# Nicolas Changarnier

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Nicolas_Changarnier
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Nicolas_Changarnier.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Changarnier
> Source revision: 1343193638
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

French general (1793–1877)

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Find sources: "Nicolas Changarnier" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2012)

Portrait by [Ary Scheffer](/source/Ary_Scheffer), 1849

**Nicolas Anne Theodule Changarnier** (French pronunciation: [\[nikɔla an təɔdyl ʃɑ̃ɡaʁnje\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/French); 26 April 1793 – 14 February 1877), French general, was born at [Autun](/source/Autun), [Saône-et-Loire](/source/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire).

Educated at [Saint-Cyr](/source/%C3%89cole_sp%C3%A9ciale_militaire_de_Saint-Cyr), he served for a short time in the bodyguard of [Louis XVIII](/source/Louis_XVIII), and entered the line as a lieutenant in January 1815. He achieved distinction in the [Spanish campaign of 1823](/source/Hundred_Thousand_Sons_of_Saint_Louis), and became captain in 1825. In 1830 he entered the [Royal Guard](/source/Royal_Guard_(France)) and was sent to [North Africa](/source/North_Africa), where he took part in the Mascara expedition. Promoted commandant in 1835, he distinguished himself under [Marshal Clauzel](/source/Bertrand_Clauzel) in the campaign against [Ahmed Pasha](/source/Izzet_Ahmed_Pasha), bey of Constantine, and became lieutenant-colonel in 1837. The part he took in the, expedition of Portes-de-Fer gained him a colonelcy, and his success against the [Hajutas](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hajutas&action=edit&redlink=1) and [Kabyles](/source/Kabyles), the cross of the [Legion of Honour](/source/Legion_of_Honour).[1]

Three more years of brilliant service in Africa won for him the rank of *[marechal de camp](/source/Marechal_de_camp)* in 1840, and of lieutenant-general in 1843. In 1847 he held the [Algiers](/source/Algiers) divisional command. He visited France early in 1848, assisted the provisional government to establish order, and returned to Africa in May to succeed [General Cavaignac](/source/Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_Cavaignac) in the government of [French Algeria](/source/French_Algeria). He was speedily recalled on his election to the general assembly for the [Seine](/source/Seine_(d%C3%A9partement)) *[département](/source/D%C3%A9partement)*, and received the command of the [National Guard of Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Guard_of_Paris&action=edit&redlink=1), to which was added soon afterwards that of the troops in Paris, altogether nearly 100,000 men. He held a high place and exercised great influence in the complicated politics of the next two years[1] (for much more on Changarnier's activities during this time, see [Karl Marx](/source/Karl_Marx)'s *[Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte](/source/Eighteenth_Brumaire_of_Louis_Bonaparte)*).

Changarnier ran for president in the [election of 1848](/source/1848_French_presidential_election), but finished with 0.06 percent of the vote.[2]

In 1849 Changarnier received the grand cross of the Legion of Honour. An avowed enemy of republican institutions, he held a unique position in upholding the power of the president; but in January 1851 he opposed [Louis Napoleon](/source/Louis_Napoleon)'s policy, was in consequence deprived of his double command, and at the *[coup d'état](/source/French_coup_d'%C3%A9tat_of_1851)* in December was arrested and sent to [Mazas](/source/Mazas_Prison), until his banishment from France by the decree of January 9, 1852.[1]

Changarnier returned to France after the general amnesty, and resided in his estate in the department of [Saône-et-Loire](/source/Sa%C3%B4ne-et-Loire). At the outbreak of the [Franco-Prussian War](/source/Franco-Prussian_War) in 1870 he held no command, but was present with the headquarters, and afterwards with [Bazaine](/source/Fran%C3%A7ois_Achille_Bazaine) in [Metz](/source/Metz). He was employed on an unsuccessful mission to [Prince Frederick Charles](/source/Prince_Frederick_Charles), commanding the German army which besieged Metz, and on the capitulation became a prisoner of war. At the armistice he returned to Paris, and in 1871 was elected to the National Assembly by four departments, and sat for the Somme. He took an active part in politics, defended the conduct of Marshal Bazaine, and served on the committee which elaborated the monarchical constitution. When the comte de Chambord refused the compromise, he moved the resolution to extend the executive power for ten years to [Marshal MacMahon](/source/Patrice_MacMahon%2C_duc_de_Magenta). He was elected a [life senator](/source/Senator_for_life_(France)) in 1875.[1]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-3) [Chisholm 1911](#CITEREFChisholm1911).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Clark, Christopher. *Revolutionary Spring: Europe Aflame and the Fight for a New World 1848-1849*. Crown Publishing. p. 624. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-525-57520-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-525-57520-7).

- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the [public domain](/source/Public_domain): [Chisholm, Hugh](/source/Hugh_Chisholm), ed. (1911). "[Changarnier, Nicolas Anne Théodule](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Changarnier,_Nicolas_Anne_Th%C3%A9odule)". *[Encyclopædia Britannica](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition)*. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 839.

v t e Military governors of Paris Governors of Paris under the Ancien Régime Louis I d'Anjou: 1356–1357 Jean de Berry: 1411 Waléran III de Luxembourg: 1411–1413 Jean II de Luxembourg: 1418–1420 Jean de La Baume: 1422–142. Jean de Villiers: 1429–14.. Philippe de Ternant: 14..–14.. Jacques de Villiers: 1461 Charles d'Artois: 1465 Charles de Melun: 1465–1467 Charles I d'Amboise: 1467–1470 Charles de Gaucourt: 14..–1472 Antoine de Chabannes: 1472–147. Guillaume de Poitiers: 1478–14.. Louis d'Orléans: 1483–1485 Antoine de Chabannes: 1485–1488 Gilbert de Montpensier: 14..–1494 Charles II d'Amboise: 1493–1496 Antoine de La Rochefoucauld: 15..–15.. Paul de Thermes: 1559–1562 Charles de Cossé: 1562–1563 François de Montmorency: 15..–1572 René de Villequier: 1580 François d'O: 158.–1589 Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie: 1589–1590 Jean-Francois de Faudoas: 1590–1594 Charles II de Cossé: 1594 François d'O: 1594 Charles du Plessis: 1616 Hercule de Rohan: 1643–16.. François de L'Hospital: 1648–1657 Ambroise-François de Bournonville: 1657–1662 Antoine d'Aumont: 1662–1669 Gabriel de Rochechouart: 1669–1675 Charles III de Créquy: 1676–1687 Léon Potier: 1687–1704 Duc de Tresmes: 1704–1739 Bernard Potier: 1739–1757 Charles Louis d'Albert: 1757–1771 Jean de Cossé-Brissac: 1771–1780 Louis de Cossé-Brissac: 1780–1791 General commanders of the Armed Forces in Paris Louis-Auguste-Augustin d'Affry: 1791–1792 Jacques-François de Menou: 1792–1794 Jean Thierry: 1794–1795 Jacques-François de Menou: 1795 Paul de Barras: 1795 Napoléon Bonaparte: 1795–1796 Jacques Maurice Hatry: 1796–1797 Pierre Augereau: 1797 Louis Lemoine: 1797 Jean-François Moulin: 1797–1798 Joseph Gilot: 1798–1799 Barthélemy Catherine Joubert: 1799 Jean-Antoine Marbot: 1799 François Joseph Lefebvre: 1799–1800 Édouard Mortier: 1800–1803 Jean-Andoche Junot: 1803–1804 Military governors of Paris after the French Revolution Joachim Murat: 1804–1805 Louis Bonaparte: 1805–1806 Joachim Murat: 1806 Jean-Andoche Junot: 1806–1807 Pierre-Augustin Hulin: 1807–1814 Louis de Rochechouart: 1814 Louis Sébastien Grundler: 1814–1815 Nicolas-Joseph Maison: 1815 Pierre-Augustin Hulin: 1815 André Masséna: July 1815 Nicolas-Joseph Maison: 1815 Hyacinthe Despinoy: 1815–1816 Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon: 1816–1818 Nicolas-Joseph Maison: 1819–1821 Auguste de Marmont: 1821–1830 Pierre-Claude Pajol: 1830–1842 Tiburce Sébastiani: 1842–1848 Nicolas Changarnier: 1848–1851 Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers: 1851 Bernard Pierre Magnan: 1851–1865 François Certain de Canrobert: 1865–1870 Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers: 1870 Louis-Jules Trochu: 1870–1871 Joseph Vinoy: 1871 Paul de Ladmirault: 1871–1878 Édouard Aymard: 1878–1880 Justin Clinchant: 1880–1881 Alphonse Lecointe: 1882–1884 Félix-Gustave Saussier: 1884–1898 Émile Zurlinden: 1898–1899 Joseph Brugère: 1899–1900 Georges-Auguste Florentin: 1900–1901 Paul-Vincent Faure-Biguet: 1901–1903 Jean Dessirier: 1903–1906 Jean-Baptiste Dalstein: 1906–1910 Michel-Joseph Maunoury: 1910–1912 Victor-Constant Michel: 1912–1914 Joseph Gallieni: 1914–1915 Michel-Joseph Maunoury: 1915–1916 Augustin Dubail: 1916–1918 Adolphe Guillaumat: 1918 Charles Emile Moinier: 1918–1919 Pierre Berdoulat: 1919–1923 Henri Gouraud: 1923–1937 Gaston Billotte: 1937–1939 Pierre Héring: 1939–1940 Henri Dentz: 1940 Military governors of Paris under the German occupation Otto von Stülpnagel Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel Dietrich von Choltitz Military governors of Paris since 1944 Philippe Leclerc: 1944 Marie-Pierre Kœnig: 1944–1945 Paul Legentilhomme: 1945–1947 René Chouteau: 1947–1953 Henri Zeller: 1953–1957 Louis-Constant Morlière: 1957–1958 Pierre Garbay: 1958–1959 Raoul Salan: 1959–1960 Maurice Gazin: 1960 André Demetz: 1960–1962 Louis Dodelier: 1962–1965 Philippe de Camas: 1965–1968 André Meltz: 1968–1971 Bernard Usureau: 1971–1974 Philippe Clave: 1974–1975 Jean Favreau: 1975–1977 Jacques de Barry: 1977–1980 Jeannou Lacaze: 1980–1981 Roger Périer: 1981–1982 Alban Barthez: 1982–1984 Michel Fennebresque: 1984–1987 Hervé Navereau: 1987–1991 Daniel Valéry: 1991–1992 Michel Guignon: 1992–1996 Michel Billot: 1996–2000 Pierre Costedoat: 2000–2002 Marcel Valentin: 2002–2005 Xavier de Zuchowicz: 2005–2007 Bruno Dary: 2007–2012 Hervé Charpentier: 2012–2015 Bruno Le Ray: 2015–2020 Christophe Abad: 2020–2024 Loïc Mizon: 2024

Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF GND WorldCat National France BnF data People Sycomore Deutsche Biographie Léonore DDB Other IdRef Open Library SNAC

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Nicolas Changarnier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Changarnier) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Changarnier?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.