# Noil

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{{Short description|Short strands rejected from fiber combing}}
{{redirect|Raw silk|the musical group|Raw Silk}}
thumb|right|240px|Hand-dyed silk noil|alt=Hand Dyed Silk Noil'''Noil''' refers to the short [fibers](/source/Fiber) that are removed during the [combing](/source/combing) process in [spinning](/source/Spinning_(textiles)). These fibers are often then used for other purposes. 

Fibers are chosen for their length and evenness in specific spinning techniques, such as worsted.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cowan |first=Mary L. |url=http://archive.org/details/introductiontote0000cowa |title=Introduction to textiles |date=1969 |publisher=New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-390-21326-6 |pages=18, 312}}</ref> The short noil [fibers](/source/fiber) are left over from combing of [wool](/source/wool) or spinning [silk](/source/silk).<ref name=alpaca/> 

Noil may be treated as a shorter-staple fiber and spun, hand-plied, or used as wadding.{{cn|date=June 2022}} Noil may also be used as a decorative additive in spinning projects like [roving](/source/roving)s and [yarn](/source/yarn)s.<ref name=alpaca>[http://indianaalpaca.info/FiberEncyclopedia.pdf Indiana Alpaca] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205926/http://indianaalpaca.info/FiberEncyclopedia.pdf |date=2011-07-21 }} Fiber Encyclopedia.  Collected 20 Jul 2010</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=V3EYAQAAIAAJ&dq=spinning+encyclopedia+Noil&pg=PA107 Encyclopædia Britannica] Volume XXV, 1911 Edition, pp 107.  Google Books.  Collected 20 Jul 2010</ref> As noil is a relatively short fiber, [fabric](/source/textiles) made from noil is weaker and often considered less valuable than that made using long lengths of longer staple lengths, though it is sometimes valued for aesthetic effects (see [Slub (textiles)](/source/Slub_(textiles))).

== Silk ==
{{unreferenced|section|date=September 2018}}
Silk noil is also called "raw silk", although this is a [misnomer](/source/misnomer).

Silk noil may also be made from the short fibres taken from silkworm cocoons – either fibres that are naturally shorter or fibres broken by emerging silk moths. Rather than the continuous filament length of silk, shorter fibers are silk noil, which has a slightly rough texture. It is relatively weaker and has low resilience. It tends to have very low lustre, which makes it appear more like cotton than silk.

Noil silk has the advantage of being made from protein. Thus, it has a better texture and depth than cotton and gives a nice fall and drape.{{clarification needed|reason=better and nice in what way? More elastic? Please give objective traits|date=June 2022}}

Silk noil is also blended or appended with heavier fabrics like velvets and satins to create varied textures. Made out of the strongest natural fibres (with a protein base) around,{{dubious|reason=spider silk?|date=June 2022}} noil [sari](/source/sari)s are not as slippery as many synthetic fibres or filament silk. Being silk, it dyes easily, absorbs moisture well, and can also be waterproofed with a [polyurethane coating](/source/PU_laminate). Such coatings increase their use in furnishings and [upholstery](/source/upholstery). 

Silk noil hails from China, whence it was exported to Europe in the Middle Ages, especially to Italy. It was used to create silk blends through the first half of the 14th century. However, over time its use decreased. With an increase in demand and variety of alternatives and low-cost substitutes, noil has re-surfaced, experiencing a sort of revival. In India, noil is used to make saris, materials and furnishings.

==See also==
*[Slub (in textiles)](/source/Slub_(in_textiles)), for a list of cloth types made from or with silk noil
*[Tsumugi (cloth)](/source/Tsumugi_(cloth))

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Spinning}}

Category:Fibers
Category:Materials
Category:Textiles
{{Textile-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Noil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noil) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noil?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.