# Ngiyampaa > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Ngiyampaa > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Ngiyampaa.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngiyampaa > Source revision: 1237964496 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{short description|Aboriginal Australian people of New South Wales}} {{use dmy dates|date=October 2017}} {{use Australian English|date=September 2020}} The '''Ngiyampaa''' people, also spelt '''Ngyiyambaa''', '''Nyammba''' and '''Ngemba''',{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=198}}{{efn|This version of the [ethnonym](/source/ethnonym) represents a northern pronunciation, in which speakers tended to run ''iya'' together, producing a vocalisation close to English 'e'. {{harv|Beckett|Donaldson|Steadman|Meredith|2003|p=12}}}} are an [Aboriginal Australian](/source/Aboriginal_Australian) people of the state of [New South Wales](/source/New_South_Wales). The generic name refers to an aggregation of three groups, the Ngiyampaa, the [Ngiyampaa Wangaaypuwan](/source/Wangaaypuwan), and the [Ngiyampaa Wayilwan](/source/Wayilwan), respectively clans of a larger Ngiyampaa nation.{{sfn|Beckett|Donaldson|Steadman |Meredith|2003|p=4}}{{sfn|Beckett|Donaldson|Steadman|Meredith|2003|p=7}}{{sfn|Donaldson |1984|p=29}} ==Language== {{main|Ngiyambaa language}} Their language consisted of varieties of [Ngiyampaa](/source/Ngiyambaa_language),{{efn|The name of the language means 'talk-world' {{harv|Donaldson|1984|p=23}}}}{{sfn|Donaldson|1985|p=126}} which was composed of two dialects, Ngiyambaa Wangaaypuwan and Wayilwan Ngiyambaa.{{sfn|Dixon|2002|p=xxxv}} {{sfn|Donaldson|1984|p=26}}{{sfn|Donaldson|1984|p=38}} The [Wangaaypuwan](/source/Wangaaypuwan) (with ''wangaay'') people are so called because they use ''wangaay'' to say "no", as opposed to the Ngiyampaa in the Macquarie Marshes and towards [Walgett](/source/Walgett), who were historically defined separately by colonial ethnographers as [Wayilwan](/source/Wayilwan), so-called because their word for "no" was ''wayil''.{{sfn|Beckett|Donaldson|Steadman|Meredith|2003|p=17}}{{sfn|Donaldson|1984|p=26}} The distinction between Ngiyampaa, Wangaaypuwan, and Wayilwan traditionally drawn, and sanctioned by the classification of [Norman Tindale](/source/Norman_Tindale), may rest upon a flawed assumption of marked "tribal" differences based on Ngiyampaa linguistic discriminations between internal groups or clans whose word for "no" varied.{{sfn|Donaldson|1984|p=29}} ==Country== According to Tindale's estimation, Ngiyampaa tribal lands (''ngurrampaa'', "country"){{efn|''ngurra'' means 'camp' while the suffix ''paa'' indicates a world or place. {{harv|Donaldson|1984|p=23}}}} extended over some {{convert|6,600|mi2|km2}} in the territory, much of it [peneplain](/source/peneplain), lying south of the south bank of the [Barwon](/source/Barwon_River_(New_South_Wales)) and [Darling](/source/Darling_River) rivers, from [Brewarrina](/source/Brewarrina%2C_New_South_Wales) to Dunlop. Their area included [Yanda Creek](/source/Yanda_County) down to the source of [Mulga Creek](/source/Mulga_Creek), and took in the [Bogan River](/source/Bogan_River).{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=198}}{{sfn|Beckett|Donaldson|Steadman|Meredith|2003|p=14}} The [Wayilwan clan](/source/Weilwan){{sfn|Beckett|Donaldson|Steadman|Meredith|2003|p=7}}{{sfn|Donaldson|1984|p=29}} were on their southeastern flank, the [Wangaaypuwan clan](/source/Wangaibon){{sfn|Donaldson|1984|p=28}} southwest while the [Gamilaraay](/source/Gamilaraay) were to the northeast and the [Paakantyi](/source/Paakantyi) to their west and northwest. [Mount Grenfell](/source/Mount_Grenfell), some {{convert|50|mi|order=flip}} northwest of [Cobar](/source/Cobar), is an important site for the Ngiyampaa people, who were barred from accessing it until the 1970s.{{sfn|Beckett|Donaldson|Steadman|Meredith|2003|p=13}} ==Group classifications== A geographical distinction regarding the homeland camping world (''ngurrampaa'') is attested between three groups, all inhabiting areas devoid of permanent watercourses. * (a) ''pilaarrkiyalu'' ('woodlanders'. Lit.'[belar](/source/Casuarina_cristata) people') to the east. * (b) ''nhiilyikiyalu'' ([nilyah](/source/Acacia_loderi) tree people) a westerly group who formerly camped northwest of the ''ngurrampaa'', around Marfield station. These two groups are collectively referred to as drylanders. * (c)''karulkiyalu'' or 'stone people', those associated with the stony terrain north of the Ngiyampaa's camping world.{{sfn|Donaldson|1984|p=24}} A further distinction was drawn between the above three groups and two groups of river people whose descendants now dwell to the east and west of the ''ngurrampaa''. These are the * (d) ''kaliyarrkiyalu'' (people of the Lachlan River (''kaliyarr'') * (e) ''paawankay'' (people of the Darling River).{{sfn|Donaldson|1984|pp=24–25}} ==History of contact== In 1914 a regional newspaper stated that there had been a massacre in 1859 of around 300 Ngiyampaa at Hospital Creek, close to [Brewarrina](/source/Brewarrina).{{sfn|Beckett|Donaldson|Steadman|Meredith|2003|p=23}} ==Some words== * ''ngurram-paa'' ('camp-world', therefore homeland){{sfn|Beckett|Donaldson|Steadman|Meredith|2003|p=16}} * ''ngurrangkiyalu'' (housewife){{sfn|Donaldson|1984|p=24}} * ''purrpa'' (school for making men){{sfn|Donaldson|1984|pp=22–23}} * ''waaway'' ([Rainbow Serpent](/source/Rainbow_Serpent)){{sfn|Beckett|Donaldson|Steadman|Meredith|2003|p=15}} * ''wirringan'' ([doctors or 'clever' people](/source/Cleverman)){{sfn|Donaldson|1984|p=25}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} ===Citations=== {{Reflist|20em}} ==Sources== {{refbegin}} *{{Cite book| title = Yapapunakirri Let's Track Back: The Aboriginal World Around Mount Grenfell | last1 = Beckett | first1 = Jeremy | last2 = Donaldson | first2 = Tamsin | last3 = Steadman | first3 = Bradley | last4 = Meredith | first4 = Steve | publisher = Office of the Registrar, Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1983 (NSW). | url = https://www.academia.edu/33372424 | date = April 2003 | isbn = 0-9581920-1-4 }}. *{{cite book| title = Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development | last = Dixon | first = R. M. W. | year = 2002 | author-link = Robert M. W. Dixon | publisher = [Cambridge University Press](/source/Cambridge_University_Press) | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MSqIBNJtG0AC&pg=PR34 | isbn = 978-0-521-47378-1 }} *{{Cite journal | title = What's in a name? An etymological view of land, language and social identification from central western New South Wales | last = Donaldson | first = Tamsin | journal = [Aboriginal History](/source/Aboriginal_History) | year = 1984 | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–44 | url = http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p71671/pdf/article032.pdf }} *{{Cite journal | title = From Speaking Ngiyampa to Speaking English | last = Donaldson | first = Tamsin | journal = [Aboriginal History](/source/Aboriginal_History) | year = 1985 | volume = 9 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 126–147 | jstor = 24045833 }} *{{Cite book| chapter = Ngemba (NSW) | last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett | year = 1974 | author-link = Norman Tindale | title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names | publisher = [Australian National University](/source/Australian_National_University) | chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/ngemba.htm }} {{refend}} {{Aboriginal peoples in New South Wales}} {{authority control}} Category:Aboriginal peoples of New South Wales Category:South Coast (New South Wales) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ngiyampaa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngiyampaa) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngiyampaa?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.