# Nelli Neumann > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Nelli_Neumann > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Nelli_Neumann.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelli_Neumann > Source revision: 1343288069 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{short description|German mathematician}} {{Infobox scientist | name=Nelli Neumann | native_name= | native_name_lang= | image= | image_size= | caption= | birth_name= | birth_date={{birth date|1886|01|03|df=y}} | birth_place=[Breslau](/source/Wroc%C5%82aw), [Silesia](/source/Province_of_Silesia), [Prussia](/source/Kingdom_of_Prussia) | death_date={{death-date and age|July 1942|3 January 1886}} | death_place=[Minsk Ghetto](/source/Minsk_Ghetto), [Byelorussia](/source/German_occupation_of_Byelorussia_during_World_War_II) | nationality= | resting_place= | fields=[Synthetic geometry](/source/Synthetic_geometry) | workplaces= | alma_mater=[University of Breslau](/source/University_of_Wroc%C5%82aw) | thesis_title=Über das Flächennetz 2. Ordnung und seine korrelative Beziehung auf einen Strahlenbündel | thesis_url= | thesis_year=1909 | doctoral_advisor=[Rudolf Sturm](/source/Friedrich_Otto_Rudolf_Sturm) }} '''Nelli Neumann''' (3 January 1886 – July 1942) was a [German](/source/Germans) [mathematician](/source/mathematician) who worked in [synthetic geometry.](/source/synthetic_geometry) She was one of the first women to obtain a doctorate in mathematics at a German university.{{r|jewishwomen}} ==Biography== [[File:Nelli Neumann.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''[Stolperstein](/source/Stolperstein)'' in [Essen](/source/Essen) dedicated to Neumann.]] Nelli Neumann was born in [Breslau](/source/Wroc%C5%82aw), [Prussia](/source/Kingdom_of_Prussia), the only child of [Jewish](/source/Jews) parents Max and Sophie Neumann. Her father was a [judicial officer](/source/judicial_officer), while her mother died when she was only two years old.{{r|jewishwomen}} After ten years in the private [Höhere Töchterschule](/source/H%C3%B6here_T%C3%B6chterschule) in Breslau, Neumann attended grammar courses and graduated from the König-Wilhelm-Gymnasium [boys' school](/source/Single-sex_education) in 1905.{{r|jewishwomen}} Her father promoted her mathematical talent by arranging private mathematics lessons given by [Richard Courant](/source/Richard_Courant). The two went on to study together at the [Universities of Breslau](/source/University_of_Wroc%C5%82aw) and [Zürich](/source/University_of_Z%C3%BCrich). Neumann would return to Breslau for her doctorate, for which she completed her thesis in 1909 under the supervision of [Rudolf Sturm](/source/Friedrich_Otto_Rudolf_Sturm).{{r|mgp}} After Courant received his [post-doctoral degree](/source/post-doctoral_degree) at [Göttingen University](/source/University_of_G%C3%B6ttingen), they married in the summer of 1912.{{r|yadvashem}} Turning down a post-doctoral position at the University of Breslau, Neumann then took courses that qualified her to become a secondary school teacher. She also worked in the career counselling centre for female students at Göttingen, which had been set up by the Frauenbildung-Frauenstudium association.{{r|yadvashem}} Nelli's marriage became increasingly difficult, and she and Courant divorced on 16 February 1916. After the First World War, she moved to [Essen](/source/Essen), where she taught mathematics, physics, and chemistry at the {{ill|lt=Luisenschule|Luisenschule (Essen)|de|Luisenschule Essen}}.{{r|yadvashem}} Soon after the [Nazi](/source/Nazi)s took power, on 27 September 1933, she lost her position under the [Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service](/source/Law_for_the_Restoration_of_the_Professional_Civil_Service).{{cite book|title=A Richer Picture of Mathematics: The Göttingen Tradition and Beyond|first=David E.|last=Rowe|author-link=David E. Rowe|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-67819-1|doi=10.1007/978-3-319-67819-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZRBMDwAAQBAJ|year=2018|page=345}} She was deported to the [Minsk Ghetto](/source/Minsk_Ghetto) on 10 November 1941 and was executed there the following year.{{r|yadvashem_2}} ==References== {{Reflist|refs= {{cite archive|author=[German Federal Archives](/source/German_Federal_Archives)|item=Nelli Neumann|item-url=https://yvng.yadvashem.org/nameDetails.html?language=en&itemId=11601036|item-id=11601036|collection=Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany, 1933–1945|repository=Yad Vashem Documents Archive|institution=[Yad Vashem](/source/Yad_Vashem)|location=Jerusalem|language=de}} {{cite encyclopedia|last=Tobies|first=Renate|authorlink= Renate Tobies |title=Nelly Neumann|encyclopedia=Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia|date=1 March 2009|publisher=Jewish Women's Archive|url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/neumann-nelly|access-date=10 August 2018}} {{cite archive|item=Nelli Neumann|item-url=https://yvng.yadvashem.org/nameDetails.html?language=en&itemId=7730166|type= |item-id=7730166|date=1989|page= |pages= |fonds=|series=|file=|box= |collection=Lists and Documentation of Perished and Persecuted Collection|collection-url= |repository=Yad Vashem Documents Archive|institution=[Yad Vashem](/source/Yad_Vashem)|location=Jerusalem|language=de|oclc= |accession= }} {{cite web|title=Nelly Neumann|url=https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=54624|website=Mathematics Genealogy Project|access-date=10 August 2018}} }} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neumann, Nelli}} Category:1886 births Category:1942 deaths Category:20th-century German mathematicians Category:German geometers Category:German Jews who died in the Holocaust Category:German people who died in the Holocaust Category:Jewish German scientists Category:Jewish women scientists Category:German women mathematicians Category:Minsk Ghetto inmates Category:Scientists from Wrocław Category:20th-century German women Category:University of Breslau alumni --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Nelli Neumann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelli_Neumann) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelli_Neumann?action=history)). 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