# Neonectria

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***Neonectria*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [fungi](/source/Fungus) in the family [Nectriaceae](/source/Nectriaceae).

It is a [cosmopolitan](/source/Cosmopolitan_distribution) genus commonly distributed in tropical and temperate regions.[1] The species occur as [saprobes](/source/Saprobes) (processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter), pathogens and some species have been isolated as soil inhabitants (Brayford 1993;[2] Chaverri et al. 2011).[3]

*Neonectria* was linked to the asexual genus *Cylindrocarpon*. Later [phylogenetic](/source/Phylogenetic) analysis revealed that *Neonectria* and *Cylindrocarpon* are phylogenetically congeneric and they are not [monophyletic](/source/Monophyletic) (Mantiri et al. 2001;[4] Brayford et al. 2004;[5] Seifert et al. 2003).[6] A taxonomic revision of *Neonectria* [sensu lato](/source/Sensu_lato) was provided by Chaverri et al. in 2011,[3] based on multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, morphological characters and ecological data. Their phylogenetic analysis showed five distinct highly supported [clades](/source/Clades) that correspond to some extent with the informal *Neonectria* and *Cylindrocarpon* groups. Hence, three genera *[llyonectria](/source/Llyonectria)*, *[Rugonectria](/source/Rugonectria)* and *[Thelonectria](/source/Thelonectria)* were introduced to accommodate three *Neonectria* *sensu lato* informal groups.[3]

'Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa' by Wijayawardene et al. lists up to 30 species (in 2020),[7] and around 25 records are listed by [Species Fungorum](/source/Species_Fungorum),[8] and [GBIF](/source/GBIF).[1]

## Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum;[8]

- *[Neonectria aquatica](/source/Neonectria_aquatica)*
- *[Neonectria austroradicicola](/source/Neonectria_austroradicicola)*
- *[Neonectria californica](/source/Neonectria_californica)*
- *[Neonectria candida](/source/Neonectria_candida)*
- *[Neonectria coccinea](/source/Neonectria_coccinea)*
- *[Neonectria confusa](/source/Neonectria_confusa)*
- *[Neonectria dinghushanica](/source/Neonectria_dinghushanica)*
- *[Neonectria ditissima](/source/Neonectria_ditissima)*
- *[Neonectria ditissimopsis](/source/Neonectria_ditissimopsis)*
- *[Neonectria dumontii](/source/Neonectria_dumontii)*
- *[Neonectria faginata](/source/Neonectria_faginata)*
- *[Neonectria hederae](/source/Neonectria_hederae)*
- *[Neonectria lugdunensis](/source/Neonectria_lugdunensis)* [Note: type species for *[Heliscus](/source/Heliscus_(fungus))* with potential complications for nomenclature].
- *[Neonectria magnoliae](/source/Neonectria_magnoliae)*
- *[Neonectria major](/source/Neonectria_major)*
- *[Neonectria microconidia](/source/Neonectria_microconidia)*
- *[Neonectria neomacrospora](/source/Neonectria_neomacrospora)*
- *[Neonectria obtusispora](/source/Neonectria_obtusispora)*
- *[Neonectria phaeodisca](/source/Neonectria_phaeodisca)*
- *[Neonectria punicea](/source/Neonectria_punicea)*
- *[Neonectria quercicola](/source/Neonectria_quercicola)*
- *[Neonectria ramulariae](/source/Neonectria_ramulariae)*
- *[Neonectria shennongjiana](/source/Neonectria_shennongjiana)*
- *[Neonectria tokyoensis](/source/Neonectria_tokyoensis)*
- *[Neonectria tsugae](/source/Neonectria_tsugae)*
- *[Neonectria verrucispora](/source/Neonectria_verrucispora)*

Former species;[8]

- *N. amamiensis* = *[Thelonectria amamiensis](/source/Thelonectria_amamiensis)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. castaneicola* = *[Rugonectria castaneicola](/source/Rugonectria_castaneicola)*, [Hypocreales](/source/Hypocreales)
- *N. cinnamomea* = *[Cinnamomeonectria cinnamomea](/source/Cinnamomeonectria_cinnamomea)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. coprosmae* = *[Ilyonectria coprosmae](/source/Ilyonectria_coprosmae)*, Hypocreales
- *N. coronata* = *[Thelonectria coronata](/source/Thelonectria_coronata)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. discophora* = *[Thelonectria discophora](/source/Thelonectria_discophora)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. discophora* var. *rubi* = *[Thelonectria rubi](/source/Thelonectria_rubi)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. fuckeliana* = *[Corinectria fuckeliana](/source/Corinectria_fuckeliana)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. galligena* = *Neonectria ditissima*, Nectriaceae
- *N. hubeiensis* = *[Cylindrodendrum hubeiense](/source/Cylindrodendrum_hubeiense)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. jungneri* = *[Macronectria jungneri](/source/Macronectria_jungneri)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. liriodendri* = *[Ilyonectria liriodendri](/source/Ilyonectria_liriodendri)*, Hypocreales
- *N. lucida* = *[Thelonectria lucida](/source/Thelonectria_lucida)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. macroconidialis* = *[Ilyonectria macroconidialis](/source/Ilyonectria_macroconidialis)*, Hypocreales
- *N. macrodidyma* = *[Dactylonectria macrodidyma](/source/Dactylonectria_macrodidyma)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. platycephala* = *[Thelonectria platycephala](/source/Thelonectria_platycephala)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. radicicola* = *[Ilyonectria radicicola](/source/Ilyonectria_radicicola)*, Hypocreales
- *N. reteaudii* = *[Calonectria reteaudii](/source/Calonectria_reteaudii)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. rugulosa* = *[Rugonectria rugulosa](/source/Rugonectria_rugulosa)*, Hypocreales
- *N. sinensis* = *[Thelonectria sinensis](/source/Thelonectria_sinensis)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. trachosa* = *[Thelonectria trachosa](/source/Thelonectria_trachosa)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. veuillotiana* = *[Thelonectria veuillotiana](/source/Thelonectria_veuillotiana)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. viridispora* = *[Thelonectria viridispora](/source/Thelonectria_viridispora)*, Nectriaceae
- *N. westlandica* = *[Thelonectria westlandica](/source/Thelonectria_westlandica)*, Nectriaceae

## References

1. ["*Neonectria* Wollenw."](https://www.gbif.org/species/2563867). *www.gbif.org*. Retrieved 20 July 2023.

1. Brayford, D. & Samuels, G.J. (1993). "Some didymosporous species of *Nectria* with nonmicroconidial *Cylindrocarpon* anamorphs.". *Mycologia*. **85** (4): 612–637. [doi:10.1080/00275514.1993.12026315](https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1993.12026315)

1. Chaverri, P.; Salgado, C.; Hirooka, Y.; Rossman, A.Y.; Samuels, G.J. (2011). "Delimitation of *Neonectria* and *Cylindrocarpon* (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and related genera with *Cylindrocarpon*-like anamorphs.". *Stud. Mycol.*. **68**: 57–78. [doi:10.3114/sim.2011.68.03](https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2011.68.03). [PMC 3065985](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3065985). [PMID 21523189](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21523189)

1. Mantiri, F.R.; Samuels, G.J.; Rahe, J.E.; Honda, B.M. (2001). "Phylogenetic relationship in *Neonectria* species having *Cylindrocarpon* anamorphs inferred from mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences.". *Canadian Journal of Botany*. **79** (3): 334–340. [doi:10.1139/b01-002](https://doi.org/10.1139/b01-002)

1. Brayford, D.; Honda, B.M.; Mantiri, F.R.; Samuels, G.J. (2004). "*Neonectria* and *Cylindrocarpon*: the *Nectria* mammoidea group and species lacking macroconidia.". *Mycologia*. **96** (3): 572–597. [doi:10.1080/15572536.2005.11832955](https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2005.11832955). [PMID 21148879](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21148879). [S2CID 218589904](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218589904)

1. Seifert, K.A.; McMullen, C.R.; Yee, D.; Reeleder, R.D.; Dobinson, K.F. (2003). "Molecular differentiation and detection of ginseng-adapted isolates of the root rot fungus *Cylindrocarpon destructans*.". *Phytopathology*. **93** (12): 1533–1542. [doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.12.1533](https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.12.1533). [PMID 18943617](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18943617)

1. Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". *Mycosphere*. **11**: 1060–1456. [doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8](https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8). [hdl:10481/61998](https://hdl.handle.net/10481/61998)

1. ["Neonectria - Search Page"](http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp?strGenus=Neonectria). *www.speciesfungorum.org*. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 10 July 2023.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Neonectria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonectria) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonectria?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.