cathedral dean (died 1616)

- [1564](/source/1564) – [Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg](/source/Henry_Julius%2C_Duke_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg) (died 1613)

- [1599](/source/1599) – [Cornelis de Graeff](/source/Cornelis_de_Graeff), Dutch mayor and regent of Amsterdam (died 1664)

### 1601–1900

- [1608](/source/1608) – [Evangelista Torricelli](/source/Evangelista_Torricelli), Italian physicist and mathematician (died 1647)

- [1622](/source/1622) – [Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie](/source/Magnus_Gabriel_De_la_Gardie), Swedish statesman and military man (died 1686)

- [1686](/source/1686) – [Allan Ramsay](/source/Allan_Ramsay_(poet)), Scottish poet and playwright (died 1758)

- [1701](/source/1701) – [Marie-Marguerite d'Youville](/source/Marie-Marguerite_d'Youville), Canadian nun and saint, founded [Grey Nuns](/source/Grey_Nuns) (died 1771)

- [1711](/source/1711) – [Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine](/source/Elisabeth_Therese_of_Lorraine), Queen of Sardinia (died 1741)

- [1762](/source/1762) – [Samuel Adams Holyoke](/source/Samuel_Adams_Holyoke), American composer and educator (died 1820)

- [1765](/source/1765) – [Sir George Pocock, 1st Baronet](/source/Sir_George_Pocock%2C_1st_Baronet), English politician and peer (died 1840)[17]

- [1767](/source/1767) – [Gabriel Richard](/source/Gabriel_Richard), French-born American [Roman Catholic](/source/Catholic_Church) priest, missionary, educator, and politician (died 1832)

- [1775](/source/1775) – [Bernhard Crusell](/source/Bernhard_Crusell), Finnish composer (died 1838)[18]

- [1784](/source/1784) – [Thomas Robert Bugeaud](/source/Thomas_Robert_Bugeaud), French general and politician, [Governor-General of Algeria](/source/List_of_rulers_of_Algeria_before_independence) (died 1849)

- [1785](/source/1785) – [José Miguel Carrera](/source/Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_Carrera), Chilean general and politician (died 1821)

- [1789](/source/1789) – [William Christopher Zeise](/source/William_Christopher_Zeise), Danish chemist who prepared [Zeise's salt](/source/Zeise's_salt), one of the first organometallic compounds (died 1847)

- [1802](/source/1802) – [Louis-Eugène Cavaignac](/source/Louis-Eug%C3%A8ne_Cavaignac), French general and politician, [head of state of France](/source/List_of_heads_of_state_of_France#French_Second_Republic_(1848–1852)) in 1848 (died 1857)[19]

- [1814](/source/1814) – [Mikhail Lermontov](/source/Mikhail_Lermontov), Russian author, poet, and painter (died 1841)

- [1816](/source/1816) – [John Robertson](/source/John_Robertson_(premier)), English-Australian politician, 5th [Premier of New South Wales](/source/Premier_of_New_South_Wales) (died 1891)

- [1818](/source/1818) – [Alexander Dreyschock](/source/Alexander_Dreyschock), Czech pianist and composer (died 1869)

- [1825](/source/1825) – [Marie of Prussia](/source/Marie_of_Prussia), Queen of Bavaria (died 1889)

- [1829](/source/1829) – [Asaph Hall](/source/Asaph_Hall), American astronomer and academic (died 1907)

- [1833](/source/1833) – [John Alexander MacPherson](/source/John_Alexander_MacPherson), Australian politician, 7th [Premier of Victoria](/source/Premier_of_Victoria) (died 1894)

- [1836](/source/1836) – [James Tissot](/source/James_Tissot), French painter and illustrator (died 1902)

- [1840](/source/1840) – [Honoré Mercier](/source/Honor%C3%A9_Mercier), Canadian journalist, lawyer, and politician, 9th [Premier of Quebec](/source/Premier_of_Quebec) (died 1894)

- [1844](/source/1844) – [Friedrich Nietzsche](/source/Friedrich_Nietzsche), German composer, poet, and philosopher (died 1900)

- [1858](/source/1858) – [John L. Sullivan](/source/John_L._Sullivan), American boxer, actor, and journalist (died 1918)

- [1865](/source/1865) – [Charles W. Clark](/source/Charles_W._Clark), American singer and educator (died 1925)

- [1872](/source/1872) – [Wilhelm Miklas](/source/Wilhelm_Miklas), Austrian educator and politician, 3rd [President of Austria](/source/President_of_Austria) (died 1956)

- 1872 – [August Nilsson](/source/August_Nilsson), Swedish pole vaulter, shot putter, and [tug of war](/source/Tug_of_war) competitor (died 1921)

- [1874](/source/1874) – [Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha](/source/Alfred%2C_Hereditary_Prince_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha) (died 1899)

- [1878](/source/1878) – [Paul Reynaud](/source/Paul_Reynaud), French lawyer and politician, 118th [Prime Minister of France](/source/Prime_Minister_of_France) (died 1966)

- [1879](/source/1879) – [Jane Darwell](/source/Jane_Darwell), American actress (died 1967)

- [1881](/source/1881) – [P. G. Wodehouse](/source/P._G._Wodehouse), English novelist and playwright (died 1975)

- [1882](/source/1882) – [Charley O'Leary](/source/Charley_O'Leary), American baseball player and coach (died 1941)

- [1884](/source/1884) – [Archibald Hoxsey](/source/Archibald_Hoxsey), American pilot (died 1910)

- [1887](/source/1887) – [Frederick Fleet](/source/Frederick_Fleet), English sailor and lookout on the [Titanic](/source/Titanic) (died 1965)[20]

- [1888](/source/1888) – [S. S. Van Dine](/source/S._S._Van_Dine), American author and critic (died 1939)

- [1890](/source/1890) – [Álvaro de Campos](/source/%C3%81lvaro_de_Campos), Portuguese poet and engineer (died 1935)

- [1893](/source/1893) – [Carol II of Romania](/source/Carol_II_of_Romania), King of Romania (died 1953)

- [1894](/source/1894) – [Moshe Sharett](/source/Moshe_Sharett), Ukrainian-Israeli lieutenant and politician, 2nd [Prime Minister of Israel](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Israel) (died 1965)

- [1897](/source/1897) – [Johannes Sikkar](/source/Johannes_Sikkar), Estonian soldier and politician, [Prime Minister of Estonia in exile](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia_in_exile) (died 1960)

- [1899](/source/1899) – [Adolf Brudes](/source/Adolf_Brudes), Polish-German racing driver (died 1986)

- [1900](/source/1900) – [Mervyn LeRoy](/source/Mervyn_LeRoy), American actor, director, and producer (died 1987)

### 1901–present

- [1901](/source/1901) – [Enrique Jardiel Poncela](/source/Enrique_Jardiel_Poncela), Spanish playwright and novelist (died 1952)

- [1905](/source/1905) – [C. P. Snow](/source/C._P._Snow), English chemist and author (died 1980)

- [1906](/source/1906) – [Hiram Fong](/source/Hiram_Fong), American soldier and politician (died 2004)

- 1906 – [Alicia Patterson](/source/Alicia_Patterson), American journalist and publisher, co-founded *[Newsday](/source/Newsday)* (died 1963)

- 1906 – [Victoria Spivey](/source/Victoria_Spivey), American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 1976)

- [1907](/source/1907) – [Varian Fry](/source/Varian_Fry), American journalist and author (died 1967)

- [1908](/source/1908) – [Herman Chittison](/source/Herman_Chittison), American pianist (died 1967)

- 1908 – [John Kenneth Galbraith](/source/John_Kenneth_Galbraith), Canadian-American economist and diplomat, 7th [United States Ambassador to India](/source/United_States_Ambassador_to_India) (died 2006)

- [1909](/source/1909) – [Jesse L. Greenstein](/source/Jesse_L._Greenstein), American astronomer and academic (died 2002)

- 1909 – [Robert Trout](/source/Robert_Trout), American journalist (died 2000)

- [1910](/source/1910) – [Edwin O. Reischauer](/source/Edwin_O._Reischauer), Japanese-American scholar and diplomat, [United States Ambassador to Japan](/source/United_States_Ambassador_to_Japan) (died 1990)

- [1912](/source/1912) – [Nellie Lutcher](/source/Nellie_Lutcher), American singer and pianist (died 2007)

- [1913](/source/1913) – [Wolfgang Lüth](/source/Wolfgang_L%C3%BCth), German [U-boat](/source/U-boat) captain (died 1945)[21]

- [1914](/source/1914) – [Mohammed Zahir Shah](/source/Mohammed_Zahir_Shah), Afghan king (died 2007)

- [1916](/source/1916) – [Al Killian](/source/Al_Killian), American trumpet player and bandleader (died 1950)

- 1916 – [George Turner](/source/George_Turner_(writer)), Australian author and critic (died 1997)

- [1917](/source/1917) – [Jan Miner](/source/Jan_Miner), American actress (died 2004)

- 1917 – [Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.](/source/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr.), American historian and critic (died 2007)

- 1917 – [Paul Tanner](/source/Paul_Tanner), American trombonist and educator (died 2013)

- [1919](/source/1919) – [Malcolm Ross](/source/Malcolm_Ross_(balloonist)), American captain, balloonist, and physicist (died 1985)

- 1919 – [Chuck Stevenson](/source/Chuck_Stevenson), American race car driver (died 1995)

- [1920](/source/1920) – [Chris Economaki](/source/Chris_Economaki), American sportscaster and actor (died 2012)

- 1920 – [Patricia Jessel](/source/Patricia_Jessel), Hong Kong-English actress (died 1968)

- 1920 – [Peter Koch](/source/Peter_Koch_(wood_scientist)), American industrial engineer and wood scientist (died 1998)[22]

- 1920 – [Mario Puzo](/source/Mario_Puzo), American author and screenwriter (died 1999)[23]

- 1920 – [Henri Verneuil](/source/Henri_Verneuil), Turkish-French director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2002)

- [1921](/source/1921) – [Angelica Rozeanu](/source/Angelica_Rozeanu), Romanian-Israeli table tennis player (died 2006)

- [1922](/source/1922) – [Agustina Bessa-Luís](/source/Agustina_Bessa-Lu%C3%ADs), Portuguese author (died 2019)

- 1922 – [Tommy Edwards](/source/Tommy_Edwards), American singer-songwriter (died 1969)[24]

- 1922 – [Preben Munthe](/source/Preben_Munthe), Norwegian economist and politician, [State Conciliator of Norway](/source/State_Conciliator_of_Norway) (died 2013)

- [1923](/source/1923) – [Italo Calvino](/source/Italo_Calvino), Italian novelist, short story writer, and journalist (died 1985)

- 1923 – [Antonio Fontán](/source/Antonio_Font%C3%A1n), Spanish journalist and politician (died 2010)

- 1923 – [Eugene Patterson](/source/Eugene_Patterson), American journalist and activist (died 2013)

- 1923 – [Lindsay Thompson](/source/Lindsay_Thompson), Australian politician, 40th [Premier of Victoria](/source/Premier_of_Victoria) (died 2008)

- [1924](/source/1924) – [Marguerite Andersen](/source/Marguerite_Andersen), German-Canadian author and educator (died 2022)

- 1924 – [Lee Iacocca](/source/Lee_Iacocca), American businessman and author (died 2019)[23]

- 1924 – [Warren Miller](/source/Warren_Miller_(director)), American director and screenwriter (died 2018)

- [1925](/source/1925) – [Mickey Baker](/source/Mickey_Baker), American-French guitarist (died 2012)

- 1925 – [Aurora Bautista](/source/Aurora_Bautista), Spanish actress (died 2012)

- 1925 – [Tony Hart](/source/Tony_Hart), English painter and television host (died 2009)

- [1926](/source/1926) – [James E. Akins](/source/James_E._Akins), American soldier and diplomat, [United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia](/source/United_States_Ambassador_to_Saudi_Arabia) (died 2010)

- 1926 – [Agustín García Calvo](/source/Agust%C3%ADn_Garc%C3%ADa_Calvo), Spanish philosopher and poet (died 2012)

- 1926 – [Michel Foucault](/source/Michel_Foucault), French historian and philosopher (died 1984)

- 1926 – [Ed McBain](/source/Ed_McBain), American author and screenwriter (died 2005)

- 1926 – [Jean Peters](/source/Jean_Peters), American actress (died 2000)

- 1926 – [Karl Richter](/source/Karl_Richter_(conductor)), German organist and conductor (died 1981)

- [1927](/source/1927) – [B. S. Abdur Rahman](/source/B._S._Abdur_Rahman), Indian businessman and philanthropist (died 2015)

- [1929](/source/1929) – [Will Insley](/source/Will_Insley), American painter and architect (died 2011)

- [1930](/source/1930) – [FM-2030](/source/FM-2030), Belgian-Iranian basketball player, philosopher and diplomat (died 2000)

- 1930 – [Ned McWherter](/source/Ned_McWherter), American politician, 46th [Governor of Tennessee](/source/Governor_of_Tennessee) (died 2011)[25]

- [1931](/source/1931) – [A. P. J. Abdul Kalam](/source/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam), Indian engineer, academic, and politician, 11th [President of India](/source/President_of_India) (died 2015)[26]

- 1931 – [Pauline Perry, Baroness Perry of Southwark](/source/Pauline_Perry%2C_Baroness_Perry_of_Southwark), English academic and politician

- [1932](/source/1932) – [Jaan Rääts](/source/Jaan_R%C3%A4%C3%A4ts), Estonian guitarist and composer (died 2020)

- [1933](/source/1933) – [Nicky Barnes](/source/Nicky_Barnes), American drug lord (died 2012)

- [1934](/source/1934) – [Alan Elsdon](/source/Alan_Elsdon), English trumpet player (died 2016)

- 1934 – [N. Ramani](/source/N._Ramani), Indian flute player (died 2015)

- [1935](/source/1935) – [Barry McGuire](/source/Barry_McGuire), American singer-songwriter and guitarist[27]

- 1935 – [Dick McTaggart](/source/Dick_McTaggart), Scottish boxer (died 2025)

- 1935 – [Bobby Morrow](/source/Bobby_Morrow), American sprinter (died 2020)

- 1935 – [Willie O'Ree](/source/Willie_O'Ree), Canadian ice hockey player, first black player in the [National Hockey League](/source/National_Hockey_League) (NHL)

- [1936](/source/1936) – [Michel Aumont](/source/Michel_Aumont), French actor (died 2019)

- 1936 – [Robert Baden-Powell, 3rd Baron Baden-Powell](/source/Robert_Baden-Powell%2C_3rd_Baron_Baden-Powell), South African-English businessman (died 2019)

- [1937](/source/1937) – [Linda Lavin](/source/Linda_Lavin), American actress and singer[27] (died 2024)[28]

- [1938](/source/1938) – [Marv Johnson](/source/Marv_Johnson), American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 1993)

- 1938 – [Fela Kuti](/source/Fela_Kuti), Nigerian musician and activist (died 1997)[29]

- 1938 – [Brice Marden](/source/Brice_Marden), American painter (died 2023)

- 1938 – [Robert Ward](/source/Robert_Ward_(blues_musician)), American guitarist and songwriter (died 2008)

- [1940](/source/1940) – [Tommy Bishop](/source/Tommy_Bishop), English rugby league player and coach

- 1940 – [Peter C. Doherty](/source/Peter_C._Doherty), Australian surgeon and immunologist, [Nobel Prize](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine) laureate

- [1941](/source/1941) – [Roy Masters](/source/Roy_Masters_(rugby_league)), Australian rugby league coach, journalist, and author

- [1942](/source/1942) – [Hilo Chen](/source/Hilo_Chen), Taiwanese-American painter

- 1942 – [Harold W. Gehman, Jr.](/source/Harold_W._Gehman%2C_Jr.), American admiral

- 1942 – [Don Stevenson](/source/Don_Stevenson), American singer-songwriter and drummer[30]

- [1943](/source/1943) – [Stanley Fischer](/source/Stanley_Fischer), American and Israeli economist (died 2025)[31]

- 1943 – [Penny Marshall](/source/Penny_Marshall), American actress, director, and producer (died 2018)[23]

- [1944](/source/1944) – [Sali Berisha](/source/Sali_Berisha), Albanian cardiologist and politician, 2nd [President of Albania](/source/President_of_Albania)

- 1944 – [A. Chandranehru](/source/A._Chandranehru), Sri Lankan Tamil merchant seaman and politician (died 2005)

- 1944 – [Haim Saban](/source/Haim_Saban), Israeli-American businessman, co-founded [Saban Entertainment](/source/Saban_Entertainment)

- 1944 – [David Trimble](/source/David_Trimble), Northern Irish lawyer and politician, 3rd [First Minister of Northern Ireland](/source/First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland), [Nobel Prize](/source/Nobel_Peace_Prize) laureate (died 2022)[23]

- [1945](/source/1945) – [Steve Camacho](/source/Steve_Camacho), Guyanese cricketer (died 2015)

- 1945 – [Antonio Cañizares Llovera](/source/Antonio_Ca%C3%B1izares_Llovera), Spanish cardinal

- 1945 – [Neophyte of Bulgaria](/source/Neophyte_of_Bulgaria), Bulgarian patriarch (died 2024)

- 1945 – [Jim Palmer](/source/Jim_Palmer), American baseball player and sportscaster[23]

- [1946](/source/1946) – [Victor Banerjee](/source/Victor_Banerjee), Indian actor and director[27]

- 1946 – [Richard Carpenter](/source/Richard_Carpenter_(musician)), American singer-songwriter and pianist[27]

- 1946 – [Palle Danielsson](/source/Palle_Danielsson), Swedish bassist and composer

- 1946 – [Stewart Stevenson](/source/Stewart_Stevenson), Scottish engineer and politician, [Minister for Environment and Climate Change](/source/Minister_for_Environment_and_Climate_Change)

- [1947](/source/1947) – [Hümeyra](/source/H%C3%BCmeyra), Turkish singer-songwriter and actress

- 1947 – [Jaroslav Erno Šedivý](/source/Jaroslav_Erno_%C5%A0ediv%C3%BD), Czech drummer

- [1948](/source/1948) – [Renato Corona](/source/Renato_Corona), Filipino lawyer and jurist, 23rd [Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines](/source/Chief_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines) (died 2016)

- 1948 – [Chris de Burgh](/source/Chris_de_Burgh), British-Irish singer-songwriter and pianist

- [1949](/source/1949) – [Laurie McBain](/source/Laurie_McBain), American author

- 1949 – [Prannoy Roy](/source/Prannoy_Roy), Indian journalist, economist, and broadcaster, founded [NDTV](/source/NDTV)

- [1950](/source/1950) – [Candida Royalle](/source/Candida_Royalle), American porn actress, director, and producer (died 2015)

- [1951](/source/1951) – [Peter Richardson](/source/Peter_Richardson_(English_director)), English actor, director, and screenwriter

- 1951 – [Roscoe Tanner](/source/Roscoe_Tanner), American tennis player

- 1951 – [Rafael Vaganian](/source/Rafael_Vaganian), Armenian chess player

- [1953](/source/1953) – [Betsy Clifford](/source/Betsy_Clifford), Canadian skier[32]

- 1953 – [Tito Jackson](/source/Tito_Jackson), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2024)[33]

- 1953 – [Larry Miller](/source/Larry_Miller_(comedian)), American actor and comedian

- 1953 – [Peter Phillips](/source/Peter_Phillips_(conductor)), English conductor and musicologist

- [1954](/source/1954) – [Peter Bakowski](/source/Peter_Bakowski), Australian poet and educator

- 1954 – [Steve Bracks](/source/Steve_Bracks), Australian politician, 44th [Premier of Victoria](/source/Premier_of_Victoria)

- 1954 – [Jere Burns](/source/Jere_Burns), American actor[27]

- 1954 – [Julia Yeomans](/source/Julia_Yeomans), English physicist and academic

- [1955](/source/1955) – [Kulbir Bhaura](/source/Kulbir_Bhaura), Indian field hockey player

- 1955 – [Emma Chichester Clark](/source/Emma_Chichester_Clark), English author and illustrator

- 1955 – [Tanya Roberts](/source/Tanya_Roberts), American actress (died 2021)[23]

- [1957](/source/1957) – [Michael Caton-Jones](/source/Michael_Caton-Jones), Scottish actor, director, and producer

- 1957 – [Mira Nair](/source/Mira_Nair), Indian-American actress, director, and producer

- 1957 – [Stacy Peralta](/source/Stacy_Peralta), American skateboarder, director, producer, and businessman, co-founded [Powell Peralta](/source/Powell_Peralta)

- [1958](/source/1958) – [Stephen Clarke](/source/Stephen_Clarke_(writer)), English-French journalist and author

- [1959](/source/1959) – [Emeril Lagasse](/source/Emeril_Lagasse), American chef and author[27]

- 1959 – [Alex Paterson](/source/Alex_Paterson), English keyboard player

- 1959 – [Sarah Ferguson](/source/Sarah_Ferguson)[23]

- 1959 – [Todd Solondz](/source/Todd_Solondz), American actor, director, and screenwriter

- [1961](/source/1961) – [Vyacheslav Butusov](/source/Vyacheslav_Butusov), Russian singer-songwriter and guitarist

- [1963](/source/1963) – [Stanley Menzo](/source/Stanley_Menzo), Dutch footballer and manager

- [1964](/source/1964) – [Roberto Vittori](/source/Roberto_Vittori), Italian colonel, pilot, and astronaut

- [1965](/source/1965) – [Nasser El Sonbaty](/source/Nasser_El_Sonbaty), German bodybuilder and trainer (died 2013)

- [1966](/source/1966) – [Eric Benét](/source/Eric_Ben%C3%A9t), American singer-songwriter[27]

- 1966 – [Jorge Campos](/source/Jorge_Campos), Mexican footballer and manager

- 1966 – [Bill Charlap](/source/Bill_Charlap), American pianist and composer

- 1966 – [Ilse Huizinga](/source/Ilse_Huizinga), Dutch singer

- 1966 – [Dave Stead](/source/Dave_Stead), English drummer

- [1967](/source/1967) – [Dan Forest](/source/Dan_Forest), American politician, 34th [Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina](/source/Lieutenant_Governor_of_North_Carolina)

- 1967 – [Götz Otto](/source/G%C3%B6tz_Otto), German actor and screenwriter

- [1968](/source/1968) – [Didier Deschamps](/source/Didier_Deschamps), French footballer and manager

- 1968 – [Vanessa Marcil](/source/Vanessa_Marcil), American actress[27]

- 1968 – [Rod Wishart](/source/Rod_Wishart), Australian rugby league player

- 1968 – [Trent Zimmerman](/source/Trent_Zimmerman), Australian politician

- [1969](/source/1969) – [Vítor Baía](/source/V%C3%ADtor_Ba%C3%ADa), Portuguese footballer

- 1969 – [Dominic West](/source/Dominic_West), English actor and director[27]

- [1970](/source/1970) – [Ginuwine](/source/Ginuwine), American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actor[27]

- 1970 – [Pernilla Wiberg](/source/Pernilla_Wiberg), Swedish skier

- [1971](/source/1971) – [Andy Cole](/source/Andy_Cole), English footballer and coach

- 1971 – [Lauri Pilter](/source/Lauri_Pilter), Estonian author and translator

- [1972](/source/1972) – [Fred Hoiberg](/source/Fred_Hoiberg), American basketball player and coach

- 1972 – [Michél Mazingu-Dinzey](/source/Mich%C3%A9l_Mazingu-Dinzey), German-Congolese footballer and manager

- [1973](/source/1973) – [Aleksandr Filimonov](/source/Aleksandr_Filimonov), Russian footballer

- [1974](/source/1974) – [Bianca Rinaldi](/source/Bianca_Rinaldi), Brazilian actress

- [1976](/source/1976) – [Elisa Aguilar](/source/Elisa_Aguilar), Spanish basketball player[34]

- [1975](/source/1975) – [Chukwudi Iwuji](/source/Chukwudi_Iwuji), Nigerian-British actor[35]

- [1977](/source/1977) – [Masato Kawabata](/source/Masato_Kawabata), Japanese racing driver

- 1977 – [David Trezeguet](/source/David_Trezeguet), French footballer[36]

- 1977 – [Patricio Urrutia](/source/Patricio_Urrutia), Ecuadorian footballer

- [1978](/source/1978) – [Wes Moore](/source/Wes_Moore), American politician, author, nonprofit executive, and television producer, 63rd [Governor of Maryland](/source/Governor_of_Maryland)[37]

- 1978 – [Takeshi Morishima](/source/Takeshi_Morishima), Japanese wrestler

- [1979](/source/1979) – [Bohemia](/source/Bohemia_(rapper)), Pakistani-American rapper and producer

- 1979 – [Paul Robinson](/source/Paul_Robinson_(footballer%2C_born_1979)), English footballer

- 1979 – [Jaci Velasquez](/source/Jaci_Velasquez), American singer-songwriter and actress[27]

- 1979 – [Māris Verpakovskis](/source/M%C4%81ris_Verpakovskis), Latvian footballer

- [1980](/source/1980) – [Tom Boonen](/source/Tom_Boonen), Belgian cyclist

- [1981](/source/1981) – [Keyshia Cole](/source/Keyshia_Cole), American singer-songwriter and producer[27]

- 1981 – [Elena Dementieva](/source/Elena_Dementieva), Russian tennis player

- [1983](/source/1983) – [Stephy Tang](/source/Stephy_Tang), Hong Kong singer

- 1983 – [Bruno Senna](/source/Bruno_Senna), Brazilian ex-F1 Driver[38]

- [1984](/source/1984) – [Izale McLeod](/source/Izale_McLeod), English footballer

- 1984 – [Jessie Ware](/source/Jessie_Ware), English singer-songwriter[39]

- [1985](/source/1985) – [Arron Afflalo](/source/Arron_Afflalo), American basketball player

- [1986](/source/1986) – [Lee Donghae](/source/Lee_Donghae), South Korean singer-songwriter

- 1986 – [Carlo Janka](/source/Carlo_Janka), Swiss skier[40]

- 1986 – [Nolito](/source/Nolito), Spanish footballer[41]

- [1987](/source/1987) – [Ott Tänak](/source/Ott_T%C3%A4nak), Estonian racing driver

- [1988](/source/1988) – [Dominique Jones](/source/Dominique_Jones), American basketball player[42]

- 1988 – [Mesut Özil](/source/Mesut_%C3%96zil), German footballer

- [1989](/source/1989) – [Blaine Gabbert](/source/Blaine_Gabbert), American football player[43]

- 1989 – [Anthony Joshua](/source/Anthony_Joshua), British professional boxer

- [1990](/source/1990) – [Jeon Ji-yoon](/source/Jeon_Ji-yoon), South Korean singer-songwriter and dancer

- [1991](/source/1991) – [Brock Nelson](/source/Brock_Nelson), American ice hockey player[44]

- [1992](/source/1992) – [Ncuti Gatwa](/source/Ncuti_Gatwa), Rwandan-Scottish actor[23]

- 1992 – [Teoscar Hernández](/source/Teoscar_Hern%C3%A1ndez), Dominican baseball player[45]

- 1992 – [Vincent Martella](/source/Vincent_Martella), American actor[27]

- [1993](/source/1993) – [Richaun Holmes](/source/Richaun_Holmes), American basketball player[46]

- 1993 – [Roh Tae-hyun](/source/Roh_Tae-hyun), South Korean singer and dancer[47]

- [1994](/source/1994) – [Lil' Kleine](/source/Lil'_Kleine), Dutch rapper[48]

- 1994 – [Babar Azam](/source/Babar_Azam), Pakistani cricket player[49]

- [1995](/source/1995) – [Jack Flaherty](/source/Jack_Flaherty), American baseball player[50]

- 1995 – [Jakob Pöltl](/source/Jakob_P%C3%B6ltl), Austrian basketball player[51]

- [1996](/source/1996) – [Charly Musonda](/source/Charly_Musonda_(footballer%2C_born_1996)), Belgian footballer

- 1996 – [Grace Van Dien](/source/Grace_Van_Dien), American actress[52]

- 1996 – [Zelo](/source/Zelo), South Korean rapper and dancer

- [1998](/source/1998) – [Teuku Wariza Aris Munandar](/source/Teuku_Wariza_Aris_Munandar), Indonesian activist and politician[53]

- [1999](/source/1999) – [Bailee Madison](/source/Bailee_Madison), American-Canadian actress and singer[27]

- 1999 – [Ben Woodburn](/source/Ben_Woodburn), Welsh footballer[54]

- 2000 – [Melki Sedek Huang](/source/Melki_Sedek_Huang), Indonesian activist and [sex offender](/source/Sex_offender)[55]

- [2005](/source/2005) – [Christian, Crown Prince of Denmark](/source/Christian%2C_Crown_Prince_of_Denmark)[56]

## Deaths

### Pre-1600

- [55 BC](/source/55_BC) – [Lucretius](/source/Lucretius), Roman poet and philosopher (born 98 BC)[57]

- [412](/source/412) – [Theophilus](/source/Theophilus_I_of_Alexandria), [Patriarch of Alexandria](/source/Patriarch_of_Alexandria)

- [892](/source/892) – [Al-Mu'tamid](/source/Al-Mu'tamid), [Abbasid](/source/Abbasid_Caliphate) [caliph](/source/Caliphate)

- [898](/source/898) – [Lambert of Italy](/source/Lambert_of_Italy) (born 880)

- [912](/source/912) – [Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi](/source/Abdullah_ibn_Muhammad_al-Umawi), Spanish emir (born 844)

- [925](/source/925) – [Rhazes](/source/Rhazes), Persian polymath (born 864)

- [961](/source/961) – [Abd-al-Rahman III](/source/Abd-ar-Rahman_III), caliph of Córdoba

- [1002](/source/1002) – [Otto-Henry](/source/Henry_I%2C_Duke_of_Burgundy), [Duke of Burgundy](/source/Duke_of_Burgundy) (born 946)

- [1080](/source/1080) – [Rudolf of Rheinfelden](/source/Rudolf_of_Rheinfelden) (born 1025)

- [1173](/source/1173) – [Petronilla of Aragon](/source/Petronilla_of_Aragon) (born 1135)

- [1240](/source/1240) – [Razia Sultana](/source/Razia_Sultana), sultan of [Delhi](/source/Delhi) (born 1205)[58]

- [1243](/source/1243) – [Hedwig of Silesia](/source/Hedwig_of_Silesia), Polish saint (born 1174)[59]

- [1326](/source/1326) – [Walter Stapledon](/source/Walter_Stapledon), bishop and [Lord High Treasurer](/source/Lord_High_Treasurer) of England, and his brother Sir [Richard Stapledon](/source/Richard_Stapledon), judge and politician.

- [1385](/source/1385) – [Dionysius I, Metropolitan of Moscow](/source/Dionysius_I%2C_Metropolitan_of_Moscow)

- [1389](/source/1389) – [Pope Urban VI](/source/Pope_Urban_VI) (born 1318)

- [1404](/source/1404) – [Marie Valois](/source/Marie_of_Valois_(1344-1404)), French princess (born 1344)[60]

- [1496](/source/1496) – [Gilbert, Count of Montpensier](/source/Gilbert%2C_Count_of_Montpensier) (born 1443)

- [1564](/source/1564) – [Andreas Vesalius](/source/Andreas_Vesalius), Belgian-Greek anatomist, physician, and author (born 1514)

### 1601–1900

- [1674](/source/1674) – [Robert Herrick](/source/Robert_Herrick_(poet)), English poet (born 1591)[61]

- [1684](/source/1684) – [Géraud de Cordemoy](/source/G%C3%A9raud_de_Cordemoy), French historian, philosopher and lawyer (born 1626)

- [1690](/source/1690) – [Juan de Valdés Leal](/source/Juan_de_Vald%C3%A9s_Leal), Spanish painter and illustrator (born 1622)

- [1715](/source/1715) – [Humphry Ditton](/source/Humphry_Ditton), English mathematician and philosopher (born 1675)

- [1788](/source/1788) – [Samuel Greig](/source/Samuel_Greig), Scottish-Russian admiral (born 1735)

- [1810](/source/1810) – [Alfred Moore](/source/Alfred_Moore), American captain and judge (born 1755)

- [1811](/source/1811) – [Nathaniel Dance-Holland](/source/Nathaniel_Dance-Holland), English painter and politician (born 1735)

- [1817](/source/1817) – [Tadeusz Kościuszko](/source/Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko), Polish-Lithuanian general and engineer (born 1746)

- [1819](/source/1819) – [Sergey Vyazmitinov](/source/Sergey_Vyazmitinov), Russian general and politician, [War Governor of Saint Petersburg](/source/Saint_Petersburg_Governorate) (born 1744)

- [1820](/source/1820) – [Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg](/source/Karl_Philipp%2C_Prince_of_Schwarzenberg) (born 1771)

- [1837](/source/1837) – [Ivan Dmitriev](/source/Ivan_Dmitriev), Russian poet and politician, [Russian Minister of Justice](/source/List_of_Ministers_of_Justice_of_Imperial_Russia) (born 1760)

- [1838](/source/1838) – [Letitia Elizabeth Landon](/source/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon), English poet and novelist (born 1802)[62]

- [1891](/source/1891) – [Gilbert Arthur à Beckett](/source/Gilbert_Arthur_%C3%A0_Beckett), English author and songwriter (born 1837)

- [1900](/source/1900) – [Zdeněk Fibich](/source/Zden%C4%9Bk_Fibich), Czech pianist and composer (born 1850)

### 1901–present

- [1910](/source/1910) – [Stanley Ketchel](/source/Stanley_Ketchel), American boxer (born 1886)[63]

- [1917](/source/1917) – [Mata Hari](/source/Mata_Hari), Dutch dancer and spy (born 1876)

- [1918](/source/1918) – [Sai Baba of Shirdi](/source/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi), Indian guru and saint (born 1838)

- [1925](/source/1925) – [Dolores Jiménez y Muro](/source/Dolores_Jim%C3%A9nez_y_Muro), Mexican revolutionary (born 1848?)[64]

- [1930](/source/1930) – [Herbert Henry Dow](/source/Herbert_Henry_Dow), Canadian-American businessman, founded the [Dow Chemical Company](/source/Dow_Chemical_Company) (born 1866)

- [1934](/source/1934) – [Raymond Poincaré](/source/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9), French lawyer and politician, 10th [President of France](/source/President_of_France) (born 1860)

- [1940](/source/1940) – [Lluís Companys](/source/Llu%C3%ADs_Companys), Catalan lawyer and politician, [President of Catalonia](/source/President_of_Catalonia) (born 1882)

- [1945](/source/1945) – [Pierre Laval](/source/Pierre_Laval), French lawyer and politician, 101st [Prime Minister of France](/source/Prime_Minister_of_France), convicted [Vichy](/source/Vichy_France) collaborator (born 1883)[65]

- [1946](/source/1946) – [Hermann Göring](/source/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring), German general and Nazi politician, convicted [Nuremburg](/source/Nuremberg_trials) war criminal (born 1893)[66]

- [1948](/source/1948) – [Edythe Chapman](/source/Edythe_Chapman), American actress (born 1863)

- [1955](/source/1955) – [Fumio Hayasaka](/source/Fumio_Hayasaka), Japanese composer (born 1914)[67]

- [1958](/source/1958) – [Asaf Halet Çelebi](/source/Asaf_Halet_%C3%87elebi), Turkish poet and author (born 1907)

- 1958 – [Elizabeth Alexander](/source/Elizabeth_Alexander_(scientist)), British geologist, academic, and physicist (born 1908)

- [1959](/source/1959) – [Stepan Bandera](/source/Stepan_Bandera), Ukrainian soldier and politician (born 1909)

- 1959 – [Lipót Fejér](/source/Lip%C3%B3t_Fej%C3%A9r), Hungarian mathematician and academic (born 1880)

- [1960](/source/1960) – [Clara Kimball Young](/source/Clara_Kimball_Young), American actress and producer (born 1890)

- [1961](/source/1961) – [Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'](/source/Suryakant_Tripathi_'Nirala'), Indian poet and author (born 1896)

- [1963](/source/1963) – [Horton Smith](/source/Horton_Smith), American golfer and captain (born 1908)

- [1964](/source/1964) – [Cole Porter](/source/Cole_Porter), American composer and songwriter (born 1891)

- [1965](/source/1965) – [Abraham Fraenkel](/source/Abraham_Fraenkel), German-Israeli mathematician and academic (born 1891)

- [1966](/source/1966) – [Frederick Montague, 1st Baron Amwell](/source/Frederick_Montague%2C_1st_Baron_Amwell), English lieutenant and politician (born 1876)

- [1968](/source/1968) – [Virginia Lee Burton](/source/Virginia_Lee_Burton), American author and illustrator (born 1909)

- [1976](/source/1976) – [Carlo Gambino](/source/Carlo_Gambino), Italian-American mob boss (born 1902)

- [1978](/source/1978) – [W. Eugene Smith](/source/W._Eugene_Smith), American photojournalist (born 1918)

- 1978 – [Rolf Stenersen](/source/Rolf_Stenersen), Norwegian businessman (born 1899)[68]

- [1980](/source/1980) – [Mikhail Lavrentyev](/source/Mikhail_Lavrentyev), Russian physicist and mathematician (born 1900)

- 1980 – [Apostolos Nikolaidis](/source/Apostolos_Nikolaidis_(athlete)), Greek footballer and volleyball player (born 1896)

- [1983](/source/1983) – [Pat O'Brien](/source/Pat_O'Brien_(actor)), American actor (born 1899)

- [1987](/source/1987) – [Thomas Sankara](/source/Thomas_Sankara), Burkinabe captain and politician, 5th [President of Burkina Faso](/source/President_of_Burkina_Faso) (born 1949)

- 1987 – [Donald Wandrei](/source/Donald_Wandrei), American author and poet (born 1908)

- [1988](/source/1988) – [Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji](/source/Kaikhosru_Shapurji_Sorabji), English composer, music critic, pianist and writer (born 1892)

- [1989](/source/1989) – [Danilo Kiš](/source/Danilo_Ki%C5%A1), Serbian novelist, short story writer, essayist and translator. (born 1935)[69]

- [1990](/source/1990) – [Delphine Seyrig](/source/Delphine_Seyrig), French actress and director (born 1932)

- [1993](/source/1993) – [Aydın Sayılı](/source/Ayd%C4%B1n_Say%C4%B1l%C4%B1), Turkish historian and academic (born 1913)

- [1994](/source/1994) – [Sarah Kofman](/source/Sarah_Kofman), French philosopher and academic (born 1934)

- [1995](/source/1995) – [Bengt Åkerblom](/source/Bengt_%C3%85kerblom), Swedish ice hockey player (born 1967)

- 1995 – [Marco Campos](/source/Marco_Campos), Brazilian racing driver, only driver ever killed in the International Formula 3000 series (born 1976)[70]

- [1999](/source/1999) – [Josef Locke](/source/Josef_Locke), British-Irish soldier, policeman, tenor and actor (born 1917)

- [2000](/source/2000) – [Konrad Emil Bloch](/source/Konrad_Emil_Bloch), Polish-American biochemist and academic, [Nobel Prize](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine) laureate (born 1912)[71]

- 2000 – [Vincent Canby](/source/Vincent_Canby), American journalist and critic (born 1924)

- [2001](/source/2001) – [Zhang Xueliang](/source/Zhang_Xueliang), Chinese general and warlord (born 1901)[72]

- [2003](/source/2003) – [Ben Metcalfe](/source/Ben_Metcalfe), Canadian journalist and activist (born 1919)

- [2004](/source/2004) – [Per Højholt](/source/Per_H%C3%B8jholt), Danish poet (born 1928)[73]

- [2005](/source/2005) – [Jason Collier](/source/Jason_Collier), American basketball player (born 1977)

- 2005 – [Matti Wuori](/source/Matti_Wuori), Finnish lawyer and politician (born 1945)

- [2007](/source/2007) – [Piet Boukema](/source/Piet_Boukema), Dutch jurist and politician (born 1933)

- [2008](/source/2008) – [Edie Adams](/source/Edie_Adams), American actress and singer (born 1927)

- 2008 – [Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca](/source/Faz%C4%B1l_H%C3%BCsn%C3%BC_Da%C4%9Flarca), Turkish soldier and poet (born 1914)

- 2008 – [Jack Narz](/source/Jack_Narz), American game show host and announcer (born 1922)

- [2009](/source/2009) – [Heinz Versteeg](/source/Heinz_Versteeg), Dutch-German footballer (born 1939)

- [2010](/source/2010) – [Richard C. Miller](/source/Richard_C._Miller), American photographer (born 1912)

- 2010 – [Mildred Fay Jefferson](/source/Mildred_Fay_Jefferson), American physician and activist (born 1926)

- 2010 – [Johnny Sheffield](/source/Johnny_Sheffield), American actor (born 1931)

- [2011](/source/2011) – [Betty Driver](/source/Betty_Driver), English actress, singer, and author (born 1920)[74]

- [2012](/source/2012) – [Claude Cheysson](/source/Claude_Cheysson), French lieutenant and politician, [French Minister of Foreign Affairs](/source/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(France)) (born 1920)

- 2012 – [Erol Günaydın](/source/Erol_G%C3%BCnayd%C4%B1n), Turkish actor and screenwriter (born 1933)

- 2012 – [Maria Petrou](/source/Maria_Petrou), Greek-English computer scientist and academic (born 1953)

- 2012 – [Norodom Sihanouk](/source/Norodom_Sihanouk), Cambodian politician, 1st [Prime Minister of Cambodia](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia) (born 1922)

- [2013](/source/2013) – [Donald Bailey](/source/Donald_Bailey_(musician)), American drummer (born 1933)

- [2014](/source/2014) – [Giovanni Reale](/source/Giovanni_Reale), Italian philosopher and historian (born 1931)

- [2017](/source/2017) – [Chinggoy Alonzo](/source/Chinggoy_Alonzo), Filipino theater, movie & television actor (born 1950)

- [2018](/source/2018) – [Paul Allen](/source/Paul_Allen), co-founder of [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft), philanthropist, owner of the [Seattle Seahawks](/source/Seattle_Seahawks) (born 1953)[75]

- [2021](/source/2021) – [David Amess](/source/David_Amess), British politician, member of Parliament for [Southend West](/source/Southend_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)) (born 1952)[76]

- [2024](/source/2024) – [Mike Jackson](/source/Mike_Jackson_(British_Army_officer)), English general (born 1944)[77]

- [2025](/source/2025) – [Jim Bolger](/source/Jim_Bolger), New Zealand businessman and politician, 35th [Prime Minister of New Zealand](/source/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand) (born 1935)[78]

## Holidays and observances

- [Breast Health Day](/source/Breast_Health_Day) (Europe)

- Christian [feast day](/source/Feast_day): - [Bruno of Querfurt](/source/Bruno_of_Querfurt) - [Cúan](/source/C%C3%BAan) of Ahascragh - [Teresa of Ávila](/source/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila) - [Thecla of Kitzingen](/source/Thecla_of_Kitzingen) - [October 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)](/source/October_15_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics))

- [National Latino AIDS Awareness Day](/source/National_Latino_AIDS_Awareness_Day) (United States)

- [Shwmae Su'mae Day](/source/Shwmae_Sumae_Day) ([Wales](/source/Wales))[79]

- [White Cane Safety Day](/source/White_Cane_Safety_Day)[80]

- [World Students' Day](/source/World_Students'_Day)[81]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Ashley, Michael (1998). [*British Monarchs: The Complete Genealogy, Gazetteer, and Biographical Encyclopedia of the Kings & Queens of Britain*](https://books.google.com/books?id=tz6gAAAAMAAJ). Robinson. p. 497. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781854875044](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781854875044).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Αλέξης Γ. Κ Σ[alpha][beta][beta]ίδης (1992). [*Μελετήματα βυζαντινής προσωπογραφίας και τοπικής ιστορίας: ανατύπωση άρθρων 1981–1991*](https://books.google.com/books?id=sthAAAAAMAAJ). Hērodotos. p. 102. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-960-7290-37-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-960-7290-37-3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Frederic Wakeman Jr. (1986). *Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of the Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China*. University of California Press. p. 771. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-520-04804-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-04804-0).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Battle of Raft Swamp | American Revolution Tour of N.C."](https://amrevnc.com/battle-raft-swamp/) 23 June 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [*Army Logistician*](https://books.google.com/books?id=FSI6AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA8-PA25). U.S. Army Logistics Management Center. 1973. p. 25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [*The French Revolution: Voices from a Momentous Epoch, 1789–1795*](https://books.google.com/books?id=2tNnAAAAMAAJ). Simon & Schuster. 1988. p. 199. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-671-69925-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-69925-3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** David Nicholls (1999). [*Napoleon: A Biographical Companion*](https://books.google.com/books?id=PmCdv91zPS0C&pg=PA227). ABC-CLIO. p. 227. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-87436-957-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87436-957-1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Randolph L. Braham (1963). [*The Destruction of Hungarian Jewry: A Documentary Account*](https://books.google.com/books?id=__tmAAAAMAAJ). Pro Arte for the World Federation of Hungarian Jews. p. lxix.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Carey, Adam (October 16, 2010). ["Forty years on, the West Gate Bridge collapse still looms large"](https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/forty-years-on-the-west-gate-bridge-collapse-still-looms-large-20101015-16nl0.html). The Age. Retrieved October 16, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-beverley_10-0)** Beverley, John (1982). "El Salvador". *Social Text* (5). Duke University Press: 55–72. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/466334](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F466334). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [466334](https://www.jstor.org/stable/466334).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Ranter, Harro. ["ASN Aircraft accident ATR 42-312 I-ATRH Conca di Crezzo"](https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19871015-0). *aviation-safety.net*. [Aviation Safety Network](/source/Aviation_Safety_Network). Retrieved 2021-10-14.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Wilkins, Michael (1989). "The Death of Thomas Sankara and the Rectification of the People's Revolution in Burkina Faso". *[African Affairs](/source/African_Affairs)*. **88** (352). Oxford University Press: 375–388. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098188](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.afraf.a098188). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [722692](https://www.jstor.org/stable/722692).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** *Mitä Missä Milloin, Kansalaisen vuosikirja 1993*, p. 21. Helsinki: [Otava](/source/Otava_(publisher)), 1992. ISBN 951-1-12269-X. (in Finnish)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** [*Military Medical Ethics: Sect. IV. Medical ethics in the military. Medical ethics on the battlefield: the crucible of military medical ethics*](https://books.google.com/books?id=dUpsAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA809). Office of the Surgeon General, United States Army. 2003. p. 809. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-16-050502-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-050502-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["Search continues for missing northwestern Wisconsin girl Jayme Closs"](https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/10/20/search-continues-for-missing-northwestern-wisconsin-girl-jayme-closs). *MPR News*. October 20, 2018. Retrieved May 12, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** George Sarton (1993). [*Hellenistic Science and Culture in the Last Three Centuries B.C.*](https://books.google.com/books?id=RIlP9sfMnbIC&pg=PA478) Courier Corporation. p. 478. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-486-27740-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-27740-0).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** R. G. Thorne. ["POCOCK, George (1765–1840), of Twickenham, Mdx. and Hart, co. Dur"](https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/pocock-george-1765-1840). *History of Parliament Online*. Retrieved 25 December 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["Bernhard Crusell"](https://blf.fi/artikel.php?id=2356). *[Biografiskt lexikon för Finland](/source/Biografiskt_lexikon_f%C3%B6r_Finland)* (in Swedish). Helsingfors: [Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland](/source/Svenska_litteraturs%C3%A4llskapet_i_Finland).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Robert, Adolphe; Cougny, Gaston (1889). [*Dictionnaire des parlementaires français*](https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k83707p) (in French). Vol. 1. Paris. p. 616.{{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["Encyclopedia Titanica"](https://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/titanic-survivor/frederick-fleet.html).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["Top U-boat Aces"](https://uboat.net/men/luth.htm).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** ["Peter Koch papers (1948–1998) – Archives West"](https://web.archive.org/web/20230409094329/https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv67007/pdf). *archiveswest.orbiscascade.org*. Archived from [the original](https://archiveswest.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv67007/pdf) on April 9, 2023. Retrieved May 31, 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-UPI_23-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-UPI_23-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-UPI_23-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-UPI_23-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-UPI_23-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-UPI_23-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-UPI_23-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-UPI_23-7) ["Famous birthdays for Oct. 15: Ncuti Gatwa, Sarah Ferguson"](https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2022/10/15/Famous-birthdays-for-Oct-15-Ncuti-Gatwa-Sarah-Ferguson/1381665792095/). [UPI](/source/United_Press_International). 15 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["Edwards, Tommy (1922–1969)"](https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Edwards_Thomas_J_Tommy_1922-1969). *Encyclopediavirginia.org*. Retrieved October 13, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** ["Tennessee Governor Ned Ray McWherter"](https://web.archive.org/web/20141219025022/http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_tennessee/col2-content/main-content-list/title_mcwherter_ned.html). [National Governors Association](/source/National_Governors_Association). Archived from [the original](http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_tennessee/col2-content/main-content-list/title_mcwherter_ned.html) on December 19, 2014. Retrieved October 17, 2024. Born: Oct 15, 1930

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** ["Profile: Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: Former President of India: Speeches"](http://abdulkalam.nic.in/profile.html). *abdulkalam.nic.in*. [National Informatics Centre](/source/National_Informatics_Centre). Retrieved 24 July 2020.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-AP_27-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-AP_27-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-AP_27-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-AP_27-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-AP_27-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-AP_27-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-AP_27-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-AP_27-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-AP_27-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-AP_27-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-AP_27-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-AP_27-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-AP_27-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-AP_27-13) Rose, Mike (15 October 2022). ["Today's famous birthdays list for October 15, 2022 includes celebrities Emeril Lagasse, Bailee Madison"](https://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/2022/10/todays-famous-birthdays-list-for-october-15-2022-includes-celebrities-emeril-lagasse-bailee-madison.html). *[The Plain Dealer](/source/The_Plain_Dealer)*. [Associated Press](/source/Associated_Press). Retrieved 13 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** Andreeva, Nellie (December 29, 2024). ["Linda Lavin Dies: 'Alice' Star & Tony-Winning Broadway Actor Was 87"](https://deadline.com/2024/12/linda-lavin-dead-alice-no-good-deed-tony-winner-1236243483/). *[Deadline](/source/Deadline_Hollywood)*. Retrieved December 31, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** [*Nordic Journal of African Studies*](https://books.google.com/books?id=vPYMAQAAMAAJ). Nordic Association of African Studies. 1999. p. 95.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** Brock Helander (2001). [*The Rockin' 60s: The People Who Made the Music*](https://books.google.com/books?id=4mbHDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT476). Schirmer Trade Books. p. 476. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-85712-811-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85712-811-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** Hagerty, James R. (June 1, 2025). ["Stanley Fischer, Who Helped Defuse Financial Crises, Dies at 81"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/01/business/stanley-fischer-dead.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved June 5, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** ["Betsy Clifford"](https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/betsy-clifford). *www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca*. Retrieved 16 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** ["Tito Jackson, Jackson 5 member and brother to Michael, dies aged 70"](https://www.theguardian.com/music/2024/sep/16/tito-jackson-jackson-5-member-and-brother-to-michael-dies-aged-70). *The Guardian*. 16 September 2024. Retrieved 16 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** ["Elisa Aguilar"](https://www.wnba.com/player/100601/elisa-aguilar). [WNBA](/source/WNBA). Retrieved 13 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** ["Chukwudi Iwuji"](https://www.tvinsider.com/people/chukwudi-iwuji/). *[TV Insider](/source/TV_Guide_(magazine)#TV_Insider)*. Retrieved 18 November 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** ["David Trezeguet"](https://www.tntsports.co.uk/football/david-trezeguet_prs236/person.shtml). *www.tntsports.co.uk*. Retrieved 16 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-37)** ["Wes Moore, Maryland Governor"](https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/08conoff/gov/html/msa18374.html). *Maryland Manual On-Line*. [Maryland State Archives](/source/Maryland_State_Archives). Retrieved October 12, 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** ["Bruno Senna"](https://www.f1-fansite.com/f1-drivers/bruno-senna/). *f1-fansite*. 17 June 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** ["Jessie Ware"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/topics/c63dlvyz8knt). *BBC*. Retrieved 20 September 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** ["Carlo JANKA"](https://www.fis-ski.com/DB/general/athlete-biography.html?sectorcode=AL&competitorid=70282). *FIS-ski.com*. [International Ski and Snowboard Federation](/source/International_Ski_and_Snowboard_Federation).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** ["Nolito"](https://www.soccerway.com/player/nolito/lvhwvWN7/). *[Soccerway](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soccerway&action=edit&redlink=1)*. Retrieved 16 October 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** ["Dominique Jones"](https://www.nba.com/stats/player/202346/career). [National Basketball Association](/source/National_Basketball_Association). Retrieved 13 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-43)** ["Blaine Gabbert"](https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/13987/blaine-gabbert). [ESPN](/source/ESPN). Retrieved 13 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-44)** ["Brock Nelson"](https://www.nhl.com/islanders/player/brock-nelson-8475754). [National Hockey League](/source/National_Hockey_League). Retrieved 13 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-45)** ["Teoscar Hernández #37 - MLB.com"](https://www.mlb.com/player/teoscar-hernandez-606192). *MLB.com*. Retrieved October 14, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-46)** ["Richaun Holmes"](https://www.nba.com/player/1626158/richaun-holmes). [National Basketball Association](/source/National_Basketball_Association). Retrieved 13 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-47)** ["노태현, 생일 전광판 등장…팬들의 뜨거운 응원"](https://m.tf.co.kr/read/starwars/2048786.htm). *더팩트* (in Korean). 15 October 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-48)** Top 40, Stichting Nederlandse. ["Jarig: Lil' Kleine | De highlights van zijn carrière | Top 40"](https://www.top40.nl/jarig-nieuws-jarig-lil-kleine). *Top40.nl* (in Dutch). Retrieved 2024-03-23.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-49)** ["Babar Azam"](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-world-cup/news/pakistan-arrive-in-bengaluru-team-celebrates-babar-azams-birthday/articleshow/104448119.cms). *[The Times of India](/source/The_Times_of_India)*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-50)** ["Jack Flaherty"](https://www.mlb.com/player/jack-flaherty-656427). *[MLB.com](/source/MLB.com)*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-51)** - Career statistics from [NBA.com](https://stats.nba.com/player/1627751/)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-52)** Day, Carol (December 1, 1997). ["Dutch Treat"](https://people.com/archive/dutch-treat-vol-48-no-22/). *People*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220717070545/https://people.com/archive/dutch-treat-vol-48-no-22/) from the original on July 17, 2022. Retrieved July 17, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:1_53-0)** Hasyim, ed. (2012-03-17). "T Wariza Juara Pidato Peringatan Maulid". *[Tribun](/source/Tribun)* (in Indonesian).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-54)** ["Ben Woodburn"](https://www.premierleague.com/en/players/182436/ben-woodburn/overview). *[Premier League](/source/Premier_League)*. Retrieved 16 October 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-55)** Fallahnda, Balqis (20 December 2023). ["Biodata Melki Sedek Ketua BEM UI dan Dugaan Pelecehan Seksual"](https://tirto.id/melki-sedek-huang-biodata-dan-dugaan-kasus-pelecehan-seksual-gTx3). *tirto.id* (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-01-30.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-56)** Hindø, Lone; Boelskifte, Else (2007). *Kongelig Dåb. Fjorten generationer ved Rosenborg-døbefonten* [*Royal Baptisms. Fourteen generations at the Rosenborg baptismal font*] (in Danish). Forlaget Hovedland. p. 127. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-87-7070-014-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7070-014-6).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-57)** Gian Biagio Conte (1999). [*Latin Literature: A History*](https://books.google.com/books?id=NJGp_dkXnuUC&pg=PA155). JHU Press. p. 155. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8018-6253-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-6253-3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-58)** [K. A. Nizami](/source/K._A._Nizami) (1992). "The Early Turkish Sultans of Delhi". In Mohammad Habib; Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (eds.). [*A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206–1526)*](https://books.google.com/books?id=_9cmAQAAMAAJ). Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House. p. 242. [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [31870180](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31870180).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-59)** [Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Hedwig." *The Catholic Encyclopedia*](http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07189a.htm) Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910, accessdate=2007-02-18

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Arras234_60-0)** Jean d'Arras, *Melusine; or, The Noble History of Lusignan*, transl. Donald Maddox, (The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2012), 234.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-61)** Moorman, Frederic William (1910). [*Robert Herrick: A Biographical and Critical Study*](https://archive.org/details/robertherrickbio00mooruoft). London, Edinburgh and New York: Thomas Nelson and Sons.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-62)** ["Letitia Elizabeth Landon | British author"](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Letitia-Elizabeth-Landon). *Encyclopedia Britannica*. Retrieved 17 March 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-63)** ["Stanley Ketchel, "The Michigan Killer""](https://www.wbaboxing.com/boxing-news/stanley-ketchel-the-michigan-killer). *World Boxing Association*. 29 August 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-64)** ["Gobierno del Estado de Aguascalientes"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180119120050/http://www.aguascalientes.gob.mx/Aguascalientes2010/1910/personajes.html). 2018-01-19. Archived from [the original](http://www.aguascalientes.gob.mx/Aguascalientes2010/1910/personajes.html) on 2018-01-19. Retrieved 2018-08-02.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-65)** ["Britannica"](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pierre-Laval).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-66)** ["Britannica"](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hermann-Goring).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-67)** ["Fumio Hayasaka"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160720195301/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba16301b0). *BFI*. Archived from [the original](https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba16301b0) on July 20, 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-68)** Bolstad, Erik, ed. (2023). ["Rolf E. Stenersen"](https://snl.no/Rolf_E._Stenersen). *[Store norske leksikon](/source/Store_norske_leksikon)* (in Norwegian). Oslo: Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved 18 March 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-69)** ["Danilo Kis Dead at 54; Wrote of the Holocaust"](https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/17/obituaries/danilo-kis-dead-at-54-wrote-of-the-holocaust.html). *New York Times*. 17 October 1989. Retrieved 15 October 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-70)** ["Brazilian driver dies after collision"](https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/brazilian-driver-dies-after-collision-1578252.html). *The Independent*. 18 October 1995. Retrieved 27 April 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-71)** ["Konrad Bloch, Nobel winner, dies at 88"](https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2000/10/konrad-bloch-nobel-winner-dies-at-88/). *Harvard Gazette*. 19 October 2000. Retrieved 10 October 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-nytobit_72-0)** Kristof, Nicholas D. (19 October 2001). Baquet, Dean; Louttit, Meghan; Corbett, Philip; Chang, Lian; Drake, Monica; Kahn, Joseph; Kingsbury, Kathleen; Sulzberger, A.G.; Levien, Meredith Kopit; Caputo, Roland A.; Bardeen, William; Dunbar-Johnson, Stephen; Brayton, Diane (eds.). ["Zhang Xueliang, 100, Dies; Warlord and Hero of China"](https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/19/world/zhang-xueliang-100-dies-warlord-and-hero-of-china.html). National news. *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. Vol. CL, no. 210. p. C13. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [1645522](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1645522). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20091024100421/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/19/world/zhang-xueliang-100-dies-warlord-and-hero-of-china.html) from the original on 24 October 2009. Retrieved 25 July 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-73)** Fauth, Søren R. (2016). "Højholt, Per (1928–2004)". *Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism*. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.4324/9781135000356-REM651-1](https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781135000356-REM651-1). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781135000356](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135000356).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-74)** Gavan Reilly (15 October 2011). ["Beloved Corrie actress Betty Driver dies at 91"](http://www.thejournal.ie/beloved-corrie-actress-betty-driver-dies-at-91-254604-Oct2011/). Thejournal.ie. Retrieved 11 December 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-75)** ["Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen dies at 65"](https://www.king5.com/article/news/local/microsoft-co-founder-paul-allen-dies-at-65/281-604572895). 15 October 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-76)** ["Tory MP Sir David Amess, 69, assassinated in Leigh-on-Sea"](https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/breaking-tory-mp-david-amess-25224283). *[Daily Mirror](/source/Daily_Mirror)*. 15 October 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-77)** ["Former army head General Sir Mike Jackson dies"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8djnnel017o). *www.bbc.com*. 15 October 2024. Retrieved 2024-10-18.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-78)** ["Former Prime Minister Jim Bolger dies aged 90"](https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/576040/former-prime-minister-jim-bolger-dies-aged-90). RNZ. 15 October 2025. Retrieved 15 October 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-79)** ["Croeso! Welcome!"](http://www.shwmae.cymru/?lang=en). Retrieved 2021-10-13.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-80)** ["White Canes Assist Visually Impaired"](https://www.brailleinstitute.org/white-cane-day/).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-81)** ["Why is World Students' Day celebrated on October 15?"](https://indianexpress.com/article/education/world-students-day-2024-why-is-october-15-celebrated-as-students-day-apj-abdul-kalam-9619414/). *The Indian Express*. 14 October 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2024.

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [October 15](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/October_15).

- ["On This Day"](https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/15). BBC.

- [*The New York Times*: On This Day](https://archive.nytimes.com/learning.blogs.nytimes.com/on-this-day/october-15)

- ["Historical Events on October 15"](https://www.onthisday.com/events/october/15). OnThisDay.com.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [October 15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_15) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_15?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.