# Negrine

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**Negrine** is a town and [commune](/source/Communes_of_Algeria) in [Tébessa Province](/source/T%C3%A9bessa_Province) in north-eastern [Algeria](/source/Algeria).[1] It was the site of ancient **Casae Nigrae**, a settlement of Roman North Africa with an attached bishopric that remains a Latin Catholic [titular see](/source/Titular_see).

## Geography

Negrine is located in the [Negrine District](/source/Negrine_District) of the sahara of Tébessa Province, NE Algeria. It is north of the [Chott el Ghasa](/source/Chott_el_Ghasa), near the borders of [Tunisian](/source/Tunisia) border and has an elevation of 321 metres (1,053 ft) above [sea level](/source/Sea_level).[2]

The village population was 9445 inhabitants in 2008. The landscape is generally arid and the topography is generally flat, interspersed with long low [mesas](/source/Mesa) transecting the countryside.

Average annual rainfall is between 5 and 20 millimetres (0.20 and 0.79 in) with the winter being the main wet season. Average temperatures range from 7 °C (45 °F) in winter to 40 °C (104 °F) in July.[3]

## History

During prehistoric times Negrine was within the [Capsian](/source/Capsian) cultural area, which lasted from c. 8500 BC to 5400 BC.[4] [Snail shells](/source/Snail_shell) and piles of [ash](/source/Ash) which include mixed tools and kitchen refuse are some of the defining cultural elements of the Capsian culture, as well as engraved [ostrich](/source/Ostrich) eggs.[5][6][7]

Negrine was known as Casae Nigrae during the time of the [Roman](/source/Roman_Empire), [Byzantine](/source/Byzantine) and [Vandal](/source/Vandal_Kingdom) empires (30 BC – AD 640). It was located in the province of [Numidia](/source/Numidia), North Africa. Casae Nigrae was also known as **Nigrenses Maiores** during this period.[8] There are extensive Roman ruins in the desert between Negrine and [Tebessa](/source/T%C3%A9bessa), Algeria.[9]

The area was incorporated into the [Maghreb](/source/Maghreb) in the 7th century and today the area is home to the [Nemencha](/source/Nemencha), a tribe of [Berber](/source/Berbers) extraction.[10][11][12]

## Ecclesiastical history

The town was the seat of one of many [suffragan bishoprics](/source/Suffragan_bishopric) in [Numidia](/source/Numidia) during Roman and Vandal times. It was the birthplace of [Donatus Magnus](/source/Donatus_Magnus), the founder and namesake of the [Donatist Church](/source/Donatists), and the Donatist movement was influential in the town. Christian influence, however, effectively ended after the Muslim conquest of the 640s AD.[13]

Known residential bishops include :

- Donatus the Great (fl. 311–312), founder of the schismatic heretical [Donatist](/source/Donatist) movement[14][15][16][17]
- Ianvarianus (fl. 394–411), a Donatist bishop[18][19]
- Felix (fl. 484), a Catholic bishop[20]

### Titular see

In 1933 the diocese was nominally restored as a Latin [Titular bishopric](/source/Titular_bishopric) in the [Roman Catholic Church](/source/Roman_Catholic_Church), named **Casæ nigræ** (Latin) / **Case nere** (Curiate Italian).

It has had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank:[21]

- Francis Costantin Mazzieri [Conventual Friars Minor](/source/Conventual_Friars_Minor) (O.F.M. Conv.) (26 Nov. 1965 – retired 14 Dec. 1970),[22] on emeritate as former only [Apostolic Prefect](/source/Apostolic_Prefect) of [Ndola](/source/Apostolic_Prefecture_of_Ndola) ([Zambia](/source/Zambia)) (1938 – 1949.01.13), promoted only [Apostolic Vicar](/source/Apostolic_Vicar) of [Ndola](/source/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Ndola) (1949.01.13 – 1959.04.25) and Titular Bishop of [Cœliana](/source/A%C3%AFn_Tine) (1949.01.13 – 1959.04.25), again promoted first Suffragan Bishop of [Ndola](/source/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ndola) (1959.04.25 – 1965.11.26); died 1983
- Michael Patrick Olatunji Fagun (28 June 1971 – 30 July 1972) as [Auxiliary Bishop](/source/Auxiliary_Bishop) of [Ondo](/source/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ondo) (Nigeria) (1971.06.28 – 1972.07.30); later only Bishop of [Ado-Ekiti](/source/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ado-Ekiti) ([Nigeria](/source/Nigeria)) (1972.07.30 – 1972.12.11), restyled first Bishop of [Ekiti](/source/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ekiti) (Nigeria) (1972.12.11 – retired 2010.04.17)
- [Heriberto Correa Yepes](/source/Heriberto_Correa_Yepes), [Yarumal Society for the Foreign Missions](/source/Yarumal_Society_for_the_Foreign_Missions) (M.X.Y.)(29 Jan. 1973 – death 9 Sept. 2010) as Apostolic Vicar of [Buenaventura](/source/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Buenaventura) ([Colombia](/source/Colombia)) (1973.01.29 – 1996.11.30) and on emeritate; previously Apostolic Prefect of [Mitú](/source/Apostolic_Prefecture_of_Mit%C3%BA) (Colombia) (1953.03.27 – 1967)
- [José Carlos Chacorowski](/source/Jos%C3%A9_Carlos_Chacorowski), [Lazarists](/source/Lazarists) (C.M.) (22 Dec. 2010 – 19 June 2013),[23][24] as Auxiliary Bishop of [São Luís do Maranhão](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_S%C3%A3o_Lu%C3%ADs_do_Maranh%C3%A3o) (Brazil) (2010.12.22 – 2013.06.19); later Bishop of [Caraguatatuba](/source/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Caraguatatuba) (Brazil) (2013.06.19 – ...)
- [Robert Anthony Llanos](/source/Robert_Anthony_Llanos) (13 July 2013 – ...)[25] as Auxiliary Bishop of [Port of Spain](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Port_of_Spain) ([Trinidad and Tobago](/source/Trinidad_and_Tobago)) (2013.07.13 – ...); also [Apostolic Administrator](/source/Apostolic_Administrator) of [Saint John’s–Basseterre](/source/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Saint_John's%E2%80%93Basseterre) ([Antigua and Barbuda](/source/Antigua_and_Barbuda)) (2016.04.29 – ...).

## See also

- [List of Catholic dioceses in Algeria](/source/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_Algeria)

## References

1. ["Communes of Algeria"](http://www.statoids.com/ydz.html). Statoids. Retrieved December 12, 2010.

1. [Elevation of Negrine, Algeria Elevation Map, Topo, Contour](http://www.floodmap.net/Elevation/ElevationMap/?gi=2486265).

1. [Negrine Monthly Climate Average, Algeria](http://www.worldweatheronline.com/negrine-weather-averages/annaba/dz.aspx).

1. G. Camps, « Escargotières », dans *Encyclopédie berbère*, Aix-en-Provence, Edisud, 1997 (lire en ligne), pp. 2683–2691.

1. Simone Mulazzani (dir.), « Le Capsien de Hergla (Tunisie). Culture, Environment et économie ». Reports in *African Archaeology* 4. Frankfurt M., 2013, Africa Magna Verlag.

1. J. de Morgan, Dr Capitan et P. Baudry, « Étude sur les stations préhistoriques du Sud Tunisien », *Revue mensuelle de l'École d'anthropologie de Paris*, vol. 10, 1910, pp. 105–136 p105.

1. E. Gobert, « Recherches sur le Capsien (lre série) », *Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France*, vol. 7, no 11, 1910, pp. 595–604.

1. Fentress, E., R. Warner, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies. "Places: 334514 (Casae Nigrae)". Pleiades. <[http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/334514](http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/334514)> [Accessed: February 19, 2016]

1. ["Roman ruins in the desert between Negrine and Tebessa, Algeria. Roman..."](http://www.gettyimages.com.au/detail/photo/roman-ruins-in-desert-between-negrine-and-high-res-stock-photography/568565997). *Getty Images*. Retrieved 2018-02-01.

1. Paul Gaffarel, Algérie: histoire, conquête et colonisation, (SERRE EDITEUR, 2004).

1. Ernest Carette, Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie. 3, Recherches sur l'origine et les migrations des principales tribus de l'Afrique septentrionale et particulièrement de l'Algérie / par E. Carette,..., Imprimerie Impériale (Paris), 1er janvier 1853.

1. Camps et A. Martel, Fraichich, Éditions Peeters, 1er février 1998, lire en ligne, pp. 2930–2933.

1. David M. Cheney [Casae Nigrae](http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d2c58.html) at catholic-hierarchy.org.

1. Henri Irénée Marrou, André Mandouze, [Anne-Marie La Bonnardière](/source/Anne-Marie_La_Bonnardi%C3%A8re), *Prosopographie de l'Afrique chrétienne (303–533)* p295.

1. Wace, Henry, [*Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature*](https://books.google.com/books?id=jxxNCgAAQBAJ&q=Casae+Nigrae&pg=PT879) (Delmarva Publications, Inc., 1911)

1. Charles Joseph Hefele, *A History of the Councils of the Church: from the Original Documents, to the close of the [Second Council of Nicaea](/source/Second_Council_of_Nicaea) A.D. 787* (Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1 Feb. 2007 ) [p179](https://books.google.com/books?id=6_VJAwAAQBAJ&q=Casae&pg=PA176).

1. Claude Fleury, John Henry Newman, *The Ecclesiastical History of M. L'abbé Fleury: From the Second Ecumenical Council to the End of the Fourth Century* (John Henry Parker, 1842) [p250](https://books.google.com/books?id=vVsAAAAAMAAJ&q=Casae&pg=PA328).

1. Henri Irénée Marrou, André Mandouze, Anne-Marie La Bonnardière, *Prosopographie de l'Afrique chrétienne (303–533)* p. 579.

1. [Saint](/source/Saint) [Augustine](/source/Augustine_of_Hippo), Letters, Volume 2 (83–130) (The Fathers of the Church, Volume 18) [letter 88](https://books.google.com/books?id=DakMOPqQiwsC&q=Casae&pg=PA25).

1. Henri Irénée Marrou, André Mandouze, Anne-Marie La Bonnardière, *Prosopographie de l'Afrique chrétienne (303–533)* p 435.

1. [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/ndol0.htm#11465](http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/ndol0.htm#11465) GCatholic

1. Revue des Ordinations Épiscopales, Issue 1949, Number 9

1. Le Petit Episcopologe, Issue 205, Number 16,953

1. Bollettino, 22 Dec 2010

1. Le Petit Episcopologe, Issue 215, Number 17,868.

## Sources and external links

- [GCatholic- (former and) titular bishopric](http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t0420.htm)
- [Digital Atlas of the Roman Empire](http://imperium.ahlfeldt.se/places/36548.html)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Negrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negrine) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negrine?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.