# Nosy Be

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Island in Madagascar

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (October 2025) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the French article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must follow the LLM translation guideline, revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Nosy Be]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|fr|Nosy Be}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Nosy Be Nosy Be Nosy Be is situated off the west coast of Diana Region in northern Madagascar. Geography Location Mozambique Channel Coordinates 13°18′54″S 48°16′03″E / 13.31500°S 48.26750°E / -13.31500; 48.26750 Area 320.02 km2 (123.56 sq mi) Highest elevation 450 m (1480 ft) Highest point Mont Lokobe Administration Madagascar Region Diana Region Demographics Population 109,465 (2018)

**Nosy Be** (Malagasy pronunciation: [\[nusʲ be\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy); formerly **Nossi-bé** and **Nosse Be**, lit. 'big island') is a [volcanic island](/source/Volcanic_island) off the northwest coast of [Madagascar](/source/Madagascar). Nosy Be is Madagascar's largest and busiest [tourist](/source/Tourism) destination. It has an area of 320.02 km2 (123.56 sq mi), and its population was 109,465 according to the provisional results of the 2018 [Census](/source/Census).

*Nosy Be* means "big island" in the [Malagasy language](/source/Malagasy_language). The island was called **Assada** by the French during the early 17th century. Nosy Be has been given several nicknames over the centuries, including "Nosy Manitra" (the scented island).

## History

The first human inhabitants of Nosy Be were small bands from [Antankarana](/source/Antankarana) and [Zafinofotsy](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zafinofotsy&action=edit&redlink=1) ethnic groups, before the [Sakalava people](/source/Sakalava_people) migrated there and became the largest group on the island. These people were joined later by some [Comorians](/source/Comoros), [Indians](/source/India) and [Antandroy](/source/Antandroy). Nosy Be made its first major appearance in Madagascar's history when [King Radama I](/source/Radama_I) announced that he intended to conquer the whole west of Madagascar. That plan was eventually achieved in 1837 when the Sakalava Kingdom of [Boina](/source/Boina_Kingdom) came into the possession of [Ranavalona I](/source/Ranavalona_I) upon the defeat of Queen [Tsiomeko](/source/Tsiomeko_of_Boina)'s army.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

The French colonized the island from 1840, founding an outpost named [Hell-Ville](/source/Andoany) (from French [Admiral de Hell](/source/Anne_Chr%C3%A9tien_Louis_de_Hell)).[1] The 1848 [abolition of slavery in the French colonies](/source/End_of_slavery_in_France#Proclamation_of_the_Abolition_of_Slavery_in_the_French_Colonies) resulted in a revolt against the French by the Sakalava people, who were extensively involved in the slave trade.[2] In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the island was governed by the French as an internal protectorate within the colony of Madagascar. The outpost became an important trade harbor in the Mozambique channel.[3]

During the nineteenth century, the French settlers developed cash crop agriculture (mainly sugar cane) and recruited indentured laborers from East Africa.[4] Though it was difficult for the French to control the littoral, they founded a plantation colony in Nosy Be, mainly producing sugar and cash crops.[5] The French used both military force and diplomacy to maintain their position in the island, appointing the former ruler of Nosy Be [Binao](/source/Binao) as the *gouverneur principal* of the island.[6]

During the [Russo-Japanese War](/source/Russo-Japanese_War) Nosy Be became a supply station for Russia's Second Pacific Squadron. The main fleet led by Admiral [Zinovy Rozhestvensky](/source/Zinovy_Rozhestvensky) reached Nosy Be on January 9, 1905, where it met a smaller detachment led by Admiral [Dmitry von Fölkersam](/source/Dmitry_von_F%C3%B6lkersam) that had arrived already on December 28, 1904.[7] The fleet stayed for two months for refurbishing and coaling, leaving on March 17 to meet its fate ten weeks later at the [Battle of Tsushima](/source/Battle_of_Tsushima).[8]

In 2013, two French tourists and one local were lynched (beaten and burned by a mob) after rumors that they were responsible for the death of a local boy.[9][10] A Madagascar court gave four men the maximum hard labour for life over the mob lynching.[11]

## Geography

A female black lemur and her offspring at the [Lokobe Reserve](/source/Lokobe_Reserve), Nosy Be, November, 2001

Nosy Be is located about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from the coast of Madagascar in the [Mozambique Channel](/source/Mozambique_Channel); several smaller islands are located nearby, including [Nosy Komba](/source/Nosy_Komba), [Nosy Mitsio](/source/Nosy_Mitsio), Nosy Sakatia, and Nosy Tanikely. The island's main town is [Andoany](/source/Andoany), commonly known as [Hell-Ville](/source/Andoany).

The [volcanic island](/source/Volcanic_island) has an area of about 312 km2 (120 sq mi) – 30 km long, 19 km wide[12] – and its highest peak is Mont Lokobe at 450 m (1,480 ft); the volcano is of [Pleistocene](/source/Pleistocene) origin and has not erupted in recent history.[13] There are eleven [volcanic crater lakes](/source/Volcanic_crater_lake) on the island.

### Climate

Nosy Be has a [tropical savanna climate](/source/Tropical_savanna_climate). It is most humid in summer (December, January, February). The [Tsaratanana](/source/Tsaratanana) massif partially protects the island from the strong north-east winds affecting the region in August or during [tropical depressions](/source/Tropical_depression). The wet season lasts from October until the beginning of May, followed by a relatively short dry season that lasts through September. As characteristic of its climate however, it still sees moderate amounts of precipitation even during this time. Daytime temperatures remain fairly steady throughout the year, hovering around 30 °C (86 °F), while the nights are slightly cooler during the dry season.

Climate data for Nosy Be (1991–2020) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 35.0 (95.0) 35.0 (95.0) 36.8 (98.2) 35.4 (95.7) 36.0 (96.8) 34.2 (93.6) 34.5 (94.1) 35.4 (95.7) 34.4 (93.9) 36.3 (97.3) 37.0 (98.6) 36.0 (96.8) 37.0 (98.6) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31.5 (88.7) 31.5 (88.7) 31.9 (89.4) 32.2 (90.0) 31.4 (88.5) 30.2 (86.4) 29.7 (85.5) 30.0 (86.0) 30.6 (87.1) 31.8 (89.2) 31.9 (89.4) 31.6 (88.9) 31.2 (88.2) Daily mean °C (°F) 27.7 (81.9) 27.7 (81.9) 28.0 (82.4) 28.0 (82.4) 26.8 (80.2) 25.4 (77.7) 24.6 (76.3) 24.8 (76.6) 25.6 (78.1) 27.1 (80.8) 27.7 (81.9) 27.8 (82.0) 26.8 (80.2) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23.9 (75.0) 24.0 (75.2) 24.1 (75.4) 23.7 (74.7) 22.3 (72.1) 20.6 (69.1) 19.5 (67.1) 19.5 (67.1) 20.5 (68.9) 22.3 (72.1) 23.4 (74.1) 23.9 (75.0) 22.3 (72.1) Record low °C (°F) 20.2 (68.4) 20.4 (68.7) 21.4 (70.5) 19.0 (66.2) 15.0 (59.0) 13.0 (55.4) 12.7 (54.9) 13.7 (56.7) 13.0 (55.4) 16.0 (60.8) 17.6 (63.7) 20.2 (68.4) 12.7 (54.9) Average precipitation mm (inches) 392.9 (15.47) 334.3 (13.16) 280.9 (11.06) 106.2 (4.18) 34.8 (1.37) 29.3 (1.15) 21.2 (0.83) 26.7 (1.05) 35.0 (1.38) 29.8 (1.17) 135.0 (5.31) 302.1 (11.89) 1,728.2 (68.04) Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 19.5 17.3 16.5 9.3 4.7 4.5 3.4 3.6 4.2 4.0 9.8 15.8 112.6 Mean monthly sunshine hours 187.0 171.2 224.0 245.0 271.3 248.9 263.7 284.9 277.6 281.1 249.1 219.7 2,923.5 Source: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[14][15]

## Flora and fauna

The island is known for having populations of the world's smallest frogs (*[Stumpffia pygmaea](/source/Stumpffia_pygmaea)*) and chameleon (*[Brookesia minima](/source/Brookesia_minima)*).[16] The Lokobe Reserve is one of Madagascar's five Strict Nature Reserves (*Réserves Naturelles Intégrales*). Nosy Be is also home to a specific color of [panther chameleon](/source/Panther_chameleon) (*Furcifer pardalis*).

Nocturnal animals include lemurs (mouse and dwarf), [chameleons](/source/Chameleon) (e.g. short nosed, and stump tailed), [leaf-tailed geckos](/source/Uroplatus), frogs, and birds.[17]

Omura's whale off Nosy Be

Recent studies indicate that adjacent waters around the channel between Nosy Be[18] and Madagascar host a habitat for a notable number of [Omura's whale](/source/Omura's_whale), enabling researchers to conduct field studies of this rare species.[19][20]

Coral reefs around Nosy Be are impacted by urbanization, the discharge of the sugar industry, and unregulated tourism.[21]

## Administration

The island constitutes a department within [Diana Region](/source/Diana%2C_Madagascar) and is organized as the City of Nosy Be (Commune Urbaine de Nosy Be). Its mayor is Mr. Vita Zarga.

## Economy

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Once a major location of [sugar cane](/source/Sugar_cane) plantations and production of its derived products ([sugar](/source/Sugar), [rum](/source/Rum)), the island's main activities are now the plantation of [ylang-ylang](/source/Ylang-ylang)[22] (for the production of essential oils) and tourism. Nosy Be is the most developed tourism destination in Madagascar. This is the only place in Madagascar where all-inclusive large resorts can be found. There are no traffic lights on the island, instead roundabouts are used.

## Transportation

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

The island is served by [Fascene Airport](/source/Fascene_Airport). The airport is served by commercial flights with [Air Madagascar](/source/Air_Madagascar), [Air Austral](/source/Air_Austral), Airlink, Ewa, [Ethiopian Airlines](/source/Ethiopian_Airlines), and has direct flights from Europe on [Neos](/source/Neos_(airline)). Its main city and harbour, [Hell-Ville](/source/Andoany), can be reached by boat from [Ankify](/source/Ankify). On the island, travel via tuk-tuk, scooters, and boats is common alongside cars.

## Education

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (May 2015)

French international schools:

- École primaire française Lamartine[23]

Local public schools:

- EPP Andavakotoko

- EPP Galliéni

- EPP boulevard Manceaut (?)

- CEG Ambalakatakata

- Lycée mixte of Nosy Be

## Twin towns—sister cities

See also: [List of twin towns and sister cities in Madagascar](/source/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Africa#Madagascar)

Nosy Be is [twinned](/source/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities) with:

- [Naples](/source/Naples), Italy[24]

## See also

- [List of volcanoes in Madagascar](/source/List_of_volcanoes_in_Madagascar)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Sanchez SF (2008). ["Commerce régional et à longue distance dans l'ouest de Madagascar au XIXème siècle"](https://www.academia.edu/5626088). *Tsingy: Revue de l'association des professeurs d'histoire et de géographie de Madagascar* (9): 44–56.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** « Sanchez S. F., Un mouvement antiabolitionniste et anticolonial : La révolte sakalava de 1849 dans le Nord-Ouest de Madagascar », in Ballarin M.-P., Derat M.-L., Médard H., Vernet T. (dir.), Traite et esclavage en Afrique Orientale et dans l'Océan Indien, Paris, Karthala, 2013, pp. 413–439

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Sanchez, Samuel (2 January 2017). ["Complex Strands: Changing Textile Trades in Western Madagascar and the Mozambique Channel in the Nineteenth Century, Evidence from Nosy Be Island"](https://www.academia.edu/42209149). *Textile History*. **48** (1): 85–100. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/00404969.2017.1294817](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00404969.2017.1294817). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [165135935](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:165135935).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [Rajaonah F. & Sanchez S. F., "De l'engagisme au salariat dans le Sud-Ouest de l'océan Indien. La colonie de plantation de Nosy Be, Madagascar (1840–1960)", in Guerassimoff E. & Mande I. (dir.), Le travail colonial. Engagés et autres travailleurs migrants dans les empires 1850-1950 , Paris, Riveneuve, 2016, p.245-282](https://www.academia.edu/5736600/_De_l_engagisme_au_salariat_dans_le_Sud_Ouest_de_l_océan_Indien_La_colonie_de_plantation_de_Nosy_Be_Madagascar_1840_1960_co_écrit_avec_Faranirina_Rajaonah_Univ_Paris_Diderot_)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** « Sanchez S. F., "Persuasion, escarmouches, prises d'otages. L'exercice du pouvoir dans la colonie française de Nosy Be, Nord-Ouest de Madagascar (1839–1896)", in Chanson-Jabeur Ch., Morlat P., Forest A., Colonisations et Répressions, Paris, Les Indes Savantes, 2015, pp. 413–439

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Allen, Philip M.; Covell, Maureen (2005). *Historical dictionary of Madagascar* (2nd ed.). Lanham, Md. [u.a.]: Scarecrow Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8108-4636-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4636-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Pierre Van de Boogaerde (2009). *Shipwrecks of Madagascar*. Strategic Book Publishing. p. 243. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-60693-494-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60693-494-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** [Alistair Horne](/source/Alistair_Horne) (2015). *Hubris. The Tragedy of War in the Twentieth Century*. HarperCollins. p. 74ff. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-06-239780-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-239780-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-lemonde.fr_9-0)** ["A Madagascar, la folle rumeur qui a mené trois hommes sur le bûcher"](https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/visuel/2013/11/12/a-madagascar-la-folle-rumeur-qui-a-mene-trois-hommes-sur-le-bucher_3512306_3224.html). *Le Monde.fr*. Retrieved 23 April 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Triple lynchage de Madagascar: coopération judiciaire difficile entre Paris et Antananarivo"](https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2013/11/12/triple-lynchage-de-madagascar-cooperation-judiciaire-difficile-entre-paris-et-antananarivo_3512107_3224.html) (in French). 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2024-09-26.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Four sentenced to hard labour for life over Madagascar mob lynching"](https://www.france24.com/en/20151009-four-sentenced-hard-labour-life-over-mob-lynching-madagascar-sebastien-judalet). *France 24*. 2015-10-09. Retrieved 2024-10-29.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Lowry, Linda L. (2016-09-01). [*The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Travel and Tourism*](https://books.google.com/books?id=8RwvDwAAQBAJ). SAGE Publications. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4833-6896-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4833-6896-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Nosy-Be"](https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=233012). *[Global Volcanism Program](/source/Global_Volcanism_Program)*. [Smithsonian Institution](/source/Smithsonian_Institution).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-WMOCLINO_14-0)** ["Nosybe Climate Normals 1991–2020"](https://web.archive.org/web/20230925044143/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/4.4/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Madagascar/CSV/NOSYBE_67012.csv). *World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)*. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from [the original](https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/4.4/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Madagascar/CSV/NOSYBE_67012.csv) on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NOAA_15-0)** ["Nosy Be/Fascene Climate Normals 1961–1990"](ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/MG/67012.TXT). *[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration](/source/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration)* ([FTP](/source/FTP)). Retrieved October 19, 2015. (To view documents see [Help:FTP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:FTP))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** [Tim Flannery](/source/Tim_Flannery) and Peter Schouten, *Astonishing Animals: Extraordinary Creatures and the Fantastic Worlds They Inhabit*. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2004. Page 126–127.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Garbutt, Nick; Bradt, Hilary; Schuurman, Derek (2008). [*Madagascar Wildlife*](https://books.google.com/books?id=ZxbT2uFy3uEC). Bradt Travel Guides. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-84162-245-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-245-3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Sakalav Diving (2012). ["petit rorqual minke whale.avi"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEP1-AQtPpM). [YouTube](/source/YouTube). [Archived](https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/yEP1-AQtPpM) from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2015-10-25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Jefferon2015_19-0)** Jefferson, Thomas, Marc A. Webber, and Robert L. Pitman (2015). *Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to their Identification*. London: Academic.{{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Cerchio S.; Andrianantenaina B.; Lindsay A.; Rekdahl M.; Andrianarivelo N.; Rasoloarijao T. (2015). ["Omura's whales (Balaenoptera omurai) off northwest Madagascar: ecology, behaviour and conservation needs"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4632516). *[Royal Society Open Science](/source/Royal_Society_Open_Science)*. **2** (10) 150301. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2015RSOS....240301C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015RSOS....240301C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1098/rsos.150301](https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsos.150301). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [4632516](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4632516). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [26587244](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26587244).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** McClanahan, T. R.; Sheppard, C. R. C.; Obura, D. O. (2000-10-12). [*Coral Reefs of the Indian Ocean: Their Ecology and Conservation*](https://books.google.com/books?id=VIMRDAAAQBAJ). Oxford University Press, USA. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-512596-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512596-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** ["Jacarandas cultivates Madagascar scents: from ylang-ylang to pink peppercorn"](https://www.premiumbeautynews.com/en/jacarandas-cultivates-madagascar,23901,en). *Premium Beauty News*. Retrieved 2024-09-26.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** "[École primaire française Lamartine](http://www.aefe.fr/reseau-scolaire-mondial/rechercher-un-etablissement/madagascar-nosy-be-ecole-primaire-francaise)." [AEFE](/source/AEFE). Retrieved on May 7, 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Naples_twinnings_24-0)** Vacca, Maria Luisa. ["Comune di Napoli -Gemellaggi"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130722204102/http://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931) [Naples - Twin Towns]. *Comune di Napoli* (in Italian). Archived from [the original](http://www.comune.napoli.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5931) on 2013-07-22. Retrieved 2013-08-08.

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Nosy Be](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nosy_Be).

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for ***[Nosy Be](https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Nosy_Be#Q1330558)***.

v t e Communes in the Diana Region of the Republic of Madagascar Ambanja (24) - 203 Ambalahonko Ambanja Ambaliha Ambodimanga Ambohimarina Ambohimena Ambohitrandriana Ankatafa Ankingameloko Anorotsangana Antafiambotry Antranokarany Antsakoamanondro Antsahabe (Ambanja) Antsatsaka Antsirabe Bemanevika Haut Sambirano Bemaneviky Ouest Benavony Djangoa Maevatanana, Diana Maherivaratra Marotolana Marovato Ambilobe (15) - 204 Ambakirano Ambalan'anjavy Ambarakaraka Ambilobe Ambodibonara Ampondralava Anaborano Ifasy Anjiabe Ambony Antanambe, Diana Antsaravibe Antsohimbondrona Beramanja Betsihaka Manambato Mantaly Sirama Tanambao Marivorahona Antsiranana (Diego Suarez) (1) - 201 Antsiranana Antsiranana II (22) - 202 Ambolobozobe Ambondrona Andrafiabe Andranofanjava Andranovondronina Anivorano Nord Ankarangona Anketrakabe Anivorano Nord Antanamitarana Antsahampano Antsalaka Antsiranana II Antsoha Bobakilandy Bobasakoa Joffreville Mahalina Mahavanona Mangaoka Mosorolava Ramena Sadjoavato Sakaramy Nosy Be (5) - 207 Nosy Be Ambatozavavy Ampangorina Befotaka, Nosy Be Dzamandzar 5 districts; 51 communes

Authority control databases International VIAF GND National United States France BnF data Israel Geographic Global Volcanism Program Other Yale LUX

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