# Neottieae

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Tribe of orchids

Neottieae Neottia nidus-avis Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Embryophytes Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Spermatophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Order: Asparagales Family: Orchidaceae Subfamily: Epidendroideae Tribe: Neottieae Lindl. (1826) Orchid. Select. 7, 9 (1826) Genera[1] Aphyllorchis Cephalanthera Epipactis Limodorum Neottia Palmorchis Synonyms Listerinae Lindl. ex Meisn. (1842) Pl. Vasc. Gen., tab diagm., 385 (1842) Limordorinae Benth., (1881) J. Linn. Soc. Bot., 18, 288 (1881) Palmorchideae Dressler, (1979) Selbyana, 5, 205 (1979)

**Neottieae** is an orchid tribe in the subfamily [Epidendroideae](/source/Epidendroideae). It contains six genera and over 200 species distributed mainly in temperate and subtropical zones of the northern hemisphere.[2][3] All its members are terrestrial plants, hinting at an early branching with Epidendroideae which is largely an epiphytic group.[4] Neottieae is likely to be the result of a single temperate radiation of epidendroids, although it appears that some lineages in this tribe have crept back into the tropics.[5]

The genus *[Thaia](/source/Thaia_(plant))* had been tentatively included in this tribe, but is now placed in the tribe [Thaieae](/source/Thaieae).[1] Palmorchis is sister to the other genera and was moved here from **Palmorchideae** based on molecular evidence. It is the only group in this tribe that occurs in Central and South America and is morphologically isolated.[3]

## Etymology

The name of this tribe was taken from one of its genera: *[Neottia](/source/Neottia)* Guett. (1754). This name refers to the particular shape of the tangled mass of roots of plants in this genus, forming what looks like a bird's “nest”. In Greek "neottia" means "nest".[6] The name *Neottia* was introduced in the botanical nomenclature by the French naturalist and geologist Jean-Étienne Guettard (1715 - 1786) in 1754; while the name for the tribe was proposed by the English botanist [John Lindley](/source/John_Lindley) (1799 - 1865) in the publication "Orchidearum Sceletos" of 1826.[7]

## Description

Plants of this tribe are terrestrial orchids with approximately 85 temperate species.[5] In addition, some of these plants are [mycoheterotrophic](/source/Mycoheterotrophic), i.e. no longer reliant on chlorophyll (genus [Neottia](/source/Neottia) and [Limodorum](/source/Limodorum)). Mycoheterotrophy is common and has independently evolved at least three times in this group.[3]

The height varies from a few centimeters up to about 100 cm (genus [Epipactis](/source/Epipactis)). The prevalent biological form of the tribe is [rhizome geophyte](/source/Raunki%C3%A6r_plant_life-form), they are herbaceous perennials with underground buds. The temperate species remain dormant underground when conditions are too cold.

## See also

- [Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae](/source/Taxonomy_of_the_Orchidaceae)

## References

[Wikispecies](/source/Wikispecies) has information related to ***[Neottieae](https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Neottieae)***.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ChaseCameron2015_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ChaseCameron2015_1-1) Chase, Mark W.; Cameron, Kenneth M.; Freudenstein, John V.; Pridgeon, Alec M.; Salazar, Gerardo; van den Berg, Cássio; Schuiteman, André (2015). ["An updated classification of Orchidaceae"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12234). *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*. **177** (2): 151–174. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/boj.12234](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12234). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0024-4074](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0024-4074).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Chase2015_2-0)** Chase, M.W.; Cameron, K.M.; Freudenstein, J.V.; Pridgeon, A.M.; Salazar, G.; Van Den Berg, C.; Schuiteman, A. (2015). ["An updated classification of Orchidaceae"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12234). *Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society*. **177** (2): 151–174. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/boj.12234](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fboj.12234).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-molecular_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-molecular_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-molecular_3-2) Zhou, Ting; Jin, Xiao-Hua (2018). ["Molecular systematics and the evolution of mycoheterotrophy of tribe Neottieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae)"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322766746). *PhytoKeys* (94): 39–49. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2018PhytK..94...39Z](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhytK..94...39Z). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3897/phytokeys.94.21346](https://doi.org/10.3897%2Fphytokeys.94.21346). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5799734](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5799734). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [29416419](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29416419). Retrieved 2 May 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Atwood, J.T. (1986). ["The size of the Orchidaceae and the systematic distribution of epiphytic orchids"](https://journals.flvc.org/selbyana/article/view/120807). *Selbyana*. **9** (1): 171–186.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-phylo_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-phylo_5-1) Freudenstein, John V.; Chase, Mark W. (March 2015). ["Phylogenetic relationships in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae), one of the great flowering plant radiations: progressive specialization and diversification"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4343289). *Annals of Botany*. **115** (4): 665–681. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/aob/mcu253](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Faob%2Fmcu253). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [4343289](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4343289). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [25578379](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25578379).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Alrich, Peggy; Higgins, Wesley. ["Neottia: A Widespread Northern Genus"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324871447). *AOS* (April 2016): 257. Retrieved 2 May 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Neottieae Lindl"](http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/50169877). *Tropicos*. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 2 May 2021.

- Content in this page translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at [it:Neottieae](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neottieae).

Taxon identifiers Neottieae Wikidata: Q547720 Wikispecies: Neottieae FNA: 20531 GRIN: 2736 IPNI: 331001-2 NCBI: 158338 Open Tree of Life: 852741 Tropicos: 50169877 VASCAN: 495

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