# Norpipe
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{{Short description|Undersea oil and natural gas pipelines system in the North Sea}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
{{Infobox pipeline
| name = Norpipe oil pipeline
| type = oil
| map =
| map_caption = Location of Norpipe oil pipeline
| country = [Norway](/source/Norway), [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom)
| coordinates =
| photo =
| caption =
| operator = [ConocoPhillips](/source/ConocoPhillips)
| partners = [ConocoPhillips](/source/ConocoPhillips), [Total S.A.](/source/Total_S.A.), [Equinor](/source/Equinor), [Eni](/source/Eni), [SDFI](/source/State's_Direct_Financial_Interest)
| length_km = 354
| discharge =
| diameter_in = 34
| direction = east–west
| start = [Ekofisk oil field](/source/Ekofisk_oil_field)
| finish = [Teesside](/source/Teesside)
| est = 1975
| through = [North Sea](/source/North_Sea)
| par =
}}{{Infobox pipeline
| name = Norpipe natural gas pipeline
| type = natural gas
| map =
| country = [Norway](/source/Norway), [Germany](/source/Germany)
| coordinates =
| photo =
| caption =
| operator = [Gassco](/source/Gassco)
| owner = [Gassled](/source/Gassled)
| partners = [Equinor](/source/Equinor), [Petoro](/source/Petoro), [ConocoPhillips](/source/ConocoPhillips), [Eni](/source/Eni), [ExxonMobil](/source/ExxonMobil), [Norsea Gas](/source/Norsea_Gas), [Royal Dutch Shell](/source/Royal_Dutch_Shell), [Total](/source/Total_S.A.), [DONG Energy](/source/DONG_Energy)
| technical_service_provider = [ConocoPhillips](/source/ConocoPhillips)
| length_km = 440
| diameter_in = 36
| discharge = 16 billion cubic meters per year
| direction = north–south
| start = [Ekofisk oil field](/source/Ekofisk_oil_field)
| finish = [Emden](/source/Emden)
| est = 1977
| through = [North Sea](/source/North_Sea)
| par =
}}
'''Norpipe''' is a subsea oil and natural gas pipelines system in the [North Sea](/source/North_Sea). It supplies oil from the [Norwegian](/source/Norway) [Ekofisk](/source/Ekofisk_oil_field) and associated fields in the [North Sea](/source/North_Sea) to the [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom) and natural gas to [Germany](/source/Germany).
==Oil pipeline==
The Norpipe oil pipeline starts at the Ekofisk 2/4-J facility.[
{{cite news
| publisher = Rigzone
| url= https://www.rigzone.com/news/article.asp?a_id=64518
| title = ConocoPhillips Gets Go Ahead to Use Norpipe Oil Pipeline Until 2028
| date = 2008-07-22
| accessdate=2009-11-10}}
] In addition to Ekofisk (Cod, Ekofisk, West Ekofisk, Tor, Albuskjell, Eldfisk, Edda, and Embla fields) the pipeline carries oil from [Valhall](/source/Valhall_oil_field), Hod, [Gyda](/source/Gyda_Oil_Field), [Ula](/source/Ula_oil_field), Tambar, and Oselvar fields in the Norwegian zone, and from several of the UK's oil fields, such as [Fulmar](/source/Fulmar_oilfield) and Judy (see table). A tie-in point for UK fields is located about {{convert|50|km}} from Ekofisk. It has a landfall at [Teesside Refinery](/source/Teesside_Refinery) in [England](/source/England).[
The length of pipeline is {{convert|354|km}} and it has diameter of {{convert|34|in|mm}}. The pipeline is owned by Norpipe Oil AS, a consortium which includes [ConocoPhillips Skandinavia AS](/source/ConocoPhillips) (35.05%), [TotalFinaElf Exploration Norge AS](/source/Total_S.A.) (34.93%), [Statoil](/source/Statoil) (18.5%), [Eni Norge](/source/Eni) AS (6.52%), and [SDFI](/source/State's_Direct_Financial_Interest) (5%). It is operated by ConocoPhillips Skandinavia AS.][{{cite web
| publisher = [Statoil](/source/Statoil)
| url = http://www.statoil.com/en/OurOperations/pipelines/Downloads/Pipeline-Facts.pdf
| title = Pipeline Facts
| accessdate = 2010-10-09
| archive-date = 4 March 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110304184011/http://www.statoil.com/en/OurOperations/pipelines/Downloads/Pipeline-Facts.pdf
| url-status = dead
}}] The pipeline was commissioned in 1975.[
{{cite web
| publisher = Subsea Oil & Gas Directory
| url= http://www.subsea.org/pipelines/listdetails.asp?PipelineID=5
| title = Norpipe Oil Pipeline
| accessdate=2009-11-10}}
] The [Petroleum Safety Authority Norway](/source/Petroleum_Safety_Authority_Norway) has granted consent to use the pipeline until 2028.[ The Norpipe oil pipeline originally had two intermediate booster pump installations in the UK sector designated 37/4A and 36/22A, these were seldom used and were subsequently bypassed. The booster platforms were removed in 2009/10 as part of the greater Ekofisk decommissioning.][{{Cite web|last=Heerema|date=|title=Ekofisk|url=https://hmc.heerema.com/projects/ekofisk/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=19 September 2020|website=Heerema}}]
=== Booster pumping stations ===
The specification of the booster station was as follows.[{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=24 October 2016|title=Norpipe 36/22 A|url=https://ekofisk.industriminne.no/en/norpipe-36-22-a/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=3 October 2020|website=ekofisk}}][{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=24 November 2016|title=Norpipe 37/4 A|url=https://ekofisk.industriminne.no/en/norpipe-37-4-a/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=3 October 2020|website=ekofisk}}]
{| class="wikitable"
|+Norpipe booster stations
!Designation
!Norpipe 37/4A
!Norpipe 36/22A
|-
|Distance from Ekofisk 2/4 J
|123 km
|235 km
|-
|Distance from Teesside
|231 km
|119 km
|-
|Water depth
|85 m
|81 m
|-
|Fabricated
|McDermott, Ardersier
|UIE Cherbourg and St Wandrille
|-
|Total weight
|
|9,750 tonnes
|-
|Installed
|1974
|1974
|-
|Operational
|14 October 1975
|1975
|-
|Drive
|3 × GE (MS-3002J) 2-Stage axial gas turbines 11,800 / 14,400 hp
|3 × GE (MS-3002J) 2-Stage axial gas turbines 11,800 / 14,400 hp
|-
|Fuel
|Diesel or crude oil
|Diesel or crude oil
|-
|Pump
|3 × Bingham 1-stage centrifugal pumps
|3 × Bingham 1-stage centrifugal pumps
|-
|Generators
|3 × Bergen 640kVA diesel sets
|3 × Bergen 640kVA diesel sets
|-
|Pigging equipment
|Yes
|Yes
|-
|Accommodation
|2 storey, 24 beds 2 × double, 5 × four bed cabins
|3 storey, 31 beds 1 × single, 9 × double, 3 × four bed
|-
|Crew
|10
|
|-
|Firewater pumps
|Yes
|Yes
|-
|Helideck
|Super Puma
|Super Puma
|-
|Utilities
|Telemetry, lube oil, chemicals, instrument and plant air, steam, potable water, cranes and lifting equipment
|2 × B-E MK 60 Cranes
|-
|Shutdown
|November 1981
|1977
|-
|Occupation ceased
|1983
|1983
|-
|Pipeline bypass
|1994
|1994
|-
|Topsides removed
|2009
|2009
|-
|Jacket removed
|2010
|2010
|}
=== UK fields and Norpipe ===
The following fields and installations export oil into the Norpipe pipeline.[{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Judy Joanne|url=https://www.chrysaor.com/operations/ICOP/judy|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2 October 2020|website=chrysaor}}][{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Fulmar|url=https://www.repsolsinopecuk.com/files/ICOP_Fulmar_2017.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2 October 2020|website=repsol}}]
{| class="wikitable"
|+Fields exporting to Norpipe
!Field
!Installation
!Production to
!Length
!Diameter, inches
!Year commissioned
|-
|Ekofisk
|Platform 2/4 J
|Teesside terminal
|354 km
|34
|1975
|-
|Judy
|Platform
|Norpipe UK Tee via Northern Wye and Southern Wye
|
|24
|1997
|-
|Joanne
|Subsea
|Judy
|5.5 km
|2 x 12-inch
|2002
|-
|Jasmine
|Platform
|Judy
|6 miles
|16
|2013
|-
|Jade
|Platform
|Judy
|17.3 km
|16
|2002
|-
|Stella
|Semi-submersible FPF-1
|Southern Wye / Tanker
|44 km
|10
|2016
|-
|Harrier
|Subsea
|Stella FPF-1
|7 km
|
|2018
|-
|Fulmar
|Platform
|Southern Wye
|15.5 km
|24
|1997 Fulmar had formerly used offshore tanker loading
|-
|Auk
|Platform
|Fulmar
|12 km
|8
|1975
|-
|Auk North
|Subsea
|Fulmar
|10.7 km
|8
|2011
|-
|Gannet
|Platform
|Fulmar
|107 km
|16
|1992
|-
|Clyde
|Platform
|Fulmar
|11 km
|16
|1986
|-
|Orion
|Subsea
|Clyde
|16.3 km
|10
|1999
|-
|Flyndre
|Subsea
|Clyde
|20 km
|8
|2017
|}
=== Throughput ===
The annual oil production from 1998 (in 1000 tonnes) was:[Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES) Annex F.1 Crude oil]{
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"x": 2001,
"y": 5870
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{
"x": 2002,
"y": 5989
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"y": 5984
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"y": 5077
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"y": 5076
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"y": 3941
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{
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"y": 3729
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"y": 3501
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{
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"y": 3054
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{
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"y": 3074
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{
"x": 2012,
"y": 2267
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{
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"y": 1852
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{
"x": 2014,
"y": 3596
},
{
"x": 2015,
"y": 3044
},
{
"x": 2016,
"y": 2418
},
{
"x": 2017,
"y": 2482
},
{
"x": 2018,
"y": 2466
},
{
"x": 2019,
"y": 2232
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{
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"y": 2100
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"y": 1772
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}The total oil throughput of the terminal up to the end of 2021 was 104.585 million tonnes.[
{{cite web
|publisher = Nordic Energy Perspectives
|url = http://www.nordicenergyperspectives.org/Natural%20gas%20corr20090302.pdf
|title = Natural gas in the Nordic countries
|date = March 2009
|page = 31
|accessdate = 2009-11-10
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110727125950/http://www.nordicenergyperspectives.org/Natural%20gas%20corr20090302.pdf
|archivedate = 27 July 2011
|df = dmy-all
}}
] The natural gas pipeline was commissioned in 1977 and will be in use until 2028.[
{{cite news
| publisher =
| newspaper = Scandinavian Oil-Gas Magazine
| url= https://www.scandoil.com/moxie-bm2/gas/pipelines_gas/gassco-gets-consent-to-use-b-11-facility-norpipe-u.shtml
| title = Gassco gets consent to use B-11 facility, Norpipe until 2028
| date = 2009-01-20
| accessdate=2009-11-10
| issn = 1500-709X}}
] The start-up investment was 26.4 billion Norwegian krone. The pipeline is owned by [Gassled](/source/Gassled) and operated by [Gassco](/source/Gassco).[ The technical service provider is ConocoPhillips.
On 30 September 1995, a German cargo ship ''Reint'' collided with the Norpipe H7-platform in the German [continental shelf](/source/continental_shelf). Only minimal damages to the platform, and no injuries to people were caused.][
{{cite book
| publisher = Springer
| last = Vinnem | first = Jan Erik
| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IYZ6BkRm4qgC&pg=PA354
| title = Offshore risk assessment: principles, modelling and applications of QRA studies
| year = 2007
| accessdate=2009-11-10
| isbn = 978-1-84628-716-9}}
] The H7 platform has been off-the-service since 1999, and in 2007 a bypass pipe laid around the platform.[
{{cite news
| newspaper = [Upstream Online](/source/Upstream_(newspaper))
| publisher = NHST Media Group
| url= http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article136054.ece
| title = Gassco plugs in Norpipe bypass
| date = 2007-06-25
| accessdate=2009-11-10}}
]
==See also==
{{Portal|Germany|Energy}}
* [Europipe I](/source/Europipe_I)
* [Europipe II](/source/Europipe_II)
* [Franpipe](/source/Franpipe)
* [MIDAL](/source/MIDAL)
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
==External links==
* [http://www.gassco.no/wps/wcm/connect/gassco-en/gassco/home/var-virksomhet/ror-og-plattformer/norpipe Norpipe (Gassco website)]
{{Coord missing|Germany}}
Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1975
Category:North Sea energy
Category:Natural gas pipelines in Germany
Category:Natural gas pipelines in Norway
Category:Oil pipelines in Norway
Category:Oil pipelines in the United Kingdom
Category:Equinor
Category:ExxonMobil buildings and structures
Category:Shell plc
Category:ConocoPhillips
Category:Eni
Category:TotalEnergies
Category:Pipelines under the North Sea
Category:Norway–United Kingdom relations
Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1977
Category:1975 establishments in Norway
Category:1977 establishments in Norway
Category:1975 establishments in England
Category:1977 establishments in West Germany
---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Norpipe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norpipe) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norpipe?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.