# Navistar VT engine

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Reciprocating internal combustion engine

VT Engine 6.4 L Powerstroke as seen in a Ford Super Duty Overview Manufacturer International Truck and Engine Corp., a Division of Navistar International Corporation Also called Power Stroke, MaxxForce 7 Production 2003–2016 Layout Configuration 90° V8, V6 Displacement 272 cu in (4.5 L) 363 cu in (5.9 L) 389 cu in (6.4 L)[1] Cylinder bore 95 mm (3.74 in) 98.2 mm (3.87 in)[1] Piston stroke 105 mm (4.13 in)[1] Cylinder block material Cast Iron (VT365) Compacted graphite iron (MaxxForce 7) Valvetrain OHV 4 valves x cylinder Combustion Turbocharger Variable-geometry Sequential twin-turbo Series Sequential Dual compound Fuel system HEUI, common rail direct injection Fuel type Diesel Cooling system Water-cooled Output Power output 200–350 hp (149–261 kW) Torque output 440–660 lb⋅ft (597–895 N⋅m) Emissions Emissions target standard 2007 EPA Chronology Predecessor International T444E

The **Navistar VT** engine family is a line of diesel engines that was produced by International Truck and Engine ([Navistar International](/source/Navistar_International)) from 2003 to 2016. Developed as the replacement for the [T444E](/source/Navistar_T444E_engine) V8, the VT V6 and V8 diesels were the smallest diesel engines used in Navistar vehicles, slotted below the [DT](/source/Navistar_DT_engine) inline-6 engine family. Sharing many applications with the DT466 inline-6, the VT engines were used in medium-duty trucks and [school bus](/source/School_bus) chassis, competing against the [Cummins B-series](/source/Cummins_B_Series_engine) and the Mercedes-Benz MBE900 diesel engines. In 2007, both the VT and DT engines were rebranded under the *MaxxForce* brand name, with model designations related to their displacement.

From 2003 to 2010, VT engines were used by Ford Motor Company in several vehicles, sold as the second and third generations of the [Ford Power Stroke](/source/Ford_Power_Stroke_engine) diesel engine family. The [Ford E-Series](/source/Ford_E-Series) continued to use the VT365 until the end of 2010. For 2011 production, the Power Stroke diesel shifted to a Ford-produced design.

After 2016, Navistar ended production of both VT and DT-derived MaxxForce diesel engines, making the VT the final V-configuration engine produced by International. In medium-duty vehicles, the Cummins ISB6.7 diesel served as its replacement.

## Variants

### VT365

The VT365, also known as the 6.0 L PowerStroke in 2003-2007 [model year](/source/Model_year) [Ford Super Duty trucks](/source/Ford_Super_Duty) and 2003-2010 model year [Ford E-Series vans/chassis cabs](/source/Ford_E-Series), is a 32-valve [pushrod](/source/Pushrod_engine) V8. Bore and stroke is 95 mm × 105 mm (3.74 in × 4.13 in). Output was 325 hp (242 kW) at 3300 rpm and 560 lb⋅ft (759 N⋅m) at 2000 rpm, but as of 2005 that was increased to 570 lb⋅ft (773 N⋅m) at 2000 rpm. It also uses a 2nd generation (G-2) HEUI (Hydraulic-Electronic [Unit injector](/source/Unit_injector)) [direct injection](/source/Fuel_injection#Direct_injection_systems) fuel system, as well as a [variable-geometry turbocharger](/source/Variable-geometry_turbocharger), which is designed to reduce [turbo lag](/source/Turbo_lag) and create better throttle response.

An optional *TorqShift* 5-speed [automatic transmission](/source/Automatic_transmission) is available for Ford trucks. This special transmission gives improved performance to the engine and features a tow/haul mode to replace the "Overdrive Off" function on the previous 4-speed automatic.[2]

### VT275

A variant of the VT365 is the **VT275** 4.5 L V-6, which is basically a 6.0 L V-8 with two fewer cylinders. However, it uses a [sequential twin-turbocharger](/source/Twin-turbo#Sequential_turbocharging) system, instead of the single variable-geometry turbocharger used in the VT365. The crankshaft utilizes a 30° split-pin design to create even 120° firing intervals. In addition, a counter rotating balancer shaft which runs through the hollow camshaft within the vee of the engine is used to compensate for first order moments of inertia inherent to the 90° V6 configuration. It is used in the 2006 [Ford LCF](/source/Ford_LCF) (Low Cab Forward) and International CF (Cab Forward) (later CityStar) series trucks. It produces 200 hp (149 kW) and 440 lb⋅ft (597 N⋅m) of torque and is backed by a Ford TorqShift 5 speed automatic.

For the 2007 model year, the VT275 was brought up to 2007 [EPA](/source/EPA) [emission standards](/source/Emission_standard) and renamed the **MaxxForce 5**.

It has since been discontinued for the 2010 model year.

### MaxxForce 7

The MaxxForce 7, also known as the 6.4 L PowerStroke in 2008-2010 model year [Ford Super Duty trucks](/source/Ford_Super_Duty), is a 6.4 L [turbo-diesel](/source/Turbo-diesel) V8 engine. The engine has a sequential turbocharger system, utilizing a high pressure and low pressure turbo, with only the high pressure turbo being a [VGT (variable geometry turbo)](/source/Variable-geometry_turbocharger). The engine also uses a high pressure [common rail](/source/Common_rail) fuel injection system.[3] It produces 350 hp (261 kW) at 3000 rpm and 650 lb⋅ft (881 N⋅m) of torque at 2000 rpm in Ford truck applications.[3]

This engine is also used in International trucks and buses. However, the EPA2007 MaxxForce 7 does not use the compound turbocharger system; rather, it uses a single stage variable vane turbocharger. Displacement and injector systems are the same as the Ford branded Power Stroke. In MaxxForce 7 guise, the engine produces between 200–230 hp (149–172 kW) and 580–620 lb⋅ft (786–841 N⋅m) of torque.[4]

For the 2010 model year, Navistar upgraded the MaxxForce 7 with [dual compound](/source/Dual_compound) turbochargers, giving it a new power range at 220–300 hp (164–224 kW) at 2600 rpm and 520–660 lb⋅ft (705–895 N⋅m) of torque at 1600–2200 rpm.[5] The [cylinder block](/source/Cylinder_block) has also been updated using [compacted graphite iron](/source/Compacted_graphite_iron) (CGI) material to increase strength and reduce weight.

## Applications

- [Ford E-Series](/source/Ford_E-Series) (2003-2010)

- [Ford Excursion](/source/Ford_Excursion) (2003-2005)

- [Ford Super Duty](/source/Ford_Super_Duty) (2003-2010)

- [Ford F-650/F-750](/source/Ford_F-Series_(medium-duty_truck)) (2004-2008)

- [International 3000](/source/International_3000) (rear-engine bus)

- [International Citystar/Ford LCF](/source/International_Citystar)

- [International Durastar/4200](/source/International_Durastar) - [International 3300](/source/International_3300) (cowled bus)

- [International MXT](/source/International_MXT)

- [International MXT-MV](/source/International_MXT-MV)

- [International Terrastar](/source/International_TerraStar)

## References

- ["Power Stroke Diesel Engine"](https://web.archive.org/web/20050307120038/http://www.powerstrokedieselstuff.com/product_engine-specs.asp). *Power Stroke Diesel*. Archived from [the original](http://www.powerstrokedieselstuff.com/product_engine-specs.asp) on March 7, 2005. Retrieved March 14, 2005.

- Truett, Richard (December 16, 2005). ["Ford's diesel drama drags on: Power Stroke woes anger buyers, drive up warranty costs"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090619082840/http://www.autoweek.com/article/20051216/FREE/51216021). *[AutoWeek](/source/AutoWeek)*. Archived from [the original](http://www.autoweek.com/article/20051216/FREE/51216021) on June 19, 2009. Retrieved December 15, 2005.

### Notes

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-MF7Overview_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-MF7Overview_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-MF7Overview_1-2) [*MaxxForce™ 7 Overview*](https://www.navistareducation.com/dotnet/application/downloadcontent2.aspx?content_id=12426), Warrenville, Illinois: International Truck and Engine Corporation, 2007, retrieved April 8, 2025

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["2008 Ford Super Duty Brochure"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110714064045/http://www.meadowlandford.com/2008%20SuperDuty_brochure.pdf) (PDF). Ford. p. 3. Archived from [the original](http://www.meadowlandford.com/2008%20SuperDuty_brochure.pdf) (PDF) on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2009-12-10.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-brochure_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-brochure_3-1) ["2008 Ford Super Duty Brochure"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110714064045/http://www.meadowlandford.com/2008%20SuperDuty_brochure.pdf) (PDF). Ford. p. 15. Archived from [the original](http://www.meadowlandford.com/2008%20SuperDuty_brochure.pdf) (PDF) on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2009-12-10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["International Debuts New Family of MaxxForce Diesel Engines"](http://maxxforce.com/News/2006/11/06/international-debuts-new-family-of-maxxforce-diesel-engines) (Press release). International Truck and Engine Corporation. November 6, 2006.[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Archived copy"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110714053631/http://maxxforce.com/Content/pdf/on-highway/2010/MaxxForce7.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](http://maxxforce.com/Content/pdf/on-highway/2010/MaxxForce7.pdf) (PDF) on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2010-06-02.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title))

## See also

- [Ford Power Stroke engine](/source/Ford_Power_Stroke_engine)

- [List of Ford engines](/source/List_of_Ford_engines)

- [List of Navistar engines](/source/Navistar_International_Corporation#List_of_Navistar_engines)

v t e International Motors A subsidiary of Traton, part of the Volkswagen Group Subsidiaries IC Bus AmTran Ward Body Works [defunct] MWM International Motores [sold] Monaco Coach [sold] Joint ventures Blue Diamond Truck [defunct] Mahindra Navistar [sold] NC2 Global Products List of International Harvester/Navistar engines Ford Power Stroke engine International Harvester IDI Navistar DT engine Navistar T444E engine Navistar VT engine List of International Harvester vehicles Related articles 2001 Navistar shooting International Harvester International Harvester Company Warehouse International Harvester strike of 1979–80 McCormick-International Harvester Company Branch House Modec

v t e International Truck product line Military Vehicles Current AXT-6/AXT-8 SOTV-A SOTV-B International MXT-MV MaxxPro 5000-MV (PayStar) 7000-MV (WorkStar) Discontinued FTTS 4000-MV Commercial Vehicles Trucks Current LT series RH series HX series HV series MV series CV series Discontinued Cargostar Loadstar Fleetstar Transtar/Transtar II S series 9000 (COE) CityStar PayStar 9000 series ProStar TerraStar TranStar WorkStar DuraStar LoneStar Bus Chassis Current 3200 3300 Discontinued S series “Schoolmaster” 1853FC 3000 3600 3800 3900 Other Tractors Farmall (discontinued) Cub Cadet (acquired by MTD Products) Delivery Vans (discontinued) Metro Van KM and KBM (1938–1949) LM series (1950–1952) RM series (1953–1955) SM series (1956–1959) AM/BM/CM series (1960–1972) Retail Vehicles (discontinued) Pickup K and KB L series R series S series A/B series C/D series 1000/100 series XT series SUV Scout Travelall See also List of International Harvester vehicles List of International Harvester/Navistar engines List of International (brand) trucks Ford Power Stroke engine

v t e International Harvester and International Motors-produced engines Gasoline engines (to 1986) inline-4 "Comanche" 4 inline-6 HD (Green Diamond) FAC (Blue Diamond) Silver Diamond; BD/BG (Black Diamond) FBC (Red Diamond) V8 V/LV MV SV ("Comanche") Diesel engines (†=discontinued) V6 VT VT275† MaxxForce 5† Ford 4.5L PowerStroke V6† inline-6 DT DT360† DTA360† DT408† DTA466† DT466† DT466E† 530E† DT570† MaxxForceDT MaxxForce 9 MaxxForce 10 MaxxForce 11 MaxxForce 13 V8 DV† IDI† T444E/Ford 7.3L PowerStroke† VT VT365† Ford 6.0L PowerStroke† MaxxForce 7 Ford 6.4L PowerStroke† List of International Harvester/Navistar engines Ford Power Stroke engine

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Navistar VT engine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navistar_VT_engine) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navistar_VT_engine?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.