# Nemonoxacin
> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Nemonoxacin
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Nemonoxacin.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemonoxacin
> Source revision: 1344168920
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
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{{Chembox
| ImageFile = Nemonoxacin structure.svg
| ImageClass = skin-invert-image
| ImageSize = 220px
| PIN = 7-[(3''S'',5''S'')-3-Amino-5-methylpiperidin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-8-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
| OtherNames =
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 378746-64-6
| CASNo_Ref = {{Cascite|changed|CAS}}
| ChEBI = 136053
| ChEMBL = 1213456
| DrugBank = DB06600
| IUPHAR_ligand = 10836
| PubChem = 11993740
| ChemSpiderID = 10166207
| UNII = P94L0PVO94
| SMILES = C[C@H]1C[C@H](N)CN(C1)c2ccc3c(c2OC)n(C4CC4)cc(c3=O)C(=O)O
| InChI = 1/C20H25N3O4/c1-11-7-12(21)9-22(8-11)16-6-5-14-17(19(16)27-2)23(13-3-4-13)10-15(18(14)24)20(25)26/h5-6,10-13H,3-4,7-9,21H2,1-2H3,(H,25,26)/t11-,12-/m0/s1
| InChIKey = AVPQPGFLVZTJOR-RYUDHWBXBZ
| StdInChI = 1S/C20H25N3O4/c1-11-7-12(21)9-22(8-11)16-6-5-14-17(19(16)27-2)23(13-3-4-13)10-15(18(14)24)20(25)26/h5-6,10-13H,3-4,7-9,21H2,1-2H3,(H,25,26)/t11-,12-/m0/s1
| StdInChIKey = AVPQPGFLVZTJOR-RYUDHWBXSA-N
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=20 | H=25 | N=3 |O=4
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| Density =
| MeltingPt =
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility =
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|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
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|Section6={{Chembox Pharmacology
| ATCCode_prefix = J01
| ATCCode_suffix = MB08
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}}
'''Nemonoxacin''' is a non-fluorinated [quinolone](/source/Quinolone_antibiotic) [antibiotic](/source/antibiotic) undergoing clinical trials.[{{cite journal|pmid=22650326|year=2012|last1=Guo|first1=B|title=Safety and clinical pharmacokinetics of nemonoxacin, a novel non-fluorinated quinolone, in healthy Chinese volunteers following single and multiple oral doses|journal=Clinical Drug Investigation|volume=32|issue=7|pages=475–86|last2=Wu|first2=X|last3=Zhang|first3=Y|last4=Shi|first4=Y|last5=Yu|first5=J|last6=Cao|first6=G|last7=Zhang|first7=J|doi=10.2165/11632780-000000000-00000|s2cid=34452344}}] It has the same mechanism of action as fluouroquinolones; it inhibits [DNA gyrase](/source/DNA_gyrase), preventing DNA synthesis, gene duplication, and cell division. At the end of 2016, it had reached market in Taiwan, Russia, the Commonwealth Independent States, Turkey, mainland China,[{{cite web|url=http://www.news-medical.net/news/20151216/TaiGen-releases-Taigexyn-(nemonoxacin)-capsules-in-Taiwan.aspx|title=TaiGen releases Taigexyn (nemonoxacin) capsules in Taiwan|date=16 December 2015}}] and Latin America[{{cite press release|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/taigen-biotechnology-out-licenses-taigexyn-nemonoxacin-to-productos-cientificos-for-the-latin-american-market-300318179.html|title=TaiGen Biotechnology Out-Licenses Taigexyn® (Nemonoxacin) to Productos Científicos for the Latin American Market|first=TaiGen|last=Biotechnology}}] under the brand name '''Taigexyn'''. Nemonoxacin has completed phase 2 trials in the US and has moved on to phase 3 trials.[{{cite web|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02205112|title=A Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Infusion of Nemonoxacin in Treating CAP - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov|date=22 October 2021 }}] The U.S. [Food and Drug Administration](/source/Food_and_Drug_Administration) (FDA) has granted nemonoxacin [qualified infectious disease product](/source/qualified_infectious_disease_product) (QIDP) and [fast track](/source/Fast_track_(FDA)) designations for [community-acquired bacterial pneumonia](/source/community-acquired_bacterial_pneumonia) (CAP) and [acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infection](/source/acute_bacterial_skin_and_skin-structure_infection)s (ABSSSI).[{{cite web|url=http://www.news-medical.net/news/20131223/FDA-grants-QIDP-and-Fast-Track-designations-to-TaiGens-nemonoxacin.aspx|title=FDA grants QIDP and Fast Track designations to TaiGen's nemonoxacin|date=23 December 2013}}]
Nemonoxacin has a broad spectrum of activity against [Gram-positive](/source/Gram-positive_bacteria), [Gram-negative](/source/Gram-negative_bacteria), and atypical pathogens, including activity against [methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus''](/source/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus) (MRSA) (MIC90 1 μg/ml) and [vancomycin](/source/vancomycin)-resistant pathogens.[{{cite journal |vauthors=Lauderdale TL, Shiau YR, Lai JF, Chen HC, King CH | year = 2010 | title = Comparative in vitro activities of nemonoxacin (TG-873870), a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, and other quinolones against clinical isolates | journal = Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | volume = 54 | issue = 3| pages = 1338–1342 | doi=10.1128/aac.01197-09| pmid = 20065058 | pmc = 2825994}}][{{cite journal |vauthors=Adam HJ, Laing NM, King CR, Lulashnyk B, Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG | year = 2009 | title = In vitro activity of nemonoxacin, a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, against 2,440 clinical isolates | journal = Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | volume = 53 | issue = 11| pages = 4915–4920 | doi=10.1128/aac.00078-09| pmid = 19738018 | pmc = 2772340}}] However, it was less active against Gram-negative pathogens such as ''[Escherichia coli](/source/Escherichia_coli), [Proteus mirabilis](/source/Proteus_mirabilis)'', and ''[Pseudomonas aeruginosa](/source/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa)'', with MIC90 values of 32, 16, and 32 μg/ml, respectively.[{{cite journal |vauthors=van Rensburg DJ, Perng RP, Mitha IH, Bester AJ, Kasumba J, Wu RG, Ho ML, Chang LW, Chung DT, Chang YT, King CH, Hsu MC | year = 2010 | title = Efficacy and safety of nemonoxacin versus levofloxacin for community-acquired pneumonia | journal = Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | volume = 54 | issue = 10| pages = 4098–4106 | doi=10.1128/aac.00295-10| pmid = 20660689 | pmc = 2944601}}] The new drug also is effective against ''[C.difficile](/source/Clostridioides_difficile_(bacteria))'' isolates that are resistant to other quinolones,[{{cite journal |pmc=3393409|year=2012|last1=Liao|first1=C. H.|title=Characterizations of Clinical Isolates of Clostridium difficile by Toxin Genotypes and by Susceptibility to 12 Antimicrobial Agents, Including Fidaxomicin (OPT-80) and Rifaximin: A Multicenter Study in Taiwan|journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy|volume=56|issue=7|pages=3943–3949|last2=Ko|first2=W. C.|last3=Lu|first3=J. J.|last4=Hsueh|first4=P. R.|doi=10.1128/AAC.00191-12|pmid=22508299}}] and is more potent than [levofloxacin](/source/levofloxacin) or [moxifloxacin](/source/moxifloxacin).[{{cite journal |pmc=3697386|year=2013|last1=Liang|first1=W|title=Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Nemonoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in Vitro Infection Model|journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy|volume=57|issue=7|pages=2942–2947|last2=Chen|first2=Y. C.|last3=Cao|first3=Y. R.|last4=Liu|first4=X. F.|last5=Huang|first5=J|last6=Hu|first6=J. L.|last7=Zhao|first7=M|last8=Guo|first8=Q. L.|last9=Zhang|first9=S. J.|last10=Wu|first10=X. J.|last11=Zhu|first11=D. M.|last12=Zhang|first12=Y. Y.|last13=Zhang|first13=J|doi=10.1128/AAC.01098-12|pmid=23587953}}]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{QuinoloneAntiBiotics}}
Category:Cyclopropyl compounds
Category:Piperidines
Category:Quinolone antibiotics
Category:Carboxylic acids
Category:Phenol ethers
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Nemonoxacin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemonoxacin) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemonoxacin?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.