# Novibipalium

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***Novibipalium*** is a genus of [land planarians](/source/Land_planarian) of the subfamily [Bipaliinae](/source/Bipaliinae) (hammerhead flatworms).

## Description

Species of *Novibipalium* are very similar to those of the related genus *[Bipalium](/source/Bipalium)*. The main difference occurs in the [copulatory apparatus](/source/Reproductive_system_of_planarians), which in *Novibipalium* lacks a well-developed penis papilla, while in *Bipalium* a penis papilla is present. *Novibipalium* has a set of folds in the copulatory apparatus that are everted during [mating](/source/Mating) and create a temporary penis.[1]

## Species

The genus *Novibipalium* contains the following species:

- *[Novibipalium alterifuscatum](/source/Novibipalium_alterifuscatum)* Kawakatsu, Ogren & Froehlich, 1998
- *[Novibipalium falsifuscatum](/source/Novibipalium_falsifuscatum)* Kawakatsu, Ogren & Froehlich, 1998
- *[Novibipalium koreanum](/source/Novibipalium_koreanum)* Song & Carbayo, 2025[2]
- *[Novibipalium miyukiae](/source/Novibipalium_miyukiae)* Kawakatsu, Sluys & Ogren, 2005[3]
- *[Novibipalium murayamai](/source/Novibipalium_murayamai)* Kawakatsu, Sluys & Ogren, 2005[3]
- *[Novibipalium pseudophallicum](/source/Novibipalium_pseudophallicum)* (de Beauchamp, 1925)[4]
- *[Novibipalium rhynchophorum](/source/Novibipalium_rhynchophorum)* Solà & Sluys, 2023[4]
- *[Novibipalium trifuscostriatum](/source/Novibipalium_trifuscostriatum)* (Kaburaki, 1922)
- *[Novibipalium venosum](/source/Novibipalium_venosum)* (Kaburaki, 1922)

## References

1. Kawakatsu, M.; Ogren, R. E.; Froehlich, E. M. (1998). ["The taxonomic revision of several homonyms in the genus *Bipalium*, family Bipaliidae (Turbellaria, Seriata, Tricladida, Terricola)"](http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110008426129/en). *The Bulletin of Fuji Women's College*. **36**: 83–93. Series 2.

1. Song, Ji-Hun & Carbayo, Fernando (2025). "Two New Species of Bipaliinae Land Planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) from the Republic of Korea, Based on an Integrative Taxonomic Approach". *Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research*. [doi:10.1155/jzs/9954525](https://doi.org/10.1155/jzs/9954525)

1. Kawakatsu, M.; Sluys, R.; Ogren, R. E. (2005). "Seven new species of land planarian from Japan and China (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Bipaliidae), with a morphological review of all Japanese bipaliids and a biogeographic overview of Far Eastern species". *Belgian Journal of Zoology*. **135** (1): 53–77.

1. Solà, E.; Sluys, R.; Riutort, M.; Kawakatsu, M. (18 August 2023). "Molecular phylogenetics facilitates the first historical biogeographic analysis of the hammerhead worms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Bipaliinae), with the description of twelve new species and two new genera". *Zootaxa*. **5335** (1): 1–77. [doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5335.1.1](https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5335.1.1). [ISSN 1175-5334](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1175-5334). [PMID 38221113](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38221113)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Novibipalium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novibipalium) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novibipalium?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.