# Naval brigade > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Naval_brigade > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Naval_brigade.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_brigade > Source revision: 1313678003 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{more citations needed|date=April 2014}} [[Image:British Naval Brigade and Marines Storming the Stockade at Shimonoseki 1864.png|thumb|300px|A British naval brigade (right) during the [Shimonoseki campaign](/source/Shimonoseki_campaign) in September 1864]] A '''naval brigade''' is a body of [sailors](/source/sailors) serving in a ground combat role to augment land forces. ==Australia== Prior to the [Federation of Australia](/source/Federation_of_Australia), several of the Australian colonies had their own Naval Brigades with [New South Wales](/source/New_South_Wales) also having a separate Naval Artillery Volunteers who manned [coast artillery](/source/coast_artillery).p. 1075''Official Year Book of the Commonwealth of Australia No. 2 – 1909'' These units took part in the suppression of the [Boxer Rebellion](/source/Military_history_of_Australia) in China. ==Germany== During the [German Revolution of 1918–19](/source/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%9319), mutineering sailors of the [Imperial German Navy](/source/Imperial_German_Navy) formed the ''[Volksmarinedivision](/source/Volksmarinedivision)'', the best-trained and organised force available to the revolutionary socialists. They defeated regular army troops and battled the right-wing ''[Freikorps](/source/Freikorps)'' over the direction of postwar Germany. ==Russia== {{main|Naval Infantry (Russia)}} [[File:RIAN archive 834147 Hoisting the banner in Port-Artur. WWII (1941-1945).jpg|thumb|right|Soviet sailors at [Port Arthur](/source/Port_Arthur%2C_China), 1945]] During the [October Revolution](/source/October_Revolution) and [Russian Civil War](/source/Russian_Civil_War), Bolshevik sailors were involved in storming the [Winter Palace](/source/Winter_Palace). When the [Nazis invaded Russia](/source/Operation_Barbarossa), sailors were diverted from the battleships to aid in the defence of [Leningrad](/source/Leningrad) and [Sevastopol](/source/Sevastopol). Throughout the war, Russian naval infantry distinguished themselves in land combat, and eventually earned [special forces](/source/special_forces) status. ==United Kingdom== Within the [Royal Navy](/source/Royal_Navy), a naval brigade is a large temporary detachment of [Royal Marines](/source/Royal_Marines) and of [seamen](/source/Sailor) from the Royal Navy formed to undertake operations on shore, particularly during the mid- to late-19th century. Seamen were specifically trained in land-based warfare at the [gun](/source/gun)nery school at [HMS ''Excellent''](/source/HMS_Excellent_(shore_establishment)) in [Portsmouth](/source/Portsmouth). The Royal Navy fought only one ship-to-ship action ({{HMS|Shah|1873|6}} and {{HMS|Amethyst|1873|2}} against the Peruvian ship [''Huascar''](/source/Hu%C3%A1scar_(ship)) in 1877) between 1850 and 1914, so, for much of that period, its only active service was on shore, through naval brigades formed from the men aboard its vessels. Naval brigades were used in engagements including: *the [Battle of Bunker Hill](/source/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill) (1775) *the [Invasion of Isle de France](/source/Invasion_of_Isle_de_France) (1810) *the [Anglo-Burmese Wars](/source/Anglo-Burmese_Wars) (1824–1885) *the [Crimean War](/source/Crimean_War) (1854–1856) *the [Second Opium War](/source/Second_Opium_War) (1856–1860) *the [Indian Rebellion of 1857](/source/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857) (1857–1858) *the [New Zealand Wars](/source/New_Zealand_Wars) (1860–1864) *the [Bombardment of Kagoshima](/source/Bombardment_of_Kagoshima) and [Shimonoseki campaign](/source/Shimonoseki_campaign) (1863–1864) *the [British expedition to Abyssinia](/source/British_expedition_to_Abyssinia) (1867–1868) *the [Second Anglo-Ashanti War](/source/Second_Anglo-Ashanti_War) (1873–1874) *the [Anglo-Zulu War](/source/Anglo-Zulu_War) (1879) *the [First Boer War](/source/First_Boer_War) (1881) *the [Anglo-Egyptian War](/source/Anglo-Egyptian_War) (1882) *the [Mahdist War](/source/Mahdist_War) (1884–5) *the [Benin Expedition of 1897](/source/Benin_Expedition_of_1897) *the [Second Boer War](/source/Second_Boer_War) (1899–1902) *the [Boxer Rebellion](/source/Boxer_Rebellion) (1900) [[Image:Naval-brigade-battery.jpg|thumb|Naval brigade guns and gunners at the [siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855)](/source/siege_of_Sevastopol_(1854%E2%80%931855)), during the Crimean War]] The [field gun competition](/source/field_gun_competition) commemorates the participation of a naval brigade in the [relief of Ladysmith](/source/relief_of_Ladysmith) during the [Boer War](/source/Second_Boer_War), when 12-pounder guns from {{HMS|Terrible|1895|6}} and {{HMS|Powerful|1895|2}} were dragged across almost {{convert|200|mi|km|abbr=on}} of rough terrain from [Durban](/source/Durban) in October 1899. A [Royal Naval Division](/source/Royal_Naval_Division)—later designated the 63rd (Royal Naval) Division—was formed in the [First World War](/source/World_War_I) to make use of surplus reserves of the Royal Navy who were not required at sea. It included two naval brigades and a [brigade](/source/brigade) of Royal Marines, and fought in the defence of [Antwerp](/source/Antwerp) in 1914, the [Battle of Gallipoli](/source/Battle_of_Gallipoli) in 1915, and the [Battle of the Somme](/source/Battle_of_the_Somme) in 1916. Few naval personnel remained in the Division by July 1916, and it was redesignated as the 63rd Division. The division was demobilised in April 1919. ==United States== During the [siege of Veracruz](/source/siege_of_Veracruz) of 1847 in the [Mexican–American War](/source/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War), a naval contingent of 1200 men joined the landing force. During the [American Civil War](/source/American_Civil_War), both sides employed naval brigades at the [siege of Petersburg](/source/siege_of_Petersburg). The [Confederate](/source/Confederate_States_Navy) naval brigade was commanded by Captain [John R. Tucker](/source/John_Randolph_Tucker_(naval_officer)). It was attached to [George Washington Custis Lee](/source/George_Washington_Custis_Lee)'s Division, under Lieutenant General [Richard Ewell](/source/Richard_Ewell)'s Richmond Defense Forces. During the retreat to Appomattox, the brigade was captured at the [Battle of Sayler's Creek](/source/Battle_of_Sayler's_Creek) on 6 April 1865. s. The [Union](/source/Union_Navy) naval brigade was under the [Army of the James](/source/Army_of_the_James) under Major General [Benjamin Butler](/source/Benjamin_Butler_(politician)). It was commanded by Brigadier General [Charles K. Graham](/source/Charles_K._Graham) and was not assigned to either of the two corps of the army. During the war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan, [individual augmentee](/source/individual_augmentee)s from the United States Navy served in the Army to make up for a shortfall of army personnel. ==See also== *[Marines](/source/Marines) *[Pearl's Naval Brigade](/source/Pearl's_Naval_Brigade) *[Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force](/source/Australian_Naval_and_Military_Expeditionary_Force), a combined army and naval infantry force established in the early days of World War I ==Notes== {{Reflist}} ==References== *[http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/research_infoNavalbrigadesinfosheet.htm Information Sheet No. 31, naval brigades], from the [Royal Naval Museum](/source/Royal_Naval_Museum) *[https://archive.today/20121214000951/http://www.nps.gov/apco/black-soldiers.htm Roster of Black Soldiers in the Appomattox Campaign] *{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20051217005529/http://richmondthenandnow.com/Newspaper-Articles/Confederate-Sailors.html Sailors of Confederacy Played Big Part in Noted Land Battles]}}, 1936 article from the [Richmond Times Dispatch](/source/Richmond_Times_Dispatch) *[http://www.usgennet.org/usa/nh/topic/civilwar/petersburg_va.htm Story of the siege of Petersburg from 1864 to 1865], from USGENNET. ==Further reading== * Brooks, Richard. ''The Long Arm of Empire: Naval Brigades from the Crimea to the Boxer Rebellion'' (London: Constable, 1999) {{ISBN|978-0-094-78840-4}} ==External links== *[https://archive.org/details/landingpartymanu00unit Landing Party Manual, United States Navy (1950)] Category:Marines Category:Royal Navy ad hoc formations Category:Ad hoc units and formations of the United States --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Naval brigade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_brigade) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_brigade?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.