# Natrix
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{{Short description|Genus of snakes}}
{{For|the drug with trade name Natrix|Indapamide}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2017}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Natrix natrix persa3.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Natrix natrix](/source/Natrix_natrix)''
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Natrix
| authority = [Laurenti](/source/Josephus_Nicolaus_Laurenti), 1768
| type_species =''[Natrix natrix](/source/Natrix_natrix)''
}}
'''''Natrix''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of [Old World](/source/Old_World) [snake](/source/snake)s found mainly across Eurasia (although the range of ''[Natrix tessellata](/source/Dice_snake)'' extends into Egypt and those of ''[N. astreptophora](/source/Natrix_astreptophora)'' and ''[N. maura](/source/Natrix_maura)'' into north-west Africa) in the [subfamily](/source/subfamily) [Natricinae](/source/Natricinae) of the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Colubridae](/source/Colubridae). They are commonly called '''grass snakes''' and '''water snakes''', but some other snake species also known [commonly](/source/Common_name) as "grass snakes" and "water snakes" are not in the genus.
==Species==
The genus ''Natrix'' contains five extant species[{{EMBL genus|genus=Natrix}}. www.reptile-database.org.] and at least five extinct ([fossil](/source/fossil)-only) species.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common name !! Distribution
|-
| 120px|| ''[Natrix astreptophora](/source/Natrix_astreptophora)'' {{small|([Seoane](/source/%3Aes%3AV%C3%ADctor_L%C3%B3pez_Seoane), 1885)}}|| Iberian grass snake[{{cite news |last1=de Lazaro |first1=Enrico |title=Iberian Grass Snake: Cryptic New Species of Snake Identified |url=http://www.sci-news.com/biology/iberian-grass-snake-natrix-astreptophora-cryptic-new-species-03650.html |work=Sci-News.com |date=February 23, 2016 }}] || Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), southern France, coastal north-west Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia)
120px
|-
| 120px || ''[Natrix helvetica](/source/Barred_grass_snake)'' {{small|([Lacépède](/source/Bernard_Germain_de_Lac%C3%A9p%C3%A8de), 1789)}} || barred grass snake[{{cite news |title=New snake species identified in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40853286 |work=BBC News |date=7 August 2017 }}] || Western Europe, including southern Great Britain
120px
|-
| 120px ||''[Natrix maura](/source/Natrix_maura)'' {{small|([Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), 1758)}}|| viperine water snake["''Natrix'' Laurenti, 1768". Encyclopedia of Life. http://eol.org/pages/35261/overview] ||Portugal, Spain, France, north-west Italy and into Switzerland; north-west Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia)
120px
|-
| 120px || ''[Natrix natrix](/source/Grass_snake)'' {{small|(Linnaeus, 1758)}} || grass snake
120px
|-
| 120px || ''[Natrix tessellata](/source/Dice_snake)'' {{small|([Laurenti](/source/Josephus_Nicolaus_Laurenti), 1768)}} || dice snake
120px
|-
| || †''[Natrix longivertebrata](/source/Natrix_longivertebrata)'' {{small|([Szyndlar](/source/Szyndlar), 1984)}} || extinct species ([Pliocene](/source/Pliocene), [Miocene](/source/Miocene)) || Poland, Austria, France[{{cite journal |last1 = Rage |first1 = JC |last2 = Szyndlar |first2 = Z |title = ''Natrix longivertebrata'' from the European Neogene, a snake with one of the longest known stratigraphic ranges |journal = N. Jb. Geol. Palaonth. Mh. |volume = 1986 |issue = 1 |pages = 56–64 |location = Stuttgart |date = 1986 |url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281589987 |access-date = 15 September 2022}}]
|-
| || †''[Natrix merkurensis](/source/Natrix_merkurensis)'' {{small|Ivanov, 2002}} || extinct species (Miocene)[{{cite journal |last = Ivanov |first = Martin |title = The oldest known Miocene snake fauna from Central Europe: Merkur-North locality, Czech Republic |journal = Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume = 47 |issue = 3 |pages = 513–534 |date = 2002 |url = https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app47-513.html |access-date = 16 September 2022}}] || Czech Republic, France[{{cite web | url = https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=251199 | title = †Natrix merkurensis Ivanov 2002 (water snake) | date = n.d. | website = Fossilworks | access-date = 16 September 2022 }}]
|-
|-
| || †''[Natrix mlynarskii](/source/Natrix_mlynarskii)'' {{small|Rage, 1988}} || extinct species ([Eocene](/source/Eocene)–Miocene) || France[{{cite web | url = https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=346184 | title = †Natrix mlynarskii Rage 1988 (water snake) | date = n.d. | website = Fossilworks | access-date = 16 September 2022 }}]
|-
| || †''[Natrix parva](/source/Natrix_parva)'' {{small|Szyndlar, 1984}} || extinct species (Miocene) || Poland[{{cite web | url = https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=64954 | title = †Natrix parva Szyndlar 1984 (water snake) | date = n.d. | website = Fossilworks | access-date = 16 September 2022 }}]
|-
| || †''[Natrix sansaniensis](/source/Natrix_sansaniensis)'' {{small|([Lartet](/source/%C3%89douard_Lartet), 1851)}} || extinct species (Miocene)[ || Czech Republic, France
|-
|}
''[Nota bene](/source/Nota_bene)'': A [binomial authority](/source/Binomial_nomenclature) in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Natrix''.
==Etymology==
''Natrix'' is classical [Latin](/source/Latin) for a water snake. The word comes from a [Proto-Indo-European](/source/Proto-Indo-European) root meaning "snake", with cognates in the [Celtic](/source/Celtic_languages) and [Germanic language](/source/Germanic_language)s, the latter including the English adder. It was probably influenced through [folk etymology](/source/folk_etymology) by the Latin ''nare'' and ''natare'' meaning "swim";][{{cite web | title = adder, n.1 | work = OED Online | date = March 2019 | publisher = Oxford University Press | url = http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/2166?rskey=HXKdWQ&result=1&isAdvanced=false | access-date = 6 May 2019}}][{{cite web | title = adder | work = Online Etymology Dictionary | url = https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=adder|access-date = 6 May 2019}}] it appears to be a grammatically feminine word for "swimmer".
==Geography==
The refuge of a widely distributed Western European lineage regarding the [barred grass snake](/source/barred_grass_snake) commonly known as ''Natrix helvetica ''was most likely located in southern France and outside the classical refuges in the southern European peninsulas. One genetic lineage of the [common grass snake](/source/Grass_snake) (''N. natrix'') is also distributed in Scandinavia, Central Europe, and the Balkan Peninsula.[{{cite journal |last1=Kindler |first1=Carolin |last2=Graciá |first2=Eva |last3=Fritz |first3=Uwe |title=Extra-Mediterranean glacial refuges in barred and common grass snakes (Natrix helvetica , N. natrix) |journal=Scientific Reports |date=29 January 2018 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=1821 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-20218-2 |pmid=29379101 |pmc=5788984 |bibcode=2018NatSR...8.1821K }}]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*[Laurenti JN](/source/Josephus_Nicolaus_Laurenti) (1768). ''Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austriacorum''. Vienna: "Joan. Thom. Nob. de Trattnern". 214 pp. + Plates I-V. (''Natrix'', new genus, p. 73). (in Latin).
{{Taxonbar|from=Q955683}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Natrix
Category:Snake genera
Category:Taxa named by Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti
{{Natricinae-stub}}
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Natrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrix) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrix?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.