# Neo-Guelphism

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Political party in Italy

Neo-Guelphs Neoguelfi Leader Vincenzo Gioberti Founded 1843 (1843) Dissolved 1852 (1852) Ideology Confederalism[1] Theocratic monarchism[2][3] Christian liberalism[4][5] Political position Centre[6] Religion Roman Catholicism National affiliation Moderates Politics of Italy Political parties Elections

**Neo-Guelphism** ([Italian](/source/Italian_language): *Neoguelfismo*) was a 19th-century Italian political movement, started by [Vincenzo Gioberti](/source/Vincenzo_Gioberti), which wanted to unite Italy into a single kingdom with the [Pope](/source/Pope) as its king. Despite little popular support, the movement raised interests among intellectuals, journalists and Catholic reformist politicians. They were also linked both to [ontologism](/source/Ontologism), a philosophical movement, and to rationalist-leaning theology.

## Philosophy and platform

As modern political parties were not present in Italy in the 19th century, the neo-Guelphs were only circles of intellectuals, aristocrats, journalists and businessmen with Catholic and unitarian tendencies. The movement was not too nationalist, preferring a [confederation](/source/Confederation) between the several Italian states led by the [Pope](/source/Pope).[7] On social issues, the neo-Guelphs tended to support both [reformist](/source/Reformist) and [law and order](/source/Law_and_order_(politics)) policies.[7]

Many neo-Guelphists thought that Giovanni Mastai-Ferretti (elected pope [Pius IX](/source/Pius_IX) in 1846) would boost their cause, but he rejected their movement. This rejection was disheartening to [Catholic](/source/Catholic) liberals everywhere, and the [anti-clerical](/source/Anti-clericism) left saw it as proof that the papacy was inherently reactionary—ready to sacrifice its very autonomy and an Italian state simply to protect narrow temporal interests, such as [noble](/source/Nobility) interests in the [papal states](/source/Papal_states). Popes generally came from this nobility, to say nothing of the [curia](/source/Curia) and [Vatican](/source/Roman_Curia) hierarchy in general.

In [Piedmont-Sardinia](/source/Kingdom_of_Sardinia), the movement gained enough influences to install two neo-Guelphs in government: [Cesare Balbo](/source/Cesare_Balbo), from March to July 1848, and Gioberti himself, from December 1848 to February 1849. However, the final defeat in the [First War of Independence](/source/First_Italian_War_of_Independence) by [Austria](/source/Austrian_Empire) caused the decline of neo-Guelphism, seen as too moderate and "[papist](/source/Papist)", in favor of parliamentary [right-wing group](/source/Historical_Right), that purposed a mix of war and diplomacy to unify Italy under the [House of Savoy](/source/House_of_Savoy).

After the [Franco-Austrian War](/source/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence) of 1859, which granted to Piedmont-Sardinia the control over Northern Italy (except for Veneto), neo-Guelphism was considered obsolete and unobtainable. In 1860, republican [Giuseppe Garibaldi](/source/Giuseppe_Garibaldi) led his [expedition in Southern Italy](/source/Expedition_of_the_Thousand), which eventually led to [Italian unification](/source/Italian_unification) under Piedmont-Sardinia, however, leaving the Papacy as its own individual state. This eased the fears from Roman Catholic countries such as France who believed that a unified Italy could "corrupt" the Papacy.

### Supporters

- [Sardinian Prime Minister](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Sardinia) [Vincenzo Gioberti](/source/Vincenzo_Gioberti)

- Sardinian Prime Minister [Cesare Balbo](/source/Cesare_Balbo) (briefly)

- [Papal Prime Minister](/source/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_the_Papal_States) [Pellegrino Rossi](/source/Pellegrino_Rossi)

- [Papal Foreign Affairs Minister](/source/Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs) [Terenzio Mamiani della Rovere](/source/Terenzio%2C_Count_Mamiani_della_Rovere)

- Writer [Alessandro Manzoni](/source/Alessandro_Manzoni)[8][9]

- Monsignor [Antonio Rosmini-Serbati](/source/Antonio_Rosmini-Serbati)

- Marquess [Gino Capponi](/source/Gino_Capponi)

- Physicist [Carlo Matteucci](/source/Carlo_Matteucci)

- Historian [Luigi Tosti](/source/Luigi_Tosti)

## Bibliography

- Anzilotti, Antonio (1917). [*Dal neoguelfismo all'idea liberale*](https://books.google.com/books?id=brlCAAAAIAAJ). Florence: Società Dante Alighieri.

- Momigliano, Felice (1922). "Gli albori del neoguelfismo in Piemonte". *Rivista d'Italia*. **25** (11): 265–272.

- [Scoppola, Pietro](/source/Pietro_Scoppola) (1963). [*Dal neoguelfismo alla democrazia cristiana*](https://books.google.com/books?id=-Zw0AAAAIAAJ). Rome: Studium.

- De Rosa, Gabriele (1964). "Le associazioni cattoliche dal neoguelfismo all'Unità". In Paolo Brezzi (ed.). *I cattolici dall'800 ad oggi*. Brescia: Morcelliana.

- Fontana, Sandro (1968). *La controrivoluzione cattolica in Italia: 1820-1830*. Brescia: Morcelliana.

- De Rosa, Gabriele (1970). "La crisi del neoguelfismo e la questione romana". *Studi Romani*. **18** (3): 285–297.

- Ghisalberti, Carlo (1999). "The unitary state and federalism in Italy". *Parliaments, Estates and Representation*. **19** (1): 173–181. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/02606755.1999.9522081](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02606755.1999.9522081).

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [*Tutto storia*](https://books.google.com/books?id=c6bNxs_7miwC). Novara: [De Agostini](/source/De_Agostini). 2011. p. 311. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788841864913](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788841864913).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Schiattone, Mario (1996). [*Alle origini del federalismo italiano*](https://books.google.com/books?id=9TykdLn5ozEC). Bari: Edizioni Dedalo. p. 76. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788822061805](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788822061805).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Fusilli, Raffaele (1969). [*Liberali, socialcomunisti e cattolici in lotta guelfa e ghibellina durante il fascismo, la monarchia e la repubblica: Saggio storico politico*](https://books.google.com/books?id=d_0NAQAAIAAJ).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Desidea, Bruno (2005). [*La lotta delle egemonie: movimento cattolico e Partito popolare nei Quaderni di Gramsci*](https://books.google.com/books?id=khSDAAAAMAAJ). Padua: Il Poligrafo. pp. 134–135. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788871153933](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788871153933).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [Tullio-Altan, Carlo](/source/Carlo_Tullio_Altan); Cartocci, Roberto (1997). [*La coscienza civile degli italiani: valori e disvalori nella storia nazionale*](https://books.google.com/books?id=DXVoAAAAMAAJ). Udine: Gaspari. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788886338110](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788886338110).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Tornielli, Andrea (2011). "Il Piemonte alla conquista di Roma". [*Pio IX*](https://books.google.com/books?id=oM4Mp8YhDDQC). Milan: Mondadori. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788852018701](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788852018701).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Treccani_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Treccani_7-1) ["Partito Moderato"](http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/partito-moderato/). Encilopedia Treccani.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** [Alessandro Manzoni](/source/Alessandro_Manzoni) (August 3, 2004). [*The Count of Carmagnola & Adelchis*](https://books.google.com/books?id=KAvK8z-hf7gC&dq=manzoni+neo+guelfo&pg=PA93). [JHU Press](/source/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press). p. 93. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780801878817](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801878817).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Stelio Cro (February–May 1988). "L'idealismo neo-guelfo e il teatro nazionale in Alessandro Manzoni". *Tetaro Contemporaneo* (in Italian).

## External links

- [Sardinia-Piedmont, Kingdom of, 1848-1849](http://www.cats.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/rz/sard.htm) A lecture

- Mansueto, Anthony (2005). ["The Political Significance of the Papacy, Historically and in the Present Period"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110301034821/http://moses.creighton.edu/JRS/2005/2005-3.html). *Journal of Religion and Society*. **7**. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1522-5658](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1522-5658). Archived from [the original](http://moses.creighton.edu/JRS/2005/2005-3.html) on 1 March 2011.

- 1911 Britannica article on [Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour](/source/Camillo_Benso%2C_conte_di_Cavour)

v t e Unification of Italy (Risorgimento) Pre-unitary states Kingdom of Sardinia (House of Savoy) Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia Papal States Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Parma Duchy of Modena and Reggio Timeline Rimini Proclamation Carbonari Revolutions during the 1820s Revolutions of 1830 Young Italy Neo-Guelphism Revolutions of 1848 Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states Republic of San Marco Roman Republic Quadrilatero First Italian War of Independence Five Days of Milan Sortie on Mestre Sicilian revolution of 1848 Ten Days of Brescia Belfiore martyrs Crimean War Plombières Agreement Second Italian War of Independence United Provinces of Central Italy Expedition of the Thousand Dictatorship of Garibaldi Siege of Gaeta (1860–1861) Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861 Roman Question Third Italian War of Independence Capture of Rome Law of Guarantees Italian entry into World War I Impresa di Fiume Symbols Cockade of Italy Flag of Italy Main leaders Massimo d'Azeglio Agostino Bertani Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour Celso Ceretti Federico Confalonieri Francesco Crispi Giuseppe Garibaldi Daniele Manin Giuseppe Mazzini Bettino Ricasoli Aurelio Saffi Annibale Santore di Santarosa Ruggero Settimo Victor Emmanuel II Literature and philosophy Giovanni Arrivabene Cesare Balbo Giosuè Carducci Carlo Cattaneo Felice Cavallotti Vincenzo Cuoco Giuseppe Ferrari Ugo Foscolo Vincenzo Gioberti Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi Giacomo Leopardi Francesco Lomonaco Goffredo Mameli Alessandro Manzoni Ippolito Nievo Silvio Pellico Carlo Pisacane Gian Domenico Romagnosi Antonio Rosmini Francesco Saverio Salfi Opponents Pope Pius IX Franz Joseph I of Austria Francis II of the Two Sicilies Klemens von Metternich Joseph Radetzky von Radetz Museums Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna) Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan) Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome) Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin) Tricolour Flag Museum National days Anniversary of the Unification of Italy National Unity and Armed Forces Day Other Altare della Patria Italian irredentism Italian nationalism Italian Romanticism Redshirts Revisionism of Risorgimento Southern question Third Rome

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