# Nepenthales

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{{Short description|Order of carnivorous plants}}
[[Image:Nepenthes rajah.png|thumb|''[Nepenthes rajah](/source/Nepenthes_rajah)'']]

'''Nepenthales''' (Nepenthales [Bercht.](/source/Friedrich_von_Berchtold) & [J.Presl](/source/Jan_Svatopluk_Presl))  is an [order](/source/order_(biology)) of [carnivorous](/source/carnivorous_plant) [flowering plant](/source/flowering_plant)s in the [Cronquist system](/source/Cronquist_system) of plant classification.<ref name=Reveal>{{cite journal|last=Reveal|first=James L.|title=New ordinal names established by changes to the botanical code|journal=Phytotaxa|year=2011|volume=30|pages=42–44|author-link=James L. Reveal|doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.30.1.2|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
The order Nepenthales as of 2018 is a clade within Caryophyllales and contains the following families:<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ellison |first=Aaron M. |title=Carnivorous plants: physiology, ecology, and evolution |last2=Adamec |first2=Lubomír |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford university press |isbn=978-0-19-877984-1 |edition=1st |location=Oxford |pages=28}}</ref>

=== Carnivorous Nepenthales ===

* [Droseraceae](/source/Droseraceae)
* [Nepenthaceae](/source/Nepenthaceae)
* [Ancistrocladaceae](/source/Ancistrocladus)
* [Drosophyllaceae](/source/Drosophyllum) 
* [Dioncophyllaceae](/source/Dioncophyllaceae)

=== Non-carnivorous Nepenthales ===

* [Polygonaceae](/source/Polygonaceae) 
* [Frankenia](/source/Frankenia)ceae
* [Plumbaginaceae](/source/Plumbaginaceae)
* [Tamaricaceae](/source/Tamaricaceae)

== Evolution within Nepenthales ==
Common traits of the Nepenthales include the presence of glandular hairs or active secretory tissues. The presence of these glandular hairs and secretory tissues is believed to be important to the evolution of carnivory within Nepenthales.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/994368018 |title=Carnivorous plants: physiology, ecology, and evolution |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-877984-1 |editor-last=Ellison |editor-first=Aaron M. |edition=1st |location=Oxford; New York, NY, United States of America |pages=29 |oclc=994368018 |editor-last2=Adamec |editor-first2=Lubomír}}</ref> Carnivory within the Nepenthales is believed to have only evolved once with the carnivorous lineage diverging from the rest of the Nepenthales around 95.1Mya in the late Cretaceous.<ref name=":0" />

==APG IV system==
[Plant taxonomy](/source/Plant_taxonomy) systematists currently favor the [APG IV system](/source/APG_IV_system) of 2016 over the older Cronquist system for classifying [flowering plant](/source/flowering_plant)s (Angiosperms).

The 2009 [APG III system](/source/APG_III_system) assigned the first two families to the order [Caryophyllales](/source/Caryophyllales) and the last family to the order [Ericales](/source/Ericales).<ref name="APGII">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/abstract An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II.] ''[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society](/source/Botanical_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Society)'' 141(4): 399-436. [doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x](/source/doi%3A_10.1046%2Fj.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x)</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{CarnivorousPlants}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:Carnivorous plants
Category:Historically recognized angiosperm orders

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Nepenthales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthales) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthales?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.