# OLR1

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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

OLR1 Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1YPO, 1YPQ, 1YPU, 1YXJ, 1YXK, 3VLG Identifiers Aliases OLR1, CLEC8A, LOX1, LOXIN, SCARE1, SLOX1, oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 External IDs OMIM: 602601; MGI: 1261434; HomoloGene: 1910; GeneCards: OLR1; OMA:OLR1 - orthologs Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12p13.2 Start 10,158,301 bp[1] End 10,172,138 bp[1] Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 6 (mouse)[2] Band 6|6 F3 Start 129,462,207 bp[2] End 129,484,128 bp[2] RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right lung C1 segment bone marrow cell upper lobe of left lung lower lobe of lung placenta corpus callosum testicle appendix gallbladder Top expressed in gastrula decidua granulocyte right lung lobe embryo tibiofemoral joint primordial ventricle blastocyst uterus bone marrow More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding carbohydrate binding identical protein binding Cellular component integral component of membrane membrane intracellular membrane-bounded organelle receptor complex plasma membrane integral component of plasma membrane nucleoplasm extracellular region membrane raft specific granule membrane tertiary granule membrane Biological process immune system process blood circulation proteolysis cell adhesion inflammatory response leukocyte migration neutrophil degranulation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4973 108078 Ensembl ENSG00000173391 ENSMUSG00000030162 UniProt P78380 Q9EQ09 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001172632 NM_001172633 NM_002543 NM_001301094 NM_001301096 NM_138648 RefSeq (protein) NP_001166103 NP_001166104 NP_002534 NP_001288023 NP_001288025 NP_619589 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 10.16 – 10.17 Mb Chr 6: 129.46 – 129.48 Mb PubMed search [3] [4] Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

**Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1** (Ox-LDL receptor 1) also known as **lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1** (LOX-1) is a [protein](/source/Protein) that in humans is encoded by the *OLR1* [gene](/source/Gene).[5]

LOX-1 is the main receptor for oxidized LDL on [endothelial cells](/source/Endothelium), [macrophages](/source/Macrophage), [smooth muscle cells](/source/Smooth_muscle_tissue),[6] and other cell types.[7] But minimally oxidized LDL is more readily recognized by the [TLR4](/source/TLR4) receptor, and highly oxidized LDL is more readily recognized by the [CD36](/source/CD36) receptor.[8]

## Function

LOX-1 is a receptor protein which belongs to the [C-type lectin superfamily](/source/C-type_lectin). Its gene is regulated through the cyclic AMP signaling pathway. The protein binds, internalizes and degrades [oxidized](/source/Redox) [low-density lipoprotein](/source/Low-density_lipoprotein).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

Normally, LOX-1 expression on endothelial cells is low, but [tumor necrosis factor alpha](/source/Tumor_necrosis_factor_alpha), oxidized LDL, blood vessel [shear stress](/source/Shear_stress), and other atherosclerotic stimuli substantially increase LOX-1 expression.[7][9]

LOX-1 may be involved in the regulation of [Fas](/source/Fas_ligand)-induced [apoptosis](/source/Apoptosis). Oxidized LDL induces endothelial cell apoptosis through LOX-1 binding.[6] Other [ligands](/source/Ligand) for LOX-1 include oxidized [high-density lipoprotein](/source/High-density_lipoprotein), [advanced glycation end-products](/source/Advanced_glycation_end-product), [platelets](/source/Platelet), and apoptotic cells.[6][9] The binding of platelets to LOX-1 causes a release of vasoconstrictive [endothelin](/source/Endothelin), which induces [endothelial dysfunction](/source/Endothelial_dysfunction).[9]

## Clinical significance

Binding of oxidized LDL to LOX-1 activates [NF-κB](/source/NF-%CE%BAB), leading to [monocyte](/source/Monocyte) adhesion to enthothelial cells (a pre-requisite for the macrophage [foam cell](/source/Foam_cell) formation of atherosclerosis).[7] Macrophage affinity for unmodified LDL particles is low, but is greatly increased when the LDL particles are oxidized.[10] LDL oxidation occurs in the sub-endothelial space, rather than in the circulation.[10] But oxidized cholesterol from foods cooked at high temperature can also be a source of [oxysterols](/source/Oxysterol).[8]

OLR1 gene polymorphisms have been associated with [coronary artery disease](/source/Coronary_artery_disease).[11]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2) [GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000173391](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000173391) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2) [GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030162](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000030162) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Human PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=4973). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Mouse PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=108078). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid9763655_5-0)** Li X, Bouzyk MM, Wang X (Nov 1998). "Assignment of the human oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (OLR1) to chromosome 12p13.1→p12.3, and identification of a polymorphic CA-repeat marker in the OLR1 gene". *Cytogenet Cell Genet*. **82** (1–2): 34–6. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1159/000015059](https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000015059). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9763655](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9763655). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [46772688](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46772688).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pmid23935243_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pmid23935243_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-pmid23935243_6-2) Pirillo A, Norata GD, Catapano AL (2013). ["LOX-1, OxLDL, and atherosclerosis"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3723318). *Mediators of Inflammation*. **2013**: 1–12. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1155/2013/152786](https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2013%2F152786). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [3723318](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3723318). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [23935243](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23935243).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pmid23124189_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pmid23124189_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-pmid23124189_7-2) Xu S, Ogura S, Chen J, Little PJ, Moss J, Liu P (2013). ["LOX-1 in atherosclerosis: biological functions and pharmacological modifiers"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4142049). *[Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences](/source/Cellular_and_Molecular_Life_Sciences)*. **70** (16): 2859–2872. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s00018-012-1194-z](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00018-012-1194-z). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [4142049](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4142049). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [23124189](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23124189).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pmid28969682_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pmid28969682_8-1) Zmysłowski A, Szterk A (2017). ["Current knowledge on the mechanism of atherosclerosis and pro-atherosclerotic properties of oxysterols"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5625595). *Lipids in Health and Disease*. **16** (1): 188. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1186/s12944-017-0579-2](https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12944-017-0579-2). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5625595](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5625595). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [28969682](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28969682).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pmid10618423_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pmid10618423_9-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-pmid10618423_9-2) Kakutani M, Masaki T, Sawamura T (2000). ["A platelet-endothelium interaction mediated by lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC26668). *[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America](/source/Proceedings_of_the_National_Academy_of_Sciences_of_the_United_States_of_America)*. **97** (1): 360–364. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2000PNAS...97..360K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000PNAS...97..360K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.biochi.2016.10.010](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biochi.2016.10.010). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [26668](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC26668). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10618423](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10618423).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pmid28936395_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pmid28936395_10-1) Brites F, Martin M, Guillas I, Kontush A (2017). ["Antioxidative activity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL): Mechanistic insights into potential clinical benefit"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5597817). *[BBA Clinical](/source/BBA_Clinical)*. **8**: 66–77. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.bbacli.2017.07.002](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbacli.2017.07.002). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5597817](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5597817). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [28936395](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28936395).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Salehipour P, Rezagholizadeh F, Mahdiannasser M, Kazerani R, Modarressi MH (2021). ["Association of OLR1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis"](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0147956321000169). *Heart Lung*. **50** (2): 334–343. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.01.015](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.hrtlng.2021.01.015). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [33524863](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33524863).

## Further reading

- Sawamura T (2002). ["\[Molecular identification of LOX-1 and analysis of its pathophysiological role\]"](https://doi.org/10.1254%2Ffpj.119.145). *Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi*. **119** (3): 145–54. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1254/fpj.119.145](https://doi.org/10.1254%2Ffpj.119.145). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11915516](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11915516).

- Mehta JL, Li D (2002). ["Identification, regulation and function of a novel lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0735-1097%2802%2901803-X). *J. Am. Coll. Cardiol*. **39** (9): 1429–35. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0735-1097(02)01803-X](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0735-1097%2802%2901803-X). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11985903](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11985903).

- Sawamura T (2002). "[LOX-1: the oxidized LDL receptor expressed in vascular endothelial cells]". *Seikagaku*. **74** (5): 365–76. [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12073608](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12073608).

- Ando K, Fujita T (2005). "Role of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) in the development of hypertensive organ damage". *Clin. Exp. Nephrol*. **8** (3): 178–82. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s10157-004-0288-9](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10157-004-0288-9). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [15480893](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15480893). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [24851728](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24851728).

- Sawamura T, Kume N, Aoyama T, et al. (1997). "An endothelial receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein". *Nature*. **386** (6620): 73–7. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1997Natur.386...73S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997Natur.386...73S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/386073a0](https://doi.org/10.1038%2F386073a0). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9052782](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9052782). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [4321933](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4321933).

- Yoshida H, Kondratenko N, Green S, et al. (1998). ["Identification of the lectin-like receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein in human macrophages and its potential role as a scavenger receptor"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1219654). *Biochem. J*. 334 (Pt 1) (Pt 1): 9–13. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1042/bj3340009](https://doi.org/10.1042%2Fbj3340009). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [1219654](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1219654). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9693095](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9693095).

- Mehta JL, Li DY (1998). "Identification and autoregulation of receptor for OX-LDL in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells". *Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun*. **248** (3): 511–4. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1006/bbrc.1998.9004](https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fbbrc.1998.9004). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9703956](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9703956).

- Yamanaka S, Zhang XY, Miura K, et al. (1999). "The human gene encoding the lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor (OLR1) is a novel member of the natural killer gene complex with a unique expression profile". *Genomics*. **54** (2): 191–9. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1006/geno.1998.5561](https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fgeno.1998.5561). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9828121](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9828121).

- Nagase M, Abe J, Takahashi K, et al. (1999). ["Genomic organization and regulation of expression of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LOX-1) gene"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.273.50.33702). *J. Biol. Chem*. **273** (50): 33702–7. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.273.50.33702](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.273.50.33702). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9837956](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9837956).

- Draude G, Hrboticky N, Lorenz RL (1999). "The expression of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LOX-1) on human vascular smooth muscle cells and monocytes and its down-regulation by lovastatin". *Biochem. Pharmacol*. **57** (4): 383–6. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0006-2952(98)00313-X](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0006-2952%2898%2900313-X). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [9933026](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9933026).

- Aoyama T, Sawamura T, Furutani Y, et al. (1999). ["Structure and chromosomal assignment of the human lectin-like oxidized low-density-lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) gene"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1220142). *Biochem. J*. 339 (Pt 1) (Pt 1): 177–84. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1042/0264-6021:3390177](https://doi.org/10.1042%2F0264-6021%3A3390177). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [1220142](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1220142). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10085242](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10085242).

- Li DY, Zhang YC, Philips MI, et al. (1999). ["Upregulation of endothelial receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LOX-1) in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells by angiotensin II type 1 receptor activation"](https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.res.84.9.1043). *Circ. Res*. **84** (9): 1043–9. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1161/01.res.84.9.1043](https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.res.84.9.1043). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10325241](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10325241).

- Kataoka H, Kume N, Miyamoto S, et al. (1999). ["Expression of lectinlike oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 in human atherosclerotic lesions"](https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.cir.99.24.3110). *Circulation*. **99** (24): 3110–7. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1161/01.cir.99.24.3110](https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.cir.99.24.3110). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10377073](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10377073).

- Li D, Saldeen T, Romeo F, Mehta JL (2000). ["Oxidized LDL upregulates angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells: the potential role of transcription factor NF-kappaB"](https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.cir.102.16.1970). *Circulation*. **102** (16): 1970–6. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1161/01.cir.102.16.1970](https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.cir.102.16.1970). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11034947](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11034947).

- Bull C, Sobanov Y, Röhrdanz B, et al. (2001). "The centromeric part of the human NK gene complex: linkage of LOX-1 and LY49L with the CD94/NKG2 region". *Genes Immun*. **1** (4): 280–7. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/sj.gene.6363678](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.gene.6363678). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11196705](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11196705). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [21961232](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21961232).

- Shi X, Niimi S, Ohtani T, Machida S (2001). "Characterization of residues and sequences of the carbohydrate recognition domain required for cell surface localization and ligand binding of human lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor". *J. Cell Sci*. **114** (Pt 7): 1273–82. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1242/jcs.114.7.1273](https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjcs.114.7.1273). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11256994](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11256994).

- Chen M, Narumiya S, Masaki T, Sawamura T (2001). ["Conserved C-terminal residues within the lectin-like domain of LOX-1 are essential for oxidized low-density-lipoprotein binding"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1221738). *Biochem. J*. **355** (Pt 2): 289–96. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1042/0264-6021:3550289](https://doi.org/10.1042%2F0264-6021%3A3550289). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [1221738](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1221738). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11284714](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11284714).

- Tanimoto A, Murata Y, Nomaguchi M, et al. (2001). ["Histamine increases the expression of LOX-1 via H2 receptor in human monocytic THP-1 cells"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2801%2903073-3). *FEBS Lett*. **508** (3): 345–9. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03073-3](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2801%2903073-3). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11728449](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11728449). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [7257298](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7257298).

- Sobanov Y, Bernreiter A, Derdak S, et al. (2002). "A novel cluster of lectin-like receptor genes expressed in monocytic, dendritic and endothelial cells maps close to the NK receptor genes in the human NK gene complex". *Eur. J. Immunol*. **31** (12): 3493–503. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/1521-4141(200112)31:12<3493::AID-IMMU3493>3.0.CO;2-9](https://doi.org/10.1002%2F1521-4141%28200112%2931%3A12%3C3493%3A%3AAID-IMMU3493%3E3.0.CO%3B2-9). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11745369](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11745369). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [42415487](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42415487).

v t e PDB gallery 1ypo: Human Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor LOX-1 P3 1 21 Space Group 1ypq: Human Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor LOX-1 Dioxane Complex 1ypu: Human Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor LOX-1 C2 Space Group 1yxj: Crystal structure of human lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) at low pH 1yxk: Crystal structure of human lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) disulfide-linked dimer

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [OLR1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLR1) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLR1?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.