# Narmeln

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{{Short description|Village in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Narmeln
|ru_name=Нармельн
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|other_name=Narmeln, Polski
|other_lang=German
|image_skyline=Polski (Narmeln) międzywojnie.jpg
|image_caption=View of Narmeln (before 1930)
|coordinates = {{coord|54|28|01|N|19|40|06|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=left
<!----ADMINISTRATIVE STATUS---->
|federal_subject=[Kaliningrad Oblast](/source/Kaliningrad_Oblast)
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|adm_district_jur=[Baltiysky District](/source/Baltiysky_District%2C_Kaliningrad_Oblast)
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|inhabloc_cat=Abandoned village
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<!----MUNICIPAL STATUS---->
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<!----STATISTICS---->
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<!----HISTORY---->
|established_date=1489
|established_title=[Coaching inn](/source/Coaching_inn)
|established_date_ref=<ref name="GM" />
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|abolished_date=1945
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<!----MISCELLANEA---->
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'''Narmeln''' ({{langx|ru|Нармельн}}, {{langx|pl|Polski}}), alternatively known as '''Polski''',<ref name="GM">Georg Mielcarczyk, ''Narmeln-Neukrug-Vöglers. Ein Kirchspiel auf der Frischen Nehrung'', Bremerhaven, 1971. {{in lang|de}}</ref> is an [abandoned village](/source/abandoned_village) in [Baltiysky District](/source/Baltiysky_District%2C_Kaliningrad_Oblast) of [Kaliningrad Oblast](/source/Kaliningrad_Oblast), [Russia](/source/Russia). It is located on the [Vistula Spit](/source/Vistula_Spit), on the border with [Poland](/source/Poland), the [westernmost point of Russia](/source/List_of_extreme_points_of_Russia).

Narmeln is distinct as it is one of the few places in Kaliningrad Oblast whose [German](/source/German_language) name was not officially changed when the territory was annexed to the [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union) following [World War II](/source/World_War_II), and is also the only part of historic [Gdańsk Pomerania](/source/Gda%C5%84sk_Pomerania) to be annexed by the Soviet Union by the [Potsdam Agreement](/source/Potsdam_Agreement). Narmeln was depopulated after the war, and the Soviet side of the Vistula Spit was made into an [exclusion zone](/source/exclusion_zone), which remains in effect today.

==Geographical location==
Narmeln is located about {{convert|35|km|0|abbr=off}} south-west of [Baltiysk](/source/Baltiysk). The [westernmost point of Russia](/source/Extreme_points_of_Russia) is located on the [Poland–Russia border](/source/Poland%E2%80%93Russia_border) nearby. ({{coord|54|27|29.4|N|19|38|21|E|region:RU_type:isle|name=Vistula Spit (Westernmost point)}})

== History ==

===Coaching inn and border station===
In 1466, following the [Thirteen Years' War](/source/Thirteen_Years'_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)), the longest of all Polish–Teutonic wars, the [Teutonic Order](/source/Teutonic_Order) renounced any claims to the area and recognized it as part of the [Kingdom of Poland](/source/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Górski|first=Karol|title=Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych|year=1949|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|location=Poznań|language=pl|page=89}}</ref> The southern part of the Vistula Spit had been given by King [Casimir IV Jagiellon](/source/Casimir_IV_Jagiellon) to the city of [Danzig (Gdańsk)](/source/Gda%C5%84sk). In 1489 the innkeeper Hans Voyte got the permission to open a [coaching inn](/source/coaching_inn) in a place called ''Ermelen''. The settlement was a possession of the city of Gdańsk, located in the [Pomeranian Voivodeship](/source/Pomeranian_Voivodeship_(1466%E2%80%931772))<ref>{{cite book|last1=Biskup|first1=Marian|last2=Tomczak|first2=Andrzej|year=1955|title=Mapy województwa pomorskiego w drugiej połowie XVI w.|language=pl|location=Toruń|page=129}}</ref> in the province of [Royal or Polish Prussia](/source/Royal_Prussia) in the [Greater Poland Province](/source/Greater_Poland_Province%2C_Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland) of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1525 it became a border station between the territories of Gdańsk in Poland and the [Duchy of Prussia](/source/Duchy_of_Prussia), a vassal duchy of Poland.

Narmeln was annexed by the [Kingdom of Prussia](/source/Kingdom_of_Prussia) in 1793, in the [Second Partition of Poland](/source/Second_Partition_of_Poland). During the era of [Napoleon Bonaparte](/source/Napoleon_Bonaparte) the village was a border settlement of the [Free City of Danzig (Gdańsk)](/source/Free_City_of_Danzig_(Napoleonic)) in the period extending from 1807 to 1814. In 1815 it was reannexed by Prussia, and became part of the province of [West Prussia](/source/West_Prussia), and from 1871 it was also part of [Germany](/source/Germany).

In the [interbellum](/source/interbellum), after the creation of the [Free City of Danzig](/source/Free_City_of_Danzig) in accordance with the terms of the [Versailles Treaty](/source/Treaty_of_Versailles) Narmeln was joined with the area around [Elbing (Elbląg)](/source/Elbl%C4%85g) to the German province of [East Prussia](/source/East_Prussia).

===World War II===
thumb|left|220px|East Prussian Refugees after crossing the Lagoon
Following Germany's [invasion of Poland](/source/invasion_of_Poland) at the start of [World War II](/source/World_War_II), the village was included in the newly formed province of [Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia](/source/Reichsgau_Danzig-West_Prussia), the bulk of which was [German-occupied](/source/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)) Polish Pomerania. In 1945 the spit was the last holdout of the remaining German soldiers in East and West Prussia. After the occupation of [Tolkemit (Tolkmicko)](/source/Tolkmicko) on January&nbsp;26, the [German refugees](/source/Evacuation_of_East_Prussia) fled over the ice of the [Vistula Lagoon](/source/Vistula_Lagoon) from [Passarge (Nowa Pasłęka)](/source/Nowa_Pas%C5%82%C4%99ka) to Narmeln. The village was eventually captured by the [Red Army](/source/Red_Army) on April&nbsp;30, 1945.

===Post-war changes===
{{Historical populations
|align=right
|1905|242
|1910|257
|1920|274
|1933|278
|1939|294<ref>[http://www.westpreussen.de/cms/ct/ortsverzeichnis/details.php?ID=4482 westpreussen.de: ''Narmeln'' {{in lang|de}}]</ref>
}}
After the war, the settlement passed to the Soviet Union and the [German inhabitants were expelled](/source/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%9350)){{citation needed|date=April 2022}} in accordance with the [Potsdam Agreement](/source/Potsdam_Agreement). Narmeln was the only settlement of historic Gdańsk (Eastern) Pomerania, which had been transferred to the Soviets. Located almost on the border to [Poland](/source/Poland) the village became a deserted place. Border crossings are not allowed on the spit, the Russian part is an [exclusion zone](/source/exclusion_zone).

===Historical names===
''Ermelen'' (1489), ''Narmeln'' (after 1489), ''Narmeln'', ''Polski'' (1660), ''Narmeln'', ''Polski'', ''Polsk'' (until 1945).

==Nature==
Narmeln had been famous for the largest moving [dune](/source/dune) with a height between 26 and 45 meters on the Vistula spit. In 1926 a [youth hostel](/source/youth_hostel) had been opened.

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* Josef Nikodemus Pawlowski, ''Populäre Geschichte und Beschreibung des Danziger Landkreises'', Danzig, 1885. {{in lang|de}}
* Georg Mielcarczyk, ''Narmeln-Neukrug-Vöglers. Ein Kirchspiel auf der Frischen Nehrung'', Bremerhaven, 1971. (''Ostdeutsche Landgemeinden und Kirchspiele'', Band 7) {{in lang|de}}

==External links==
*[https://www.elbing-land-familienforschung.de/seite155.html ''Der Landkreis Elbing: Narmeln''] {{in lang|de}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:1945 disestablishments in Germany
Category:Former populated places in Kaliningrad Oblast
Category:Geography of Pomerania

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Narmeln](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmeln) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmeln?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.