# Northern America

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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Northern_America.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_America
> Source revision: 1350687449
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{{Short description|Northernmost subregion of North America}}
{{Hatnote group|
{{About-distinguish-text|the region comprising Canada, Greenland, and the United States|[North America](/source/North_America) or the [Northern United States](/source/Northern_United_States)}}{{Other uses|Northern America (disambiguation)}}
}}
{{Infobox continent<!--Population and economic figures as sourced, and include countries/territories per UN geoscheme; includes Hawaii-->
| title = Northern America
| image = Northern America (orthographic projection).svg
| area = {{convert|21780142|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}
| population = {{UN_Population|Northern America}} ({{UN_Population|Year}} est.)
| density = {{convert|16.5|/km2|/sqmi|1|abbr=on}}
| demonym = Northern American
| GDP_nominal = $37.14 trillion (2025)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report?c=156,111,&s=NGDPD,&sy=2022&ey=2022&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1|access-date=8 August 2022|title=April 2022 GDP Report for Canada and United States}}</ref>
| countries = {{Collapsible list
| title = 2
| {{flag|Canada}}
| {{flag|United States}} (except Hawaii)
 }}
| dependencies = {{Collapsible list
| title = 3
| {{flag|Bermuda}} ([United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom))
| {{flag|Greenland}} ([Denmark](/source/Danish_Realm))
| {{flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} ([France](/source/France))}}
| languages = [English](/source/North_American_English), [French](/source/Canadian_French), [Spanish](/source/Spanish_language_in_the_United_States), [Danish](/source/Danish_language), [Greenlandic](/source/Greenlandic_language), and various recognized [regional language](/source/regional_language)s
| time = [UTC−10:00](/source/UTC%E2%88%9210%3A00) (west [Aleutians](/source/Aleutian_Islands)) to [UTC+00:00](/source/UTC%2B00%3A00) ([Danmarkshavn](/source/Danmarkshavn), [Greenland](/source/Greenland))
| cities = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
| title = [10 largest cities in Northern America](/source/List_of_North_American_cities_by_population) (2015)
| 
# {{flagicon|USA}} [New York](/source/New_York_City)
# {{flagicon|USA}} [Los Angeles](/source/Los_Angeles)
# {{flagicon|CAN}} [Toronto](/source/Toronto)
# {{flagicon|USA}} [Chicago](/source/Chicago)
# {{flagicon|USA}} [Houston](/source/Houston)
# {{flagicon|CAN}} [Montreal](/source/Montreal)
# {{flagicon|USA}} [Philadelphia](/source/Philadelphia)
# {{flagicon|USA}} [Phoenix](/source/Phoenix%2C_Arizona)
# {{flagicon|USA}} [San Antonio](/source/San_Antonio)
# {{flagicon|USA}} [San Diego](/source/San_Diego)
 }}
| m49 = <code>021</code> – Northern America<br /><code>003</code> – [North America](/source/North_America)<br /><code>019</code> – [Americas](/source/Americas)<br /><code>001</code> – [World](/source/World)
}}

'''Northern America''' is the [north](/source/north)ernmost [subregion](/source/Subregion) of [North America](/source/North_America), as well as the northernmost [region](/source/region) in the [Americas](/source/Americas). The boundaries may be drawn significantly differently depending on the source of the definition. In one definition, it lies directly north of [Middle America](/source/Middle_America_(Americas)).<ref name="Idiot">Gonzalez, Joseph. 2004. [https://books.google.com/books?id=I4h9x5ZYDDIC "Northern America: Land of Opportunity"] (ch. 6). ''The Complete Idiot's Guide to Geography.'' ({{ISBN|1592571883}}) New York: Alpha Books; pp. 57–8</ref> Northern America's land frontier with the rest of North America then coincides with the [Mexico–United States border](/source/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border). [Geopolitically](/source/Geopolitics), according to the [United Nations' scheme](/source/United_Nations_geoscheme) of geographical [region](/source/region)s and [subregion](/source/subregion)s, Northern America consists of [Bermuda](/source/Bermuda), [Canada](/source/Canada), [Greenland](/source/Greenland), [Saint Pierre and Miquelon](/source/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon) and the [United States](/source/United_States) (the [contiguous United States](/source/contiguous_United_States) and [Alaska](/source/Alaska) only, excluding [Hawaii](/source/Hawaii), [Navassa Island](/source/Navassa_Island), [Puerto Rico](/source/Puerto_Rico), the [United States Virgin Islands](/source/United_States_Virgin_Islands), and other [minor U.S. Pacific territories](/source/insular_area)).<ref>[http://esa.un.org/migration/index.asp?panel=3 Definition of major areas and regions], from World Migrant Stock: The 2005 Revision Population Database, United Nations Population Division. Accessed on line October 3, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings], UN Statistics Division. Accessed online October 3, 2007. ([http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regnf.htm French])</ref>

== Definitions ==
Maps using the term ''Northern America'' date back to 1755, when the region was occupied by [France](/source/Kingdom_of_France), [Great Britain](/source/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain), and [Spain](/source/Enlightenment_in_Spain).<ref>{{cite web |work=[Library and Archives Canada](/source/Library_and_Archives_Canada) |date=n.d. |first=Jacques-Nicolas |last=Bellin |author-link=Jacques-Nicolas Bellin |title=Carte de l'Amerique septentrionale (Map of Northern America, 1755) |url=http://www.collectionscanada.ca/05/0509/050950/05095092_e.html |archive-date=2007-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930191947/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/05/0509/050950/05095092_e.html}} Item NMC 21057.</ref> The [Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America](/source/Solemn_Act_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence_of_Northern_America) in 1813 applied to Mexico.
Today, Northern America includes the [Canada–US](/source/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations) [dyad](/source/wiktionary%3Adyad), [developed countries](/source/developed_country) that exhibit very high [Human Development Index](/source/Human_Development_Index)es and intense [economic integration](/source/economic_integration) while sharing many socioeconomic characteristics.<ref>Torrey, Barbara Boyle & Eberstadt, Nicholas. 2005 (Aug./Sep.). "[http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/2931351.html The Northern America Fertility Divide] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107050714/http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/2931351.html |date=2007-11-07 }}." ''[Hoover Institution](/source/Hoover_Institution) [Policy Review](/source/Policy_Review).'' No. 132.</ref> 

The [World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions](/source/World_Geographical_Scheme_for_Recording_Plant_Distributions) has "Northern America" as the seventh of its nine "botanical continents". Its definition differs from the usual political one: Mexico is included, Bermuda is excluded (being placed in the Caribbean region), Hawaii is excluded (being placed in the Pacific botanical continent) and all of the [Aleutian Islands](/source/Aleutian_Islands), Russian as well as American, are included.<ref>{{cite book |last=Brummitt |first=R.K. |year=2001 |title=World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions: Edition 2 |publisher=International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases For Plant Sciences (TDWG) |url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/tdwg/TDWG_geo2.pdf |access-date=2016-04-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125135239/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/tdwg/TDWG_geo2.pdf |archive-date=2016-01-25 }}</ref>

== Countries and territories ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style=text-align:right
|-
! scope="col" | [Country](/source/List_of_sovereign_states) / [Territory](/source/Dependent_territory)
! scope="col" | [Population](/source/List_of_countries_by_population_(United_Nations)){{UN population|ref}}
! scope="col" | [Area](/source/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area)<br>{{small|(km{{sup|2}})}}<ref>Unless otherwise noted, land area figures are taken from {{Cite report | url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2008/Table03.pdf | title=Demographic Yearbook—Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density | publisher=United Nations Statistics Division | year=2008 | access-date = 2010-10-14}}</ref>
! scope="col" | [Density](/source/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density)<br>{{small|(people<br>per km{{sup|2}})}}
! scope="col" | [Capital](/source/List_of_national_capitals)
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|Bermuda}} [Bermuda](/source/Bermuda)
| {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|Bermuda}} | 53.2 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | [Hamilton](/source/Hamilton%2C_Bermuda)
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|Canada}} [Canada](/source/Canada)
| {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|Canada}} | 9,984,670 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | [Ottawa](/source/Ottawa)
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|Greenland}} [Greenland](/source/Greenland)
| {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|Greenland}} | 2,166,086 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | [Nuuk](/source/Nuuk)
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} [Saint Pierre and Miquelon](/source/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon)
| {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|Saint Pierre and Miquelon}} | 242 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | [Saint-Pierre](/source/Saint-Pierre%2C_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon)
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagdeco|United States}} [United States](/source/United_States)<ref>Includes the [U.S. state](/source/U.S._state) of [Hawaii](/source/Hawaii), which is distant from the North American landmass in the [Pacific Ocean](/source/Pacific_Ocean) and therefore more commonly associated with the other territories of [Oceania](/source/Oceania).</ref>
| {{density | disp=table | {{UN population|United States of America}} | 9,826,675 | pad=2}} || style=text-align:left | [Washington, D.C.](/source/Washington%2C_D.C.)
|- 
|}

'''*''' indicates '''"Demographics of country or territory"''' links.

== Demographics ==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style=text-align:right
!Year||Population<ref>{{cite web|url=https://population.un.org/wpp/|title=World Population Prospects|website=population.un.org|access-date=2019-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809025719/https://population.un.org/wpp/|archive-date=2019-08-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>||%<br />change||Canada||%||United States||%
|-
|1950 || 172,603,000 || — || 13,733,000 || 8.0% || 158,804,000 || 92.0%
|-
|1960 || 204,649,000 || +18.6% || 17,847,000 || 8.7% || 186,721,000 || 91.2%
|-
|1970 || 230,992,000 || +12.9% || 21,374,000 || 9.3% || 209,513,000 || 90.7%
|-
|1980 || 254,007,000 || +10.0% || 24,417,000 || 9.6% || 229,476,000 || 90.3%
|-
|1990 || 279,785,000 || +10.1% || 27,541,000 || 9.8% || 252,120,000 || 90.1%
|-
|2000 || 312,427,000 || +11.7% || 30,588,000 || 9.8% || 281,711,000 || 90.2%
|-
|2010 || 343,287,000 || +9.9% || 34,148,000 || 9.9% || 309,011,000 || 90.0%
|-
|2020 || 368,870,000 || +7.5% || 37,742,000 || 10.2% || 331,003,000 || 89.7%
|-
|}

== See also ==
{{portal|Geography<!-- |Americas -->|North America<!-- |Northern America -->}}

* [Americas (terminology)](/source/Americas_(terminology))
* [Anglo-America](/source/Anglo-America)
* [Caribbean](/source/Caribbean)
* [Central America](/source/Central_America)
* [Middle America](/source/Middle_America_(Americas))
* ''[The Nine Nations of North America](/source/The_Nine_Nations_of_North_America)''
* [West Indies](/source/West_Indies)
* [Western world](/source/Western_world)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canada-and-the-united-states Canada and the United States, by Stephen Azzi and J.L. Granatstein]

{{Continents of the world}}
{{Regions of the world}}

Category:Northern America
Category:1750s neologisms
Category:Regions of North America

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Northern America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_America) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_America?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.