# Near net shape

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{{More sources needed|date=December 2009}}

'''Near-net-shape''' is an industrial manufacturing technique. As the name implies, the initial production of the item is very close to the final, or ''net'', shape.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Steel Castings {{!}} What is Near Net Shape Manufacturing? |url=https://www.ferralloy.com/post/steel-castings-near-net-shape |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.ferralloy.com |date=29 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref> This reduces the need for [surface finishing](/source/surface_finishing). By minimizing the use of finishing methods like [machining](/source/machining) or [grinding](/source/Grinding_(abrasive_cutting)), near-net-shape production eliminates more than two-thirds of the production costs in some industries.

==Processes==
The following are various near-net-shape processes categorized by material.

===Ceramics===
*[Gelcasting](/source/Gelcasting)
*[Ceramic injection molding](/source/Ceramic_injection_molding)
*[Spray forming](/source/Spray_forming)
*Structural [ceramic](/source/ceramic) production

===Composites===
*[Lanxide process](/source/Lanxide_process)

===Plastics===
*[Injection moulding](/source/Injection_moulding)
*[Rapid prototyping](/source/Rapid_prototyping)

===Metals===
*[Casting](/source/Casting){{citation needed|date=January 2011}}
**[Permanent mold casting](/source/Permanent_mold_casting){{citation needed|date=January 2011}}
*[Powder metallurgy](/source/Powder_metallurgy)
*[Linear friction welding](/source/Linear_friction_welding){{citation needed|date=January 2011}}
*[Friction welding](/source/Friction_welding){{citation needed|date=January 2011}}
*[Metal injection molding](/source/Metal_injection_molding)
*[Rapid prototyping](/source/Rapid_prototyping)
*[Spray forming](/source/Spray_forming)
*[Superplastic forming](/source/Superplastic_forming)
*[Cold forming](/source/Cold_forming)
*[Semi-solid metal casting](/source/Semi-solid_metal_casting)
*[Photochemical machining](/source/Photochemical_machining)
*[Hot isostatic pressing](/source/Hot_isostatic_pressing)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

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Category:Metalworking terminology
Category:Plastics industry

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Near net shape](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_net_shape) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_net_shape?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.