# Nedroma

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{{For|the genus of moth|Nedroma (moth)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nedroma
| native_name =ندرومة
| native_name_lang = ar
| settlement_type = City
|image_map              = {{multiple image
| border            = infobox
| perrow            = 1/3/2/1
| total_width       = 260
| align             = center
| caption_align     = center
| image1            = Hammam Bali à Nedroma حمام البالي بندرومة.jpg
| image2            = Abdalmumin ben ali nedroma statue.jpg
| image3            = Grande Mosquée NEDROMA 04.jpg
| image4            = Mosquée des Gueddarines 04.jpg
| image5            = Rempart de la Casbah NEDROMA 03.jpg
| image6            = Le babouche.jpg
}}
|mapsize                = 
|map_caption            =
| pushpin_map = Algeria
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| coordinates            = {{coord|35|0|42|N|01|44|56|W|region:DZ|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Algeria
| subdivision_type1 = [Province](/source/Provinces_of_Algeria)
| subdivision_name1 = [Tlemcen](/source/Tlemcen_Province)
| subdivision_type2 = [District](/source/Districts_of_Algeria)
| subdivision_name2 = [Nedroma](/source/Nedroma_District)
| area_total_km2 = 14
| elevation_m = 
| population_as_of = 2008 census
| population_total = 32,398
| population_density_km2 = auto
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code =13600
|timezone               = [CET](/source/Central_European_Time) 
|utc_offset             =  +1
| website = 
}}
'''Nedroma''' ({{langx|ar|ندرومة}}) is a city in [Tlemcen Province](/source/Tlemcen_Province), in northwestern [Algeria](/source/Algeria), about  {{convert|77|km}} from [Tlemcen](/source/Tlemcen).  Once the capital of [Trara](/source/Trara), it was built on the ruins of a [Berber](/source/Berber_people) town by [Abd al-Mu'min](/source/Abd_al-Mu'min) the [Almohad](/source/Almohad) caliph. It has a great Islamic history, with its [Great Mosque of Nedroma](/source/Great_Mosque_of_Nedroma) once containing the earliest surviving [Almoravid](/source/Almoravid) minbar. Nedroma became a
[UNESCO](/source/UNESCO) [World Heritage](/source/World_Heritage) in 2002 for its cultural importance.

==History==
Many families of [Andalusian](/source/Andalusians) and [Moorish](/source/Moors) origin sought refuge in this city during the [Reconquista](/source/Reconquista).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-15 |title=Reconquista: How the Christian Kingdoms Took Spain from the Moors |url=https://www.thecollector.com/reconquista-christian-reconquest-of-spain/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=TheCollector |language=en}}</ref>

In the book [Al-Istibsar fi 'agaib al-Amsar](/source/Al-Istibsar_fi_'agaib_al-Amsar), written in the late 12th century, the author described Nedroma as: "A beautiful city with abundant crops and fruits, and its prices are inexpensive. It has fertile plains and many farms. The city is about 10 miles from the sea. On its coast, there is a flowing river rich in fruit-bearing trees. It also has a safe and well-frequented harbor."<ref>كتاب الاستبصار في عجائب الأمصار، لكاتب مراكشي من كتاب القرن السادس الهجري،  نشر وتعليق: سعد زغلول عبد الحميد.  الدار البيضاء، دار النشر المغربية 1985</ref>

At the beginning of the 16th century, Nedroma became an important textile<ref>{{Cite book |last=Côte |first=Marc |title=Guide d'Algérie: paysages et patrimoine |date=1996 |publisher=media-plus |isbn=978-9961-922-00-2 |location=Algérie}}</ref> center, specializing in cotton wovens and blankets. Nedroma, although far from [Algiers](/source/Algiers), was an administrative center of the [Trara](/source/Trara_Mountains),<ref>{{Cite web |last=mondial |first=UNESCO Centre du patrimoine |title=Nedroma et les Trara |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/listesindicatives/1774/ |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=UNESCO Centre du patrimoine mondial |language=fr}}</ref> extending its influence to neighboring towns. The [Andalusian](/source/Andalusians) influence is also due to the second wave of [Morisco](/source/Morisco) refugees from Spain, following the decree of [Expulsion of the Moriscos](/source/Expulsion_of_the_Moriscos)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Expulsion of the Muslims from Spain |url=http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/europe-on-the-road/forced-ethnic-migration/luis-fernando-bernabe-pons-expulsion-of-the-muslims-from-spain |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=EGO(http://www.ieg-ego.eu) |language=de}}</ref> in 1609.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Expulsion of the Moriscos, 1609–1614 {{!}} History Today |url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/expulsion-moriscos-1609-1614 |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=www.historytoday.com}}</ref> Spanish-Arab philologist Guillermo Rittwagen described the city as having maintained its Andalusian heritage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Culture et traditions de Nedroma |url=http://nedroma.free.fr/contenu_culture_trad.htm |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=nedroma.free.fr}}</ref>

At the beginning of the 19th century, it had 2,500 to 3,000 inhabitants,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Benkada |first=Saddek |title=Oran 1732–1912: essai d'analyse de la transition historique d' une ville algérienne vers la modernité urbaine |date=2019 |publisher=Éditions CRASC |isbn=978-9931-598-22-0 |location=Réghaia, Alger}}</ref> it was among the small towns of precolonial Algeria<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gallissot |first=René |date=November 1975 |title=Precolonial Algeria<sup>∗</sup> |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085147500000012 |journal=Economy and Society |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=418–445 |doi=10.1080/03085147500000012 |issn=0308-5147|url-access=subscription }}</ref> like [Kalaa](/source/Kalaa) and  [Mazouna](/source/Mazouna). Its population is made up notably of exiles from Spain and a minority of [Jews](/source/History_of_the_Jews_in_Algeria)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trevisan |first=Emanuela |date=2012-11-01 |title=Memory and Forgetting among Jews from the Arab-Muslim Countries. Contested Narratives of a Shared Past |url=https://www.quest-cdecjournal.it/memory-and-forgetting-among-jews-from-the-arab-muslim-countries/ |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History |language=en-US}}</ref>

Once the capital of [Trara](/source/Trara_Mountains), it was built on the ruins of a [Berber](/source/Berber_people) town by [Abd al-Mu'min](/source/Abd_al-Mu'min) the [Almohad](/source/Almohad) caliph, who himself was a native of the neighboring mountains.<ref name="whc.unesco.org">{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1774/|title= Nedroma et les Trara |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=French|accessdate=15 October 2016}}</ref> the town has a great history of Islam.<ref name="Ageron1991">{{cite book|last=Ageron|first=Charles Robert|title=Modern Algeria: A History from 1830 to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qQwf8Zom3RAC&pg=PA77|year=1991|publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers|isbn=978-1-85065-027-0|page=77}}</ref> The earliest surviving Almoravid minbar, dated to around A.H. 479, once belonged to the Great Mosque of Nedroma. It is now on display in the [National Museum of Antiquities and Islamic Art](/source/National_Museum_of_Antiquities_and_Islamic_Art) in Algiers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dodds|first=Jerrilynn Denise|title=Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lLAryx8bC8UC&pg=PA364|date=January 1992|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=978-0-87099-636-8|page=364}}</ref> In the 1930s [Ulama](/source/Ulama) organizations, particularly the Boy Scouts sprang up in Nedroma and other ancient cities of the interior such as [Tlemcen](/source/Tlemcen) and [Constantine](/source/Constantine%2C_Algeria).<ref name="StoraTodd2004">{{cite book|last1=Stora|first1=Benjamin|last2=Todd|first2=Jane Marie|title=Algeria, 1830–2000: A Short History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x_-5XTVKW08C&pg=PA17|year=2004|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=0-8014-8916-4|page=17}}</ref>

Riots broke out in the town on 15 October 1953, killing one person and injuring several. 26 were convicted.<ref name="Holland2012">{{cite book|last=Holland|first=R. F|title=Emergencies and Disorder in the European Empires After 1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-vWgeCswIrQC&pg=PA24|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-29725-0|page=24}}</ref>

Nedroma was added to the [UNESCO](/source/UNESCO) [World Heritage](/source/World_Heritage) Tentative List on December 30, 2002, in the Cultural category.<ref name="whc.unesco.org"/>

==Geography==
Nedroma is situated to the north of the [Trara Hills](/source/Trara_Hills), {{convert|77|km}} from [Tlemcen](/source/Tlemcen), and about {{convert|340|km}} west of [Algiers](/source/Algiers).<ref name="Oakes2008">{{cite book|last=Oakes|first=Jonathan|title=Algeria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vyg7ViBs4JAC&pg=PA149|year=2008|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-232-3|page=149}}</ref> The N99 highway passes south–north through the town, connecting it to [Maghnia](/source/Maghnia) in the south and [Ghazaouet](/source/Ghazaouet) on the coast. The W100 road leads to [El Houanet](/source/El_Houanet) in the southwest, and the W38 road leads to [Aïn Kebira](/source/A%C3%AFn_Kebira) and Bentalha in the northeast.<ref name="GM">{{Google maps | url = https://www.google.com/maps/@35.0102882,-1.7432806,14396m/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=en | accessdate =15 October 2016}}</ref>

==Landmarks==
Nedroma contains [the Great Mosque of Nedroma](/source/Great_Mosque_of_Nedroma) (Sidi Yahia Mosque) and the Nedroma Hospital in the northern outskirts along the N99.<ref name="GM"/> Baked brick is a common building material in the town.<ref name="Petersen2002">{{cite book|last=Petersen|first=Andrew|title=Dictionary of Islamic Architecture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9A-EAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|date=11 March 2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-61365-6|page=13}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Portal|Algeria}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|35|N|1.7333333|W|display=title}}
{{Nedroma}}
{{Tlemcen Province}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:Communes of Tlemcen Province
Category:Nedroma

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Nedroma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nedroma) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nedroma?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.